Day of Cyril and Methodius. Celebration of Slavic Literature and Culture: History

Today, May 24, is the Day Slavic writing and culture and solemnly glorify the creators of Slavic writing, Saints Cyril and Methodius.

The Byzantine enlighteners Constantine (in monasticism Cyril) and Methodius are the founders of Slavic writing. In 2015, it will be 1200 years since the birth of Methodius, who firmly stood on the fact that the power is strong not with blood, not with swords and helmets alone, not even with common speech, but with faith expressed in native words.

Cyril and Methodius did a great job of creating a book and written Slavic language, which later received the name Old Church Slavonic and one of its forms - Church Slavonic. Meaning of Creation Slavic alphabet Nikolai Karamzin accurately defined: “The history of the mind represents two main eras - the invention of letters and typography: all others were their consequence. Reading and writing opens up a new world for a person.”

First printed Slavic books Glagolitic appeared in the Balkans; by the end of the 15th century in Krakow, Schweipolt Feol published the first books in Cyrillic. The Belarusian enlightener Francis Skaryna published the Psalter in Prague in 1517. In Russia, the era of printed books began on the first day of spring in 1564, when work on the first accurately dated Russian printed book, “The Epistles and Acts of the Apostles,” was completed in Moscow at the Printing Yard. At the head of this work was a great enthusiast of his work, educated, talented person- Ivan Fedorov. In total, during his difficult and wandering life, Ivan Fedorov published 12 publications, including the first East Slavic alphabet, the first complete Slavic Bible, and the first calendar.

We learn about the beginning of Slavic writing from the main Russian chronicle - “The Tale of Bygone Years”, other works of ancient Russian literature “The Tale of a Certain Kaluger about Reading Books”, “On the Use of Books”, “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”: In “The Tale of Bygone Years”, Describing world and Russian history up to 1113, the chronicler Nestor asserted one of the main truths: the oral word stands at the origins of humanity, and the written word, the book, stands at the origins of civilization.

TempleKirillAndMethodius- one of the largest in the Middle Volga region, consecrated in honor KirillAndMethodius, located in the city Samara at the address: Barboshina Polyana, Novo-Sadovaya Street, 260.

Day of Saints Methodius and Cyril, Day of the Slavic...site›News›…-mefodija-i-kirilla-den…

Happy holiday!

Consonance of ecstatic melodies
Gentle spring caresses our ears.
I'm writing a sonnet to sunny weather...
And who came up with letters for us? -
Cyril (in the world - Philosopher) and Methodius -
Holy names for Russia!
May literacy be a powerful wave
Will splash in our writing people!!

Are you called “prose writer” or “poet”,
Are you a young man, or have you lived for many years?
Unfortunately, it’s not good to write with mistakes.

In the Slavic alphabet there is the face of God,
Let's take care of our native language,
Since Russian speech is not dearer to us!!!

(dedication from O. Kanashova, member of the “Samara Fates” website)

“HISTORY OF THE APPEARANCE OF SLAVIC WRITING The activities of Cyril and Methodius Moscow 2016 DAY OF SLAVIC WRITING May 24 in Russia...”

College of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation

HISTORY OF ORIGIN

SLAVIC

WRITINGS

Activities of Cyril and Methodius

Moscow 2016

DAY OF SLAVIC WRITING

Slavic writing and culture

The holiday is known as Remembrance Day

first teachers Slavic peoples- saints

brothers Cyril and Methodius.

The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is the only state church holiday in Russia, which state and public organizations hold together with the Russian Orthodox Church.

The memory of the holy enlighteners has been honored since the 11th century. Then the celebration was forgotten.

It was restored only in 1863, when it was customary to remember the Slovenian educators on May 11 (24 BC).

DAY OF SLAVIC WRITING

THE BEGINNING OF WRITING

Thanks to a whole series of historical evidence, we know about the beginning of Slavic writing and about its creators - Saints Cyril and Methodius.

Language and writing are perhaps the most important culture-forming factors.

How do we know about the educational activities of the brothers Cyril and Methodius and about the beginning of Slavic writing?

SAINT CYRILL

great Who created letters for you or translated books, abilities. In That everyone knows and, answering, they have comprehended perfection and say:

all the sciences of his Saint Constantine the Philosopher, of time, and also named Cyril, studied many languages, He created letters for us and translated books. He changed the Greek alphabet and on its basis created the Slavic alphabet.

With the help of his brother St. Methodius, Cyril compiled the Slavic alphabet (Glagolitic) in 6 months and translated church books into Slavic. The followers of the brothers, based on the Glagolitic alphabet, compiled a new alphabet, which was called the Cyrillic alphabet after the name of one of the brothers, St. Cyril.

