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Introduction

Sooner or later, every person, at least at certain moments in life, begins to think about the meaning of his existence and spiritual development.

In the spiritual sphere, the most important difference between man and other living beings is born and realized - spirituality. Man, his spirit and his culture are the crown and goal of the universe... Man becomes fully human only in the process of culture, and only in it, at its peaks, do the highest aspirations and possibilities find expression.

The spiritual personality constitutes that invisible core, the core of our “I”, on which everything rests. These are internal mental states that reflect aspirations towards certain spiritual values and ideals. They may not be fully realized, but one way or another, caring for the “soul” is the quintessence of personal development.

The spiritual world of the individual expresses the inextricable connection between the individual and society. A person enters a society that has a certain spiritual fund, which he has to master in life. The path of spiritual development of a person is endless...

Thus, relevance there is no doubt about the topic.

Purpose of this essay: a comprehensive study and characterization of the spiritual world of the individual.

The spiritual world of man, the worldview of man

Various images of things and processes of the natural and social world form the spiritual, ideal world of man. However, for any person and society as a whole, it is more or less orderly, systematic, and integral. In the spiritual world, related feelings, ideas, thoughts are grouped, forming ethical, aesthetic, religious, legal and other spheres. A more or less holistic and stable system of a person’s view of the world or his place in this world constitutes the core of a person’s spiritual world - a worldview.

Being a developing and historical formation, the spiritual world is dynamic both in the content of various images of things and in the proportions of these spheres. It is known that the moral values of good and evil, the key ideas, are beautiful.

The ugly - exists with the advent of a reasonable person.

Whereas political and legal concepts - law, state, revolution, spiritual - are the formation of relatively recent times.

But the spiritual world of man and worldview are multi-component not only in the subject of reflection - in the variety of spheres of human activity, but also in the nature and depth of their ideas in the human mind.

It is obvious that at the initial stages of the development of man and society, the worldview forms feelings and affects that give primitive and illusory ideas about the phenomena of the world in mythological images.

In myths, a person animates natural and social phenomena, trying to understand their connections in specific relationships between people and animals. A much later historical form of worldview is religion, based on people’s belief in the supernatural, absolutely independent of the real world, eternal and omnipotent.

And philosophy appears as a very young form of worldview - a worldview, a highly abstract, conceptual reflection of everything in common, the most general laws of reality.

It cannot be assumed that the forms of worldview clearly replace each other with the development of history and the spiritual world of man. Let's say, the emergence of philosophy two or three thousand years ago did not mean at all that all of humanity had mastered a philosophical worldview - the overwhelming number of people were captive of a mythological and religious worldview.

And today, in the twenty-first century, a developed worldview is the property of a relatively small part of people.

The mass consciousness of dependence on the historical, economic, political circumstances of a particular society constitutes a worldview, a worldview, a worldview that is distantly related to a developed worldview, to a harmonious system of philosophical and scientific concepts.

The global problem of our time has modified the structure of the worldview of modern man - anthropocentrism, the refraction of everything through the eyes of a person through the prism of his interests, utilitarianism, are replaced by new values that contribute, first of all, to the conservation of nature.

Ecological culture and bioethics are becoming increasingly important in the content of the worldview.

Values, main types of life strategies in modern society. Strategy for well-being, success and self-realization.

A person evaluates the facts of his life according to their significance and implements value-based attitudes towards the world. The specificity of a person lies precisely in his value attitude towards the world. Value is for a person everything that has a certain significance, personal or social meaning for him. We deal with value where we are talking about the native, holy, preferable, dear, perfect, when we praise and scold something, admit and deny, admire and be indignant at something.

Despite the fact that there is no instrument that would measure values, they are measured quite successfully.

Morality is a historically established system of written laws, the main value form of social consciousness, which reflects generally accepted standards and assessment of human actions.

