Church of Dmitry Solunsky. The temple of dmitry solunsky on blagushe - an island of true faith

So many people gathered to see the Guslikovskys off to Irkutsk that they occupied almost the entire platform. True, if the manager of the customs office Orlikov and Anton Dmitrievich Sikhri came to see Alexei himself off, then Ankhen and Mari are almost entirely the classes in which they taught or studied. They gave me a bunch of bouquets and baskets with pies, which later ate the whole car. When they began to say goodbye, many girls burst into tears, Ankhen restrained herself, but her lips trembled for a long time and her eyes shone treacherously.
On the fourth day, we arrived in Irkutsk, first of all, they let echelons with military supplies through. Due to the fact that the manager Tatishchev ordered the assignment of an assistant warehouse overseer and three inspectors to assist, everything went quickly and without overlays. Although Marie was a little embarrassed, when moving in a carriage along the pontoon bridge over the Angara, naturally you have to get used to this, that you feel like a blade of grass among a huge mass of water.
The state apartment turned out to be in the same quarter as the customs office, on the second floor of the former merchant's mansion and consisted of seven rooms with all the fruits of technological progress inherent at that time in the form of electricity, sewage and a bath with titanium. But the heating was stove and consisted of three Dutch stoves heating the rooms and a large stove with an oven in the kitchen, and this is firewood, ash and everything that goes with it. There is clearly plenty of furniture, there is even a piano, though pretty much out of tune.
Ankhen was ready to take a cab driver even now and, without sorting things out, go to the cadet school to visit her son, but Alexei took the initiative into his own hands:
- Tomorrow, right after the service, I will drop by the school, give him our address and find out if they can let him go on dismissal. In any case, we will visit him on Sunday, because there should be a room for visiting relatives.
Ankhen only had to sigh and nod his head in the affirmative. They took things apart until midnight, and then after rinsing a little, they fell into bed. They took the cook from the previous owners, but on a trial period, so the dinner was cooked and the breakfast was expected to be excellent.
When Alexei moved, he put his uniform coats and trousers with shirts in special canvas covers, so that he could safely go in the morning to introduce himself to the boss.
In the morning, at breakfast, a small family council was held, at which it was decided that Marie would go to study at the educational institution nearest to her home - literally two blocks later there was the 2nd women's gymnasium, the spouse would go to the headmistress first, and only in case of an unfavorable outcome, Alexey himself would be delegated there. all over the form.
Already heading to customs, Guslikovsky caught himself thinking that 16 years ago he also introduced himself to the customs administration as an assistant manager of the Listvenichnaya customs outpost, and now he is an assistant manager of the Irkutsk warehouse customs of the 1st category, once one of the largest customs offices of the Russian Empire. True, now, with the abolition of the free port regime and duty-free trade on the land Russian-Chinese border in the south of the Far East and the creation of new customs offices and outposts within the borders of the former Amur customs district, which took over the goods that were once processed in Irkutsk, the collection from payments fell dozens of times. But there are also fiscal functions and the fight against smuggling.
For so many years, a lot has changed and the customs building is different, and few people remember it. As in Blagoveshchensk, Alexei arrived early, so, undressing and giving his coat to the doorman, he went to the manager's office. The clerical officer was already there and, having introduced himself, continued to sort the papers. And here he is, lean and lean, over forty. Invites you to go into the office with him.
The room is more spacious than in Blagoveshchensk, and the decoration is richer - a T-shaped table made of bog oak, a comfortable leather chair, curtains on the windows made of cherry plush, only the map of Russia and the portrait of the emperor are invariable. I handed over the prescription ...