STORY

Byzantine city of Thessaloniki (Thessaloniki). Their father, named Leo, “of good birth and rich,” was a drungari, that is, an officer, under the strategos (military and civil governor) of the theme of Thessalonica. There were seven sons in the family, with Methodius (this is a monastic name) the eldest, and Konstantin (Cyril) the youngest of them.

According to the most widespread version in science, Cyril and Methodius were Greek origin. Bulgarian tradition calls the brothers Bulgarians.

–  –  –

The Orthodox mission of Cyril and Methodius also became a decisive factor for the formation of a single cultural space of the Slavic peoples.

The greatest merit of Cyril and Methodius to Slavic world It also consisted in the fact that they tried to leave their students everywhere - continuers of the work of enlightening the Slavic peoples. Their students continued Orthodox mission in Moravia and Panonia, and through the next link of successors, the Cyril and Methodius book traditions reached southern Poland, Slovenia, Croatia and Bulgaria.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Similar works:

“State budgetary cultural institution of the Arkhangelsk region “Arkhangelsk Museum of Local Lore” Topic: Historical and cultural environment of the city Topic: museum and educational lesson “SHIP...”

“A revolution in learning Teach the world to learn in a new way Gordon Draiden Jeannette Voe MOSCOW PARVINE CONTENTS Preface by A. G. Puzanovsky to the Russian edition 14 Preface by M. V. Hansen 16 The events of September 11, 2001 pose a new challenge to the world Introduction 19 The newest revolution in history: The Birth of the Worldwide Learning Network Chapter 1...”

“REVIEWS / REVIEWS ANDRE LAX: “PRE-SOCRATICS” AS A TERM IN THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY K. V. REICHERT Odessa National University, Ukraine [email protected] KONSTANTYN RAYHERT Odessa National University, Ukraine ANDRE LAKS: THE “PRESOCRATICS” AS THE TERM OF HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY ABSTRACT: Building u...”

“A Week in Islamic History (28 Jumada I04 Jumada II) Damir Khairuddin www.guliyev.org/facts www.musulmanin.com/author/damir 13-634. The Battle of Ajnadein 28 Jumada al-Ula 13 A.H. (July 30 (August 2) 634) near the Palestinian city of Ra...”

“OPTIONAL COURSE IN GERMAN LITERATURE (GRADES 7-9) German literature belongs to the most developed European literatures. Throughout its history, it has been closely connected with the life of the people; reflected in it...”

“St. Petersburg State University Faculty of Physics Scientific School of E.F. Gross (to the 70th anniversary of the Department of Solid State Physics) St. Petersburg 2008 ABSTRACT The book is dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Department of Solid State Physics (until 1987 the Department of Molecular Physics.. ."

“Bulach Imadutdinovich Gadzhiev Daughters of Dagestan http://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=8673615 Bulach Imadutdinovich Gadzhiev. Daughters of Dagestan: Publishing House "Epoch"; Makhachkala; 2012 ISBN 978-5-98390-104-9 Abstract Bulach Imadutdinovich G...”

Up to 10 thousand people are expected by the organizers of the festive concert on Red Square in Moscow, which will be held on the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture on Tuesday, May 24, 2016 - the day of remembrance of the Saints Equal to the Apostles Kirill And Methodius.

These figures were presented at a press conference on May 18 by the head of the military orchestra service of the Russian Armed Forces, chief military conductor, Lieutenant General Valery Khalilov, RIA Novosti reports.

At the same time, he recalled that in previous years, when the holiday took place on weekends, the concert on Red Square attracted up to 20 thousand people.

“Due to the fact that it will be a weekday, this year there will be about 10 thousand, probably, or a little more,” noted Valery Khalilov.

Let us remind you that on Tuesday, May 24, 2016 - on the day of remembrance of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Equal-to-the-Apostles, Slovenian teachers - the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture will be celebrated.

The center of celebrations that His Holiness Patriarch Kirill, according to tradition, will be the Red Square of Moscow, with direct inclusions from Novosibirsk, Kaliningrad and Kazan.

The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is dedicated to the Day of Remembrance of the Creators of Slavic Literature - the Saints brothers equal to the apostles Cyril and Methodius. On this day, many Slavic countries hold holiday concerts and events dedicated to this event.

In Russia, the holiday is celebrated annually in accordance with the Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated January 30, 1991. Since 2010, Moscow has become the center of festive celebrations.

All educational institutions and educated people celebrate the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture, let's talk in more detail about this holiday.

When is the date of the day of memory of Cyril and Methodius

The holiday of Slavic writing and culture is celebrated annually by Slavic states. It falls on May 24, is cultural and religious, dedicated, in part, to Cyril and Methodius, who became the founders of Slavic writing.

