Natural fatalism. Fatalism in history

Since ancient times, people have tried to find an explanation for what they did not understand. Gods, mythical creatures, superstitions - all this was relevant only because the knowledge of those times did not allow adequately explaining now simple things. For example, why the sun sets or why there are storms in the seas. At the same time, such a concept as fatalism appeared.

What is fatalism

The definition of this term translated from Latin means "predetermined by fate". According to the adherents of this worldview, any action that takes place in the world is part of a scenario that cannot be influenced.

Despite the fact that as a worldview fatalism is a fairly common phenomenon, "convinced fatalists" do not exist as such. A good example of this is Stephen Hawking's very apt quote: "I noticed that even those who believe in fate look around when they cross the road."

Types of fatalism

There are three main types of fatalism:

• Household, or philistine.
• Theological.
• Rationalistic.

Everyday, or philistine, fatalism

Everyday pessimism is synonymous with fatalism. It implies the influence of a "dark" fate on a person. This opinion arises in all people to one degree or another. Each person at least once complained about fate because of various troubles that arise in life.

Most often, the manifestation of philistine fatalism is facilitated by the troubles that arise against the background of stress. At such moments, a person seeks to shift the blame for this or that incident onto other people. If this is not possible, then the blame is shifted to unknown forces that allegedly contributed to the failure.

Theological fatalism

Theological fatalism means the influence of an almighty deity on all processes taking place on earth. Fatalism of fate, in a theological sense, means that everything was originally predetermined by God, who distributes and writes fate. With this type of fatalism, people susceptible to this opinion try to find support for their actions, referring to an already predetermined fate. In addition, adherents of this opinion try to give their lives some meaning - everything that happened in their life is not an accident and was predetermined from the very beginning.

Theological fatalism divides adherents into two camps:

1. Those who believe in the concept of absolute predestination (Augustinism, Calvinism, Jansenism).
2. Those in whose ideas freedom of will is combined with fate (Catholicism, Orthodoxy).

According to the first group, God, even before the birth of each person, wrote the script of their life, and also distributed the souls of those who will go to hell, and, conversely, those who will go to heaven. The adherents of this opinion completely deny the free will of a person and responsibility for his actions.

Theological fatalism in philosophy is a phenomenon that is applicable to almost all religions, but in some of them, in particular in Orthodoxy and Catholicism, the issue of such a rigid selection is considered from a different point of view. These teachings say that each person is free to decide for himself what to do, and on the basis of his choice it will be decided whether his soul will be saved in paradise or will go to hell. However, if we take the complete history of Christianity, then its whole concept is deeply fatalistic, since the future is already prescribed in the Apocalypse.

Rationalistic fatalism

Rationalistic fatalism, or also logical fatalism, is the view that what is happening now is the result of all past decisions. For the first time this essence of fatalism was expressed by the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus. He established that since everything that happens in this world has its own cause, then accidents as such do not exist. In other words, this type implies a continuous connection of all causes and effects that appear without fail. Every decision made by a person in life led him to the fact that he is in this place and at this time. This means almost the same as in the case of theological fatalism, with the only difference that the role of God is a necessary consequence, which will occur in any case.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, a new direction of this type of fatalism emerged. It implied a person's genetic predisposition to deviant behavior. This opinion established a connection between the criminal inclinations of parents and their children. In other words, some character traits can be inherited and affect human behavior.

Mechanical determinism

Mechanical determinism served as the basis for the emergence of such a concept as rationalistic fatalism. This is the principle, which consists of the following: if there is a separately taken point, its speed, location and direction are known, then you can absolutely determine exactly where and when this point will be located. In fact, this is just a conventional mechanical graph. But this principle can be applied to philosophy as well. If we take the point for a person, then according to the ensuing events in the course of his movement, his fate can be determined. The only problem with this theory is that such calculations are beyond the control of humans; a special "observer" is needed to carry them out.