- I am glad of your arrival, there is a catastrophic lack of full-time officials, you understand mobilization, although many have reservations, but they themselves strive. Here is the manager of the Bodaibo outpost Saltykov, a former artilleryman and participant in the Russian-Japanese war, a wonderful specialist and not subject to conscription in his position, wrote a request for transfer to the position of assistant manager of the Nokhtuiskaya outpost. And then he volunteered for the front. I understand him perfectly, a former officer himself - he graduated from the Kazan Infantry School, but this is also a responsible area - here the manager got a little distracted and mechanically drummed his fingers on the table.
- Yes, your form has not arrived yet, so if possible, then briefly about yourself.
- Born in 1875 in the Yaroslavl province, graduated from high school in Warsaw, then Moscow University. Due to the death of his father, a customs official, it was not possible to finish his studies. In 1896 he entered the service as an assistant to the shipmaster at the Riga customs, two years later he was appointed to the post of assistant manager of the Listvenichnaya customs outpost, which is now under your leadership - at these words Tatishchev perked up and interrupted Alexei.
- Wait, sir, after my retirement in 1899 I also started as an assistant shipmaster. So you then gutted that French galosh at the Riga customs office ...
- How to forget ... Charles Joly ...
- And they served on Listvenichnaya, so you know the local conditions, here are the cards in your hands. Please continue ..
- Then a two-year business trip to Harbin. For seven years he served as the manager of the Lakhasusskaya customs outpost on the Sungari, then Yekaterino-Nikolskaya on the Amur. Since June 1911 - a member of the Blagoveshchensk customs. He is married, this year the son entered the Irkutsk Infantry School, the daughter is in the sixth grade of the gymnasium. The wife taught in Riga and Blagoveshchensk. He did not apply for a transfer, apparently the Lord heard the prayers of my wife, she really wanted to be closer to her son ...
- Yes, our wives, as the wives of the Decembrists, changed Riga and Moscow to Irkutsk, although comparisons can be seen out of place .. And now to the point .. I think that three days will be enough for the arrangement and get acquainted with the work of the departments. Then a detour of all outposts and posts. The trip is not for the purpose of an audit, there is an auditor for this. Find out where bottlenecks have appeared with the change in the situation during wartime. Upon arrival, I received a written report. Start with Bodaibinskaya, it is the farthest, and you have to catch it before freezing.
Then there was a knock on the door and an official entered, reporting that the officials had been gathered.
- Let them come in, - Tatishchev turned to Guslikovsky and continued, - now I will introduce you to the senior officials of the customs.
Officials entered and almost in a military line stood in one line along the wall opposite from the windows. Tatishchev, followed by Guslikovsky, walked between them and the table.
- Gentlemen, I have the honor to introduce you to the post of my assistant, that is, the 1st deputy manager of the customs collegiate assessor Alexey Andreevich Guslikovsky. Only I can cancel his orders .. So, as they say, I ask you to love and favor. Learn more during the service. Now personally ... Inspector of the 2nd category Collegiate Counselor Yasyukevich Gennady Dmitrievich; auditor of the 3rd category, collegiate adviser Vizhevsky Ludwig Matveyevich; inspectors of the 2nd category collegiate advisers Shishmarev Innokenty Petrovich, Zhitkevich Mark Yakovlevich, Perfiliev Ivan Konstantinovich; the treasurer of the customs, the provincial secretary Makeev Valentin Vasilievich; accountant, provincial secretary of Kudel Nikolai Vasilievich; warehouse superintendent, collegiate assessor Fomin Alexander Evgenievich. Well, and you will meet the rest in the line of duty. Everything, all invitees are free. Your Alexey Andreevich office opposite.
In the face of all the officials presented, Guslikovsky remembered, but by name and patronymic, you will have to remember, but these are all trifles.