Morality is manifested in a person’s attitude towards his family, his people, his homeland, and other nations. It also extends to the relationship of the individual to himself. If a person engages in self-torture or commits suicide, society condemns him: a person is a public property. And society requires a person to treat himself in accordance with the interests of society:

Maintained my health;

Worked;

He behaved with dignity.

Over the millennia, universal human values have been developed - family, home, education, good work, friends and social circle, peaceful life, a fair society, love for one's neighbor, etc.

Among the various forms of the human psyche, the most important is the will, the self-regulation of the subject’s activities, which manifests itself as determination, determination, and self-control.

In the world of human value orientations, faith, the act of accepting something as a positive value, is of enduring importance. Faith as a value phenomenon has its own gradations, and we find the ideal to be its highest level.

A person, by virtue of his imagination, creates an image of the desired future. He sets goals. A goal is an anticipation of the result of a social action. An ideal is the highest value and the goal corresponding to it.

Along with positive values, there are, of course, their antipodes: misanthropy, acquisitiveness, the cult of power, and permissiveness.

Each person’s world of values is specific, which explains the diversity of people’s life strategies; life guidelines are especially diverse in modern society. But they can be grouped into three types: strategies for well-being, success and self-realization.

All three values are worthy of people's goals and can be combined in one life destiny. But more often than not, one of them prevails, attracts and captivates more than others.

Bringing to the forefront family comfort, a good, financially secure life provides the ideal of, perhaps, the overwhelming majority of our contemporaries - a strategy of well-being. There are many supporters of the success strategy - those who prefer power, fame, public life in plain sight.

There are significantly fewer adherents of the self-realization strategy - those who “listen” to themselves, are attentive and respectful of their abilities, and see the meaning of life in their implementation.

At the same time, a person’s fate can develop differently - an unnoticed, ordinary life without flashy achievements and recognition, material acquisitions, although all this is not excluded - it is important that this strategy is selfless...

Conclusion

The spiritual life of man and society was formed in the process of long historical development, based on the history of both one’s own country and the historical experience of other countries and associations. After all, a person not only adapts to external conditions, but creates new things: first in his thinking and imagination, and then in reality. Before taking any action, you need to properly weigh its consequences and the purpose for which it is performed.

By observing the actions and behavior of other people, a person learns to analyze the situation, form his own point of view and form his own opinion. Our inner world is a set of knowledge, assessments, values and beliefs with which we express our attitude towards the environment.

The most important component of an individual’s consciousness and psychology is self-awareness - a person’s awareness of himself as an individual, his moral character and interests, values and motives of behavior. It is through self-awareness that we not only determine our place in the world, but also carry out self-determination and self-esteem.

Spirituality is the value guidelines of an individual and the entire society as a whole. The level of a person’s spirituality depends on his upbringing, conscious attitude towards himself and his life, social circle, interests and personal preferences.

Spirituality is not only knowledge, but the method and purpose of its application, and how satisfied a person will be with his activities depends on its correct application, as well as the application of life experience.

List of used literature:

1. Bessonov B.N. Civil society and spiritual development of personality // B.N. Bessonov, V.V. Dubitsky. - Omsk: OSU, 2002. - 296 p.

2.Botvinova A.V. Spiritual activity and personality formation // A.V. Botvinova. - M.: Publishing house "Scientific Book", 2003. - 235 p.

3. Klimenko A.V. Social studies: Textbook for schoolchildren Art. class and those entering universities // A.V. Klimenko, V.V. Romanian. - 4th ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2004. - 480 p.

4. Man and Society: Textbook for students // L.N. Bogolyubov, L.F. Ivanova, A.Yu. Lazebnikova and others - 3rd ed. edited - M.: Education, 2001. - 400 p.

5. M. I. Abdulaev, Doctor of Law, Professor. // Social studies for schoolchildren and applicants, Moscow, 2004 - 542 p.

The spiritual world of a person means the possession of important personal qualities: the desire for the height of one’s ideals and thoughts, which determine the direction of all activities. Spirituality includes warmth and friendliness in relationships between people. The spiritual world of a person includes knowledge, faith, feelings, needs, abilities, aspirations, and goals of people.