The adherents of fatalism believe that reason and necessity are one whole, any accidents in human life are called such only because of a lack of knowledge that would cause this or that event. Especially mechanical fatalism is seen in the works of the French philosopher Paul Holbach. One of his statements reads: "Even in the chaos of a storm, there is not a single speck of dust that is located there by chance and has no reason to be there, and act as it does."

Early fatalism

Fatalism is a phenomenon that in its early stages developed in mythology. It was viewed as the inevitable dependence of people and even gods on fate, which had no purpose and was not subject to anyone. At the time of the emergence of this worldview, fate was put even higher than the power of the gods.

In ancient Greece, they believed in the existence of three "special" goddesses, goddesses of fate. Clotho, Lachesis and Atropos. The first goddess weaved the threads of fate, the second determined the lot, and the third at one time broke the threads. According to the myths of the ancient Greeks, nothing could change the fate determined by these goddesses.

Mythological fatalism in philosophy is precisely what gave rise to many other occult teachings, such as astrology. Despite the extinct interest in fatalism among most people, in comparison with the past, various practices that emerged from astrology are very popular today: horoscopes, fortune-telling and others.

Fatalism today

This worldview was especially prevalent in the early stages of the development of society. Nowadays it is not so popular for several reasons. First, many philosophers do not recognize the influence of so-called fate on creative processes. It is believed that the process of creation cannot be a predetermined event. Art, music, literature - all this is created spontaneously, under the influence of illumination, inspiration. Therefore, for any creative person it is an insult to write off all his results on fate.

Secondly, science. Every scientific discovery was influenced by hundreds of different factors and accidents, and the chance that all inventions are just planned events is too mystical and incredible. And even if scientific discoveries develop according to the written scenario, then any decisions in a person's life become only an illusion of choice.

from lat. fatalis - determined by fate) - faith in fate; a worldview according to which everything should be done the way that blind fate (fate) wants, and a person cannot change anything in this fate (see also Determinism).

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

FATALISM

from lat. fatalis - predetermined by fate, fatal), a worldview that considers every event and every human act as an inevitable realization of the original predestination, which excludes free choice and chance. Three main types of F. can be distinguished. Mythological, and later everyday, philistine F. understands predestination as an irrational dark fate; theological F. - as the will of an almighty deity; rationalistic philosophy (merging with mechanistic determinism) as an inexorable cohesion of causes and effects within a closed causal system. The first type of F. was ubiquitous at the dawn of culture; later it is pushed aside to the periphery of thought, is expressed in "occult" doctrines such as astrology, revives in decaying or transitional epochs (late antiquity, Late Renaissance, etc. - up to astrological hobbies in the bourgeois society of the 20th century), is subjected to rethinking in an irrationalistic philosophy of life (O. Spengler) and its epigones (E. Jünger, G. Benn, theorists of fascism). Theological F., teaching that even before birth, God predetermined some people "to salvation" and others "to destruction," received a particularly consistent expression in Islam (the doctrine of the Jabarites, formulated in the disputes of the 7th-7th centuries), in some Christian heresies of the Middle Ages ( at Gottschalk, IX century). in Calvinism and Jansenism; orthodox theology of Orthodoxy and Catholicism is hostile to him. The combination of theological philosophy with the rationalistic one is observed in G. Python. Rationalistic philosophy in its pure form is characteristic of Democritus, for B. Spinoza, T. Hobbes, and other representatives of mechanistic determinism (for example, Laplace's doctrine of the unlimited possibility of reasoning about all future events from a complete knowledge of the action of the forces of nature at the present moment). A late and philosophical empty version of rationalistic F., the idea of ​​the fatal predestination of a person to criminal behavior by his hereditary biological constitution (C. Lombroso), fashionable at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

A fatalist is a subject who believes in the inevitability and inevitability of every action, that everything is determined by fate. In other words, he believes that his whole life is predetermined and nothing depends on the decision of the person himself. A fatalist is an individual who believes in fate, the irrevocability of fate, who always relies on the fatal predetermination of each of our actions. Thus, fatalists categorically reject the free will of the individual, flee from responsibility for their deed. A fatalist is a person who blindly follows evil fate, that all events are predetermined from above long before birth, and at the present time they only have to find their expression.