The office turned out to be small, but rather cozy. The table, as he likes, is upholstered with green cloth, a green shade on the lamp, a detailed map of the Irkutsk province with flags indicating the institutions under its jurisdiction. Here is almost native Listvenichnaya, here is Tankhoiskaya. The bookcase is crammed with Collections of Circulars and Customs Legislation. I went to the waiting room and asked the duty clerical officer for the staffing table of the customs. I signed the case form and began to study ... It turns out that in addition to Saltykov, two clerical officials and five inspectors have already been drafted into the active army ...
Time flew by unnoticed, so it's time to have lunch, two hours are allotted for it, a lot of things can be redone, because it's five minutes on foot to the house ... Ankhen and Mari have already gone to the gymnasium and everything is fine. The daughter was taken to the best class in terms of academic performance, and his wife was immediately offered a place as a teacher. At dinner, anticipating his wife's question, Guslikovsky began first:
- After the end of the service I'll take a cab and go to the school, as I made inquiries, it is located along Junkerskaya Street, the distance is decent ...
- And I?
- Ankhen, Andrey can have classes or, say, cleaning weapons ... The male team is scrupulous in many issues, they can be considered a mama's son. I’ll learn as much as possible, meet with the commanders, find out if he can go on leave next weekend. In any case, I will see and give him our address.
Autumn days are short, at six in the evening it is already light twilight, so I ordered a cab driver in advance. He wanted to cheat a little and tried to make a detour along Staro-Lutheranskaya to the Angara Embankment, but Alexei quickly corrected him and he turned to Savinskaya with a grump of displeasure ...
And here is the school ... Brick fence, wide iron gates painted green with a double-headed eagle, a zebra barrier. He has a cadet in an overcoat with a sword in a sheath, wide longitudinal stripes on his shoulder straps and a bandage on his sleeve ... Having asked the cabman to wait, Guslikovsky went to the person on duty at the checkpoint.
- Mr. Junker. I have a son in the first year, the third platoon ... Guslikovsky Andrey. I should see him or talk to the commander ..
- I myself have been from the second year, I do not know him personally. Now self-preparation is going on until 19.15, and then at half past seven, dinner. I will now report to the officer on duty at the school, he seems to be in command of the third platoon, - he went up to the barred window facing the street and knocked on the glass. A cadet in a tunic with two stripes on his shoulder straps immediately appeared on the porch.
- Here father came to the cadet from the first year, report to Second Lieutenant Samoilov, - he listened silently and returned to the duty room.
A couple of minutes later, an officer came out, tied with belts, a pistol holster on his belt. Holding the hilt of the checker with his left hand, he put his right hand to the visor:
- Second lieutenant Samoilov. What I owe ..
Alexey Andreevich not that he was obscured, but for some reason it was dry in his throat. From his pocket he took out his official ID, still smelling of glue and paint.
- Collegiate assessor Guslikovsky, according to the Department of Customs Duties, has been transferred to your city, my son is in his first year, the third platoon. We just arrived yesterday - I wanted to give my son the address, or even better to see. The spouse will be worried if I don't meet ..
- You, Mr. Guslikovsky, are lucky, I am in charge of the third and fourth platoons. Your son studies well, he is diligent, not like some idlers ... Juncker Gumenyuk, take a change and go to the training building, tell the deputy platoon commander that I allowed him to go to the checkpoint ... Excuse me, it's time for me to go to the cafeteria, it's time to take off a sample from dinner ..
These five minutes seemed like an eternity .. Yeah, there is someone running .. Cap in hand. The hair is short, like he has never worn. They hugged to a crunch in the bones. Then Alexey pushed his son aside.
- Let me see ... The form suits you ..
- When did you arrive? How is mom, Marie?
- We arrived yesterday, remember the address .. Old Lutheranskaya 121, phone 31-74. Marie will go to the sixth grade tomorrow, and they took her mother to teach in the second. For some reason, at the height of the school year, the vacancy was ...