A person’s spiritual life is impossible without experiences: joy, optimism or despondency, faith or disappointment. It is human nature to strive for self-knowledge and self-improvement. The range of spiritual culture accumulated by humanity gives each person an unlimited opportunity to choose spiritual values that best suit his attitudes, tastes, abilities and living conditions.

The main thing in a person’s spiritual culture is an active, creative attitude towards life, towards nature, other people, towards oneself.

A sign of a person’s spiritual culture is readiness for dedication and self-development. The pursuit of knowledge and increasing the level of human intelligence should be aimed at the benefit of others.

The spiritual (or inner) world of a person is the totality of his internal, mental processes (sensations, perceptions, emotions, feelings, will, memory, reason, level of knowledge, spiritual interests, life positions, value orientations). If, in principle, it is possible to find people identical in biological characteristics (twins), then there are no two people with the same spiritual world. The spiritual world of a person is what determines his uniqueness and uniqueness, makes him a person. The basis of a person’s spiritual world is worldview.

Worldview in the broad sense of the word includes the totality of all views on the world - on natural phenomena, society, and human phenomena. There are different types of worldview:

ordinary (or everyday). It is formed under the influence of life circumstances and is based on personal experience;
religious. It is based on a person’s religious views, ideas and beliefs;
scientific. It is formed on the basis of the achievements of modern science, reflects the scientific picture of the world, the results of modern scientific knowledge;
humanistic. It is spoken of more as a goal than as a reality. The humanistic worldview combines the best aspects of the scientific worldview with ideas about social justice, environmental safety, and moral ideals.

By worldview we can understand the method and result of mastering the world, a person’s formulation of his attitude to this world. The core of a person's worldview is values.

Values are specifically social definitions of objects in the surrounding world, revealing their positive significance for humans and society. The common basis of values and anti-values are the concepts of good and evil, reflecting, respectively, the possibilities of satisfying the healthy or vicious needs of people. Higher spiritual values play an important role in the formation of one or another type of worldview. Thus, the value of faith for a given individual can be determined by his religious worldview, the value of truth - natural science, the value of beauty and perfection - aesthetic worldview, the value of goodness and justice - moral.

Depending on the values, a life strategy is formed. This could be a well-being strategy, e.g. complete satisfaction with material goods. The strategy of success and prestige in the social hierarchy can motivate a person to a certain line of behavior, sometimes even to the detriment of material well-being. The strategy of self-realization and spiritual improvement often determines the ascetic model of human behavior. Life strategy, therefore, depends on the values and worldview of a person and, ultimately, is determined by the purpose and meaning of life set by a given individual. The problem of the meaning of life is real only when the question is raised about the integrity of life, about the relationship between its beginning and end. The problem of death and what comes after life gives particular relevance to the question of the purpose of existence. As one historian puts it, death is a great component of culture, a screen on which all life's values are projected.

The spiritual world of the individual (human microcosm) is a holistic and at the same time contradictory phenomenon. This is a complex system, the elements of which are:

spiritual needs in understanding the world around us, in self-expression through the means of culture, art, other forms of activity, in using cultural achievements, etc.;
knowledge about nature, society, man, oneself;
belief in the truth of those beliefs that a person shares;
performances;
beliefs that determine human activity in all its manifestations and spheres;
values that underlie a person’s relationship to the world and himself, giving meaning to his activities, reflecting his ideals;
abilities for certain forms of social activity;
feelings and emotions that express his relationship with nature and society;
goals that he consciously sets for himself.