Who is a fatalist

The presence of diversity in the interpretation of this term does not become an obstacle to the formation of its essence.

The meaning of the word fatalist in the total view is an individual resigned to fate, convinced of the predetermination of his life. In Latin there is the concept of fatalis - fatal, in English fate - destiny. A person with a fatalistic worldview is unshakably convinced that it is impossible to change anything in his life, the maximum can only be predicted.

An individual with a fatalistic ideology follows the path of irresponsibility for his own actions, contemplating events in his own life from the outside, does not try to make any efforts to influence what is happening. It is as if a person is flowing with the flow with a route established by fate called life, knowing that falls, pitfalls await him, but makes absolutely no attempts to “go ashore”. He convinces himself of strict observance of the rules drawn up by the forces from above.

Is the meaning of the word fatalist primarily describing a person? an integral part of which is belief in fate, the fate of fate.

Psychologists focus on the fact that the existing pattern in the behavior of fatalists still has its own differences. They suggest the existence of several types of worldview of such people:

- everyday life - followers of such a worldview are clearly pessimistic, tend to shift the blame for their own failures onto other people. If this is meaningless, the charges fall on the higher powers, which are undoubtedly hostile against this individual. Often, everyday fatalism manifests itself against the background of troubles and stress. The consequences of stressful situations negatively affect the emotional state, which prompts the individual to shift the blame onto another;

- theological - adherents of this branch are inclined to ascribe divine significance to higher powers, it is they who predetermine everything that happens on Earth. It is believed that every human life is predetermined by God, it is he who determines all the tests for each individual. All the events that take place on the path of a fatalist are not accidental and necessary. In turn, two subspecies are distinguished here: fatalists in whose worldview there is the concept of absolute predetermination (Calvinism, Augustinianism), according to the conviction of these individuals, all scenarios of life were written before the birth of a person, and it was already predetermined in hell or in heaven his soul and fatalists will go for whom fate is combined with free will;

- logical - such a worldview has a starting point in Ancient Greece. The philosopher Democritus describes this as a consequence of previous events and human actions, since, according to his opinion, absolutely everything has a root cause. This kind of worldview is the result of a "causal" relationship. If there is a consequence (a situation in a specified place, at a specified time), then this was preceded by a chain of certain actions in the past. There are no coincidences, they do not exist a priori. In contrast to the theological worldview of the fatalist, here the function of God is performed by an inevitable consequence that will happen under any circumstances.

Fatalist beliefs

A fatalist is a person who completely and completely sacrifices himself into the hands of fate. Ego behavior is reflected in psychological changes that leave a mark on his worldview:

- the person fatalist is compared with. This way of life assumes not expecting absolutely nothing good in your future;

- this kind of person does not believe in their own strengths and capabilities, they oppose belief in freedom of choice;

- a person rejects the concept of randomness, everything in the world happens with one hundred percent probability, all actions are a series of prescribed events;

- I am convinced that he does not bear the burden of responsibility, he is like an instrument controlled by the fate of fate;

- superstition, a trait inherent in this way of life. The desire to contemplate the future using predictions, horoscopes, numerology.

The behavior inherent in a person as a fatalist is reflected in folk myths, in which a thread of inevitability can be traced: a special fate was intended for everyone, the need to follow a path determined from above. It was believed that such a worldview helps the individual in certain situations. If we take into account that such a person ignores any danger in his life path (after all, this is all a decision of fate), then this is the image of a brave warrior who is not afraid to go into battle. Despite this, it was the ignorance of danger that led many fatalist people to hasten their own tragic end.

A fatalist is a person who, following convictions, often puts himself in danger and becomes the object (victim) of a crime. In such situations, the behavior of fatalists crosses a fine line, transforming into pride. Filled with dignity, he will more easily accept death than admit his own in front of others. Unconditional examples of this kind of action can be found in all epochs of human existence. Julius Caesar is a clear example of this, a number of signs and predictions warned of the impending danger, meanwhile, blinded, he turned away from them. And at the right time, at the appointed place, he was killed. An excellent example of a fatalist person can also be found in the literature of the eponymous novel "A Hero of Our Time" written by Lermontov.