- That's so lucky. We take the oath this Sunday, starting at ten in the morning. Come, they will let everyone in, that's just, - the son hesitated for a moment, - bring a basket of pies. There are twelve of us in the department, but only I turn out to be a local. We need to treat the guys, let the house be remembered ..
They talked for a few more minutes, every now and then interrupting each other, until Guslikovsky realized that he was in a lined coat, and his son was wearing the same tunic ... It was agreed that Andrei would turn to the deputy. com. platoon to be included in the lists of the dismissed, and the family will come to swear in.
Upon arrival at the apartment, Ankhen bombarded him with questions about what his son looks like and when he can be seen. Have you lost weight? Upon learning that her son asked to cook homemade pies, she promised that she herself would prepare strudels according to Riga recipes. I lamented that there was no container for a bucket, otherwise I would have brewed cocoa ...
Not only parents but also high officials came to the cadet school to take the oath of allegiance; the guest tribune was rippling with epaulettes and sewing on greatcoats and uniform coats. Parents and relatives were asked to be accommodated in the alley behind the podium. The bugle began to sing. The cadets emerged in platoon columns and lined up on the parade ground. A banner appeared, behind it a banner platoon was striking, the linemen with flags on bayonets took their places. All these actions were commented on by a Cossack officer standing behind them, so that everything was clear. Some of the guests made a welcoming speech, as the newspapers later wrote - the Irkutsk governor himself, the actual state councilor Alexander Nikolaevich Yugan.
Finally, tables were set up opposite the platoons of the 1st course, officers stood near them. The cadets went out one at a time, take a folder in their hands and read the oath. Before the formation there were at least forty fathoms, so the words were difficult to make out.
Here Andrei went out of order, turned to the formation, apparently read the text of the oath, signed and went with a marching step. Ankhen grabbed Alexei's hand and whispered:
- I dreamed about something completely different. Moscow and St. Petersburg universities were waiting for him. And then there's the war.
From the rostrum, they again made several bravura speeches about the war to a victorious end, then a loud voice barked - Under the banner at attention, then - To the solemn march! The brass band began to play and the boxes of the cadets marched a step past the guests.
Finally, the system broke up and was allowed to communicate with relatives. The wife could hardly hold back tears and stroked the cropped back of her son's head with one hand. Marie, like an adult girl, kissed her brother on the cheek, and then took his cap in her hands, put it on her head and put her hand to the headdress - they say, know ours. The cadets standing next to her ate her eyes. Guslikovsky smiled to himself - well, now they will pester Andrey to introduce him to his sister.
Then Andrei and Marie went to the carriage for gifts, which were wrapped in a sheepskin coat for loyalty so that they would not get cold. We returned, Andrey was away for a couple of minutes and now the basket is empty. The wife grabbed the sleeve and whispered something in his ear.
- Mom, everything is fine. I have already been given a leave of absence until eight tomorrow morning. If you don't mind, then you can go, I'll see how you settled down, - Ankhen threw up her hands at these words and began to cross herself earnestly.
At Andrei's apartment they immediately drove into the bath and, having changed from uniform to home, he immediately became the same, as if there was no departure and separation. And at the table, the spouse kept trying to put something tastier on her son until he began to protest ... Surprisingly, in bed, Ankhen did not say anything to Alexei about the unfortunate choice of her son ..
But it was not possible to leave for Bodaibo, two weeks earlier frosts hit and the ice drift began. It was still possible to reach the pier in the village of Ust-Kut along the Yakutsk tract, located five hundred miles north of Irkutsk, but then it would have been necessary to wait more than half a month for the establishment of the sled route. No, that would not be an allowable luxury ..