The spiritual world of the individual (human microcosm) is a holistic and at the same time contradictory phenomenon. This is a complex system, the elements of which are:

1) spiritual needs in understanding the world around us, in self-expression through the means of culture, art, other forms of activity, in using cultural achievements, etc.;

2) knowledge about nature, society, man, oneself;

3) beliefs, strong views based on a worldview and defining human activity in all its manifestations and spheres;

4) belief in the truth of those beliefs that a person shares (i.e., unsubstantiated recognition of the correctness of a particular position);

5) ability for certain forms of social activity;

6) feelings and emotions that express a person’s relationship with nature and society;

7) goals that a person consciously sets for himself, ideally anticipating the results of his activities;

8) the values that underlie a person’s relationship to the world and himself, giving meaning to his activities, reflecting his ideals.

Values are the subject of a person’s aspirations and are the most important point of the meaning of his life. There are social values - public ideals that serve as the standard of what is proper in various spheres of public life, and personal values - the ideals of an individual, serving as one of the sources of motivation for his behavior. Values are historical in nature; they change with changes in the content and forms of life. However, modern civilization has approached the possibility of developing universal human values, which are based on humanism. Universal human values reflect the spiritual experience of all humanity and create conditions for the realization of universal human interests (i.e., the universal needs of people that are inherent in them regardless of national, age, religious, class or other differences). Universal human values acquire priority over group values, ensuring the full existence and development of each individual.

An important element of a person’s spiritual world is his worldview, which is understood as a set of generalized views on objective reality and man’s place in it, on people’s attitude towards the surrounding reality and themselves, as well as the beliefs, principles, ideas and ideals determined by these views. The subjects (carriers) of a particular worldview are individuals, groups of people and society as a whole.

The nature of the worldview is determined by the level of historical development of society, the state of its culture, which is why the worldview of a medieval person is so different from a modern one. However, the worldview of people, even living in the same society, is different. This depends on their personal qualities, and on the conditions for the formation of their worldview, and on belonging to various social groups.

There are several types of worldview:

1) everyday (or everyday), which is based on personal experience and is formed under the influence of life circumstances;

2) religious, which is based on a person’s religious views, ideas and beliefs;

3) scientific, which is based on the achievements of modern science and reflects the scientific picture of the world, the results of modern scientific knowledge;

4) humanistic, combining the best aspects of the scientific worldview with ideas about social justice, environmental safety and moral ideal.

The spiritual world of a person cannot be seen, heard, or embraced. For many, it is surreal and real at the same time. Different religions and philosophical movements offer their own visions of this concept. In Christian anthropology, spirituality also has a very important place. Spirit is an integral part of man.

The spiritual world of man - what is it?

There is even such a brief explanation: the spiritual world is what makes a person a person.

Each of us is unique, different from the other not only in the shape of our eyes or a mole on the right cheek, but also in our thoughts, views on life, behavior in various situations, tastes.

All this gives us the opportunity to judge the components of the spiritual world, which usually include faith, will, views, beliefs, perceptions, feelings, values, goals, aspirations, memory, etc.

It is impossible to talk about the degree of development of these categories, but still subjectively we identify people with a rich spiritual - inner - world.

We also widely use the concept of “worldview” - a human view of the world. This is all also very individual, it can be changed, “expanding one’s horizons.”

The spiritual world of man and religion

Whatever religion we take, it will have its own understanding of the spiritual world of man.

Open the Bible or the Koran - and you will read about the creation of man and the gift of the spirit of life, look at Buddhism with its spiritual practices or Judaism, the mystical teaching of Kabbalah with the idea of five spiritual worlds - all one way or another refer to this concept.

Christian anthropology has developed its own idea. Man is tripartite. It consists of body, soul and spirit.
The body is the external thing that we pay attention to first.

The soul is sometimes identified with the spirit. But in fact, she acts as an intermediary between the other two parts.
Spirit is an uncreated substance. This is exactly what you won’t see or hear. That which is immortal. That which is most connected with the Creator. Something without which a person cannot be whole. What influences our thoughts, views, actions.

It is sad that the modern fussy person cares primarily about food and clothing, not realizing that this is only part of him. Therefore, we must not forget to nourish the spirit, spiritual world of man.