In search of an answer to the question "who is a fatalist" under any conditions, a connection is found between the beliefs of a fatalist and free will. Indeed, for an individual with such a worldview, only his future is important, the anticipation of the future itself, the past and the present are insignificant. A person has the opportunity to make a choice, but the choice itself is already predetermined in advance.

Fatalists are not born from birth, an important aspect in the formation of a fatalistic worldview is education and the influence of the environment. If for a long time an individual does not cope with life situations, pays attention to the opinions of others, his psyche gradually begins to reject the possibility of an adequate analysis of the problem and ways of solving it. A person refuses to act in the direction of solving a problem, he is abandoned by faith in his own strength. He creates for himself such a psychological attitude, following which everything around is generalized and considered independent of human influence - destined for him. Modern society does not recognize the fatalist's worldview, does not regard it seriously, based on the possibilities of science and its limitlessness.

Another great system of Chinese philosophy was Taoism. Its founder, a contemporary of Confucius, the philosopher Lao Tzu (an old teacher) wrote the Tao Te Ching (Book of the Path and Virtue). One of the problems of philosophy has always been and remains to this day the question of the freedom of human will. What determines the life of each of us, more precisely, what mainly affects it: ourselves or something outside of us? Either everything is in our hands and we create our own life, or it obeys some other forces that are beyond our control. Two well-known statements perfectly illustrate the existence of the problem.

The first is that "everyone is the blacksmith of his own happiness", the second says - "you can't escape fate." The view by which we ourselves shape our personal life path can be called voluntarism (it all depends on our own will ), the opposite view - fatalism (from the Latin word "fate" - fate or fate that dominates people).

In the first case, it is said about the presence of freedom or free human will (what I want, I do it, everything depends only on me), in the second - about the absence of it and about the presence of dependence (whatever you do, it will still be as predetermined) ... Thus, if there is some kind of force or essence, or beginning, which is higher than us and much stronger, in subjection to which we are, then there is no point in relying on ourselves, for this higher power has thought out and calculated everything for us, and our life will turn out as you like someone's boundless will, leading us in an unknown direction. If there is no given force, and only we exist with our own designs and calculations, everything will be as we want and suppose, since there is nothing above us, therefore, we behave in the direction we have chosen.

It turns out that fatalism necessarily presupposes a fate gravitating over us, the absence of which inevitably leads to voluntarism. Taoism says that human will in any case is not free and that only a fatalistic model of the universe is possible. If fate exists, then fatalism is supernatural (since this fate is a supreme and incomprehensible force), and if it does not exist, it turns out not voluntarism, but also fatalism, but only natural. Taoism is the teaching of natural fatalism. Its essence is as follows.

The fact of our appearance on Earth is already an act of our lack of freedom, because before our birth, no one asked us whether we wanted it or not. We were not allowed to choose - to be born or not to be born. Let's say someone didn't want to be born. So, for a Buddhist, earthly life is evil, and he would prefer not to be born at all. We were born and, whether we like it or not, we must reckon with the fact of our existence and obey it.

Further, did we choose our gender, heredity, parents, social environment and the historical era in which we were born? Didn't choose at all. We received all this unconditionally and authoritarianly and, therefore, again there is no need to talk about any personal freedom. And the upbringing that we received from the cradle, which shaped us, making us what we are now - did we choose it? No, it is also offered to us apart from our desires. If we didn’t choose it - it was it that made us what we are now - then we didn’t choose ourselves, and what we are now is a result completely independent of us.

Finally, does all of the above affect life, that is, does gender, heredity, environment, era, upbringing and everything else affect the human path? Of course, it influences, and even determines it, directs, shapes. You can cite many more other factors that also affect us. The sum of all factors will be the force that guides us in a certain direction and makes our life one way or another.

As a result, it turns out that no one chooses and cannot choose either himself or his own life path, because he himself and his life are offered to him, as it were, given to him, and with this everyone walks the earth, being unable to do anything - or change. Here it can be argued that a person still changes his own life, and examples of this statement are darkness. Suppose someone made a decision to change something. Why did he accept it? Due to some reasons and motives, that is, due to something. But this something, it means, was in him, was present. Where is it from? Trait? Feature of nature? Mentality? But we have just seen that both character and mind are a given, and a person does not choose them. Consequently, even if he made a decision to change something, he did it due to personal internal characteristics, and they do not depend on him, because they were set from the beginning, that is, he did not make this decision at all freely, and it was also predetermined, so how everything follows from the same set of factors that entails human life.

It seems to us that we act freely, that we choose something and can change something, but this is an illusion and self-delusion. A person and his existence is a grandiose sum of a huge number of circumstances, parameters or factors that determines, forms, sets the channel or track in which our life is moving in a strictly defined direction. Such a view is fatalism, but only here it is not a supernatural force that affects the human path, but the addition of all natural forces and circumstances leads a person's life in one direction. Therefore, we call this fatalism natural.

A man, say the Taoist philosophers, is the flight of an arrow: it moves to where the arrow's hand sent it and its movement depends on the degree of tension of the bowstring, on air resistance, on obstacles in its path. Of course, the direction of the arrow's flight may change: a strong wind blew, it rained, or it crashed into something, but is the arrow capable on one's own change the direction of your own movement, independently deviate in one direction or another, fly back or not fly at all? Therefore, human life flies in the direction that is set by the factors and conditions that form it, external parameters and circumstances that determine it, and it cannot arbitrarily change this direction. The path of life, given by the entire sum of external forces, is called Tao. This path is present in any thing, since every object of the world and its existence, like a person, is also the result of all possible factors. And the whole universe has its own Tao. If we add up absolutely all the things of our world, all the forces acting in it, all causes and effects in a grandiose and immense interaction and integrity, we get a single path - the Tao of our universe.

If human life is a given, then it is known from beginning to end: all you need to do is calculate all the factors and parameters that make up it. We simply cannot take everything into account, let alone calculate, since no one can grasp the immensity. That is why it seems to us that the result of our life is uncertain, in many respects accidental, and only the future will finally illuminate everything. In fact, everything that will happen is already well known, but not to us, as if the answer to the problem is placed at the end of the textbook - it is already there, ready, it follows from its condition, but the student has to solve the problem, go through all its points in sequence trying to get to the result.

The answer of our existence is also ready, since it follows from a given set of initial and current parameters, it is placed at the end of the book under the title "Our Life", only unknown to us due to our inability to comprehend analytically this set, which is why we think that there is no answer, and we delude ourselves that it depends on our actions, plans and designs.

Flip a coin: it can come up heads or tails. It seems to us that the loss of this or that is completely accidental and therefore unpredictable. But if we knew the initial position of the coin, the force of the push imparted to it, the number of its overturns in flight, the air resistance, the force of gravity and all other conditions of motion, if we could take them into account and calculate, then, for example, the tails falling out would be an event not accidental, but completely natural and not sudden, but quite expected and predetermined.

Natural fatalism speaks of paradoxical things: it turns out that life does not belong to us at all, since it, and we ourselves, are only the sum of factors and conditions beyond our control. Life happens to us, for us, and it seems to be done by our hands, but at the same time it is completely outside of us, outside of us and does not depend on us. Our own life is a theatrical performance, which we watch, like spectators from the audience, it happens to us, but at the same time it is an extravaganza that we look at from the outside. And even if we are the actors in this performance, we are not playing the script we have drawn up and not our chosen roles.

What remains for us? Calmly look at what is happening and indifferently wait for how it will end, see the course of your own life, which does not obey us in the least and not make senseless attempts to change anything in it. What is good about such an understanding of the world? Why is natural fatalism positive? It seems - nothing. In fact, the opposite is true: if nothing depends on me and I am a given set of parameters that develops on an independent path, then I am not at all to blame for my own failures, and there is no merit in my successes.

Whatever happens in life - good or bad - I have nothing to do with it, because it happened, it happened, it happened by itself, outside of me and against my will, because my life does not belong to me, and I myself do not mean anything in it can. Also, I do not strive for anything and do not avoid anything, because both are useless, I don’t owe anything to anyone and, most importantly, I don’t owe anything to myself.

Freedom from obligation, from tension, from struggle and pursuit of something that fill life with suffering, therefore, freedom from suffering is the result of natural fatalism. Freedom from desires and aspirations, hopes and despair, arising from inaction, is the greatest blessing that pacifies human life. I am the result of external forces, a given entity, the product of a set of conditions - I do not belong to myself and I do not form myself.

On the contrary, all of the above makes me and my life. I am what I am and I cannot be different. In this case, can I envy someone - he is better than me? I can't, because he is different, not like me, and he has a different life. Can I laugh at someone or despise someone - he is worse than me? I can't, because he is different, and his life path is not the same as mine. Each person is set for himself by the universe, each goes his own way, plays his own role, fulfills his own Tao, each has his own mission and meaning in the Universe - both for a brilliant powerful monarch and for a miserable beggar slave.

It is useless to try to be not yourself - to be different, to take someone else's place and play not your role. With such a look, both envy and pride completely disappear, and no one can be judged from the point of view of "better - worse". Not "better", but different, not "worse", but only different. It is impossible to compare two people, just as it is impossible to compare, say, a pine and a birch. Which is better - pine or birch? Which paint is worse - red or blue? Which human life is more fortunate and which one is worthy of contempt? None! About each one can only say that it is, and for some reason the universe needs it. A pine tree cannot become a birch, no matter how you convince it that a birch is much better than a pine.

One person will never become another person, just because they are different entities of the world. It is impossible to scold one for being like that, and it is impossible to praise another for not being like the first, just as it is impossible to scold a Negro for not being Chinese, a forest for not being an orchard, a desert thorn - for not being a beautiful flower.

A life full of such a gaze, not striving for anything, quiet and calm, is immersed in contemplation of its Tao and in serene adherence to it. It flows calmly and peacefully in a leisurely stream in the designated channel, not subject to passions, anxiety and tension. She simply and peacefully listens to the world around her, as the blossoming and fading, always beautiful and silent nature always hears the sky. The truth of Taoism is a life that is not opposed to the universe, but quietly dissolves in it, and achieves wise happiness.

Fate and free will

The main reason for not recognizing the fatalism of the so-called. modern society, rejection of it seriously, is the belief in the spontaneity of the creative process, the limitless possibilities of scientific research, including the element of limitlessness, insight. At the same time, the scientific, engineering approach, trusting only the obvious and consistent, insists on stock such patterns even in creativity.

The word “fatalism” is often used as a synonym for “everyday” pessimism - from disbelief in the possibility of a successful outcome of an initiative and to a gloomy confidence in its negative result.

But nevertheless, besides “philistine pessimism”, the antique, “philosophical” understanding of fate as a combination of primordial factors of inanimate nature (all kinds of elements) and the consequences of the creation of living entities is more widespread. For the ancient man, all the irresistible elements are the product of the "corresponding" gods, "the product of their creative efforts." In addition to the freedoms of the almighty gods, in the same system, in contrast and, at the same time, in addition to the concept of "fate" there is also such a thing as "Lot"(lat. la: fors ). It is, as it were, a "gap", a variable in the program, thanks to which the realization of the fundamental higher intention acquires living individual variability, and the sacrifices made by the heroes are a real justification.

In this regard, fate, fatal - there is a "collectively" created and "already-completed-in-the-future" machine, in which passive participants get the fate of a "screw", "instrument" ("plebeium in circo positum est fatum", lat - "the crowd is fenced off by fate"). As for active heroes, they play the role of “raw material”, “consumable material”. In this way, the fate of every living being constitutes a single “fate-system”. In exactly the same way as episodes and remarks make up a dramatic action that takes place in the proposed