Russian Imperial Army

Women in the service of the Fatherland

Duchess Olga

One of the integral parts of the military history of the Fatherland is the participation of Russian women in wars. The Russians have left their mark on them. Unfortunately, this important aspect of our history has not received due attention so far. The service of women in the active Russian army has attracted the interest of researchers before.

However, these were small works covering a narrow topic: the service of sisters of mercy in military hospitals, on the battlefields; published works devoted to individual personalities. It should be noted that the study of new archival and literary sources gives grounds to assert that in various historical epochs women took an active part in the composition of the army. If we glance into the depths of the centuries, then bright, strong, courageous natures who fought on the battlefield for Holy Russia will flare up in front of us.

Epic lines brought to us the mighty prowess of the woodpiles, which not only guarded the borders of the Fatherland, but also entered into duels with male heroes, dexterously rode a horse, accurately shot from a bow, and wielded a sword superbly. The historically existing outstanding personality - the Russian princess Olga, perhaps, still has no rivals among the extraordinary women that Russia is rich in.

She led her well-armed squad against recalcitrant neighbors, conquered their lands; possessing an astute state mind, she wisely ruled the principality. The mighty influential Byzantium was looking for her favor, the princes were respected and feared.

Princess Daria Rostovskaya

In the greatest battle on the Kulikovo field in 1380, Russian princesses Daria Andreevna Rostovskaya, Feodora Ivanovna Pubzholskaya, the daughter of the voivode Fili Fekla, fought with the Horde in men's clothes. Undoubtedly, there were other women, both from the privileged strata and commoners, but information about this, unfortunately, did not reach us.

Nadezhda Andreevna Durova

It was not allowed by the way of life, traditions, views on a woman's position in society to hold a weapon in her hands, although the rank of colonel of the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment was held "according to the staff" by all independently ruling Russian empresses - Catherine I, Anna Ioannovna, Elizaveta Petrovna, Catherine II. And who was not entitled to "according to the state", during periods of military danger under a man's name, in a man's suit, they multiplied the honor of the uniform and the glory of Russian weapons by their exploits.

In 1807, Alexandra Tikhomirova died (she was known as Alexander Tikhomirov), who had served in the army for about 15 years. Only after her death did her colleagues learn from her confessor that the brave guard-captain was a woman. From private to the rank of captain, Tatyana Markina, under the surname Kurtochkin, a Cossack from the village of Nagaevskaya, who astonished Catherine II when it became known that the captain was "female", rose to the rank of captain.

The name of the captain-captain Nadezhda Andreevna Durova is well known. She received her baptism of fire in 1807 at the battle of Gutshtadt, participated in the battles at Heilsberg, Friedland. For bravery and courage, Emperor Alexander I awarded her the insignia of the military order, allowing her to remain in the army under the name of Alexandrov as a special favor for military merit and courage.

Durova took part in the Patriotic War of 1812. She served as an orderly for Kutuzov. She took part in the battles near Smolensk, in the Battle of Borodino. Here she was wounded, after recovering she returned to the active army and again distinguished herself in many battles. In 1816 she retired, she, like all officers, was assigned a pension.

In the Patriotic War of 1812, many women participated in the popular partisan movement. Some detachments were led by women: the elder Vasilisa Kozhina, the peasant woman Anfisa, Praskovya the lace-maker, who led a detachment of 60 people (mostly women), the French appointed a large reward for her head.

"Woman's teams" inflicted a lot of harm on the enemy, once they repulsed a detachment of Russian prisoners, among whom was a wounded colonel. The fearlessness of these women, their valor in defending the Fatherland from invaders, was awarded a silver medal in memory of the Patriotic War.

Dasha Sevastopolskaya

The study of the tradition of women's participation in the military history of Russia shows that it was especially active in the field of medicine. The documented use of female labor in military hospitals in Russia begins with the reforms of Peter I.

In the military charter of 1716 in chapter 34 "On the field hospital", or spit, it is said that "... it is always necessary with ten sick people to be in the service of one healthy soldier and several women who have to serve these sick, and wash their clothes ..." ...

After Peter I, there was a certain lull in attracting women for military needs. And only since the Crimean War of 1853-1856. the woman as a sister of mercy does not leave the battlefield, including the last world war. For the first time in world history, 120 sisters of mercy from the Exaltation of the Cross community arrived in the Crimean Company at the theater of military operations in Crimea in November 1854 (17 sisters died in the line of duty, 4 were injured). The initiator of the use of women's care for the sick and wounded in the war was the outstanding military surgeon N.I. Pirogov.

The Sisters of Mercy were well trained professionally and distinguished themselves by exceptional conscientiousness in their work. Mostly they came from the highest circles and the intelligentsia. Among them: E. Khitrova, E. Bakunina, M. Kutuzov V. Shchedrina and many others.

The Sisters of Mercy worked steadfastly under bullets and cannonballs with a huge number of wounded and sick. It is impossible not to mention the name of the Russian woman who is considered the first sister of mercy - Dasha Sevastopolskaya (Daria Lavrentievna Mikhailova). She proved herself in the Alma battle, having arranged a dressing station in the hollow.

All 11 months of the siege, this 16-year-old girl worked, without straightening her back, in hospitals, at dressing points, enduring all the horrors of war with the defenders of the city. She was awarded a monetary allowance and a silver medal by the Emperor, and the Empress sent her a gold cross with the inscription "Sevastopol".

Sisters of mercy

Officially, women's right to participate in the war to care for the wounded was recognized during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878. For the first time in the history of Russia, women doctors who had received medical education abroad were working in various medical institutions in both theaters of military operations - the Balkan and the Caucasus.

Forty graduates and 12 students of the last course of the St. Petersburg Women's Medical Courses, who worked as doctors, paramedics, as well as nurses, trained both in the communities and through the Red Cross, were sent to the war.

Students were sent to temporary military hospitals and infirmaries; they worked under the guidance of Professor N.V. Sklifosovsky. Women operated on an equal footing with male doctors. All participants in the war were awarded medals in memory of this war. 6 sisters of mercy who helped the wounded on the battlefield were awarded a special silver medal "For Bravery": Boye, Dukhonina, Olkhina, Polozova, Engelgardt, Yukhantseva. The women doctors who participated in this war were awarded the medal "For Diligence".

The temple, built in 1908-1911 on Blagusha, was named in honor of the Holy Great Martyr Demetrius of Thessaloniki, the patron saint of Orthodox soldiers. Blagusha is the historical name of the area located in the northeast of Moscow between Semenovskaya Zastava and the village of Izmailovo. By the end of 1910, the Temple acquired its first abbot. It was the 42-year-old priest Mikhail Preferenceov. On June 29, 1911, Vladyka Metropolitan Vladimir of Moscow consecrated the newly built Church and celebrated the first Divine Liturgy there. The new Temple did not last long. He faced the same path of martyrdom as his heavenly patron, the Holy Great Martyr Demetrius. The temple was built in the spirit of eclecticism, it is a combination of Greek and Russian methods of temple building. It accommodates up to 3,000 parishioners. The main altar is consecrated in honor of the holy great martyr Demetrius of Thessaloniki; side-altars in honor of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow, and the Assumption, in honor of the righteous Anna, mother of the Most Holy Theotokos. In architectural terms, the Temple is a combination of a three-nave basilica and a cross-domed Temple, that is, a combination of Greek and Russian principles of temple building, symbolizing the unity of the spiritual feat of the great martyr Demetrius of Thessaloniki and the holy noble Prince Demetrius Donskoy.

In 1931, the parish was closed, and the building of the Temple was transferred to the jurisdiction of the NKVD, which adapted it for a precious metal recycling plant. Crosses were demolished, domes were removed, the upper tiers of the bell tower were dismantled. Smelting furnaces were installed in the altar. An acid workshop was placed under the main vault.

In a completely devastated state, cut off from all city communications, the building of the Temple was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1991. Since November 17, 1991, when the crosses were consecrated and installed on the Temple, the parish has been working to revive the Temple. At the 2000 Diocesan Assembly, Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow called the Temple of Demetrius of Thessaloniki the most destroyed Temple in Moscow.

Now the parish is headed by Priest Peter Lipatov. The temple was built very quickly, revived, something new happened every day, and in the fall of 2001, on the feast day, the service began to be performed on the main throne. The Sunday school has been restored. There is also a Sunday school for adults.

On November 8, 2007, on the day of remembrance of the great martyr Demetrius of Thessaloniki, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia celebrated the Divine Liturgy in the Temple of the Great Martyr. Demetrius on Blagusha. This was the first Patriarchal service in the restored Temple. The temple is almost ready, it remains to make the right and left side-chapel, paint the walls, but, unfortunately, this is not yet possible due to the fungus on the walls.

Abbreviated text from the site of the temple.