History of the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture

Constantine, who was given the name Cyril at baptism, and his brother Methodius belonged to a noble Slavic family. They lived in the 9th century, were born in the city of Thessaloniki, and were Orthodox. In the middle of the 9th century, the Byzantine monarch sent the brothers to the Khazar Khaganate to convert people to Christianity, which they succeeded in doing. Later (862) the Moravian monarch invited them to Moravia, where the Slavic alphabet was developed. Cyril and Methodius translated the most important religious books into Slavic - the Gospel and the Psalter. The church canonized the brothers in the 9th century, and in Russia they began to celebrate the day of their memory only in 1863, setting it on May 11 (according to the new style - May 24). The holiday of Slavic culture and literature in the USSR acquired its name in 1985, but its date remained unchanged. Bulgaria was the first to introduce the tradition of celebrating this holiday, which even today honors it more than other countries.

The basis of Greek writing was the Phoenician alphabet, which, in turn, was taken as the basis for the Latin alphabet. Greek writing became the basis of Slavic writing. A special contribution to its creation was made by Konstantin (Kirill). Methodius was a devoted assistant for him.

It is known that the brothers invented two types of alphabet - Cyrillic and Glagolitic. The second one was created earlier, but due to its complexity and ornateness, it did not take root, unlike the Cyrillic alphabet, created a little later.

The Slavic language quickly spread among the southern Slavs - Serbs, Bulgarians, Croats; Eastern Slavs - Ukrainians, Russians, Belarusians; Western Slavs - Slovaks, Czechs. He became the progenitor of all modern languages Slavic group.

With the invention of writing, Cyril and Methodius made the greatest contribution to the development of culture and literature of the Slavic peoples.

In Russia, a city was chosen annually for the celebration, which is the symbolic capital of the celebration. This continued until 2009, when the Moscow Patriarch made a proposal to celebrate the holiday on a larger scale. Since 2010, Moscow has become the capital of the holiday of Slavic literature and culture.

Traditions of celebrating Memorial Day in memory of Cyril and Methodius

The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is usually celebrated with cultural and scientific events - festivals, scientific forums, exhibitions, poetry evenings, book fairs, concerts, etc.

The celebration will not pass educational institutions where quizzes, competitions, literary readings. Seminars and forums dedicated to the history of Slavic peoples are dedicated to this day.

On this holiday, pupils, students, and adults honor the memory of Cyril and Methodius by laying flowers at their monuments. A mandatory event on this day is listening and singing the anthem in honor of the enlighteners.

The memory of Cyril and Methodius is also honored in churches, where services dedicated to them are held on May 24. On this day, restored churches and monuments to educators are opened.

Saints Equal to the Apostles Kirill(in the world - Konstantin) and Methodius(in the world - Michael), whose memory the Church celebrates on May 24, were siblings. They were born into a pious military family under the ruler of the city of Thessalonica. The family had seven sons. Mikhail is the eldest, Kirill is the youngest. Having matured, the young men left parents' house. And for some time their paths diverged...

At the age of 27, Mikhail was appointed “to the Slavic reign” and showed himself to be a wise ruler. But he was burdened by the vanity of life. Having abandoned his reign, at the age of 37 he entered a monastery, taking monastic vows and taking the name Methodius.

From early childhood, Konstantin spent hours reading books. After graduating from Magnavra University, the highest court school in Constantinople, Konstantin taught philosophy there. Constantine became famous for his victory in theological disputes with the leader of the iconoclasts, former patriarch Ammiem.

Life at court did not suit Constantine and he, deciding to join his brother, retired to a monastery. But in 850, the emperor and patriarch sent the brothers on a mission to Bulgaria. With their preaching they convert many Bulgarians to Christianity.

In 862, the emperor called two brothers to a new, Moravian mission. Having learned that in these lands there is no Holy Scripture in their native language, Constantine said: “Who can write a conversation on water?” and set about compiling the Slavic alphabet. In 863, the brothers created the Glagolitic alphabet. The first years of life in Thessaloniki, where in addition to Greek, they also spoke Slavic, were of great help to them.

Constantine and Methodius translated Scripture and a row liturgical books into the "folk" language. Later, based on the Greek alphabet of the learned brothers, Saint Clement of Ohrid created the Cyrillic alphabet, which penetrated from Bulgaria through Serbia to Kievan Rus.

Political upheavals forced the brothers to interrupt their mission and go to Rome: it was necessary to defend the possibility of worship in the Slavic language. In 869, Constantine died, taking the schema and a new monastic name - Cyril. After 16 years, Methodius also reposed in the Lord. Methodius' funeral service was held in three languages, including Slavic.

Equal to the Apostles Cyril and Methodius, Slovenian teachers, are saints of the undivided Church and are revered both in the West and in the East. In Russia, in memory of their joint feat of enlightening the Slavs, the celebration of the holy brothers was established on one day. On this day, May 24, Russia celebrates the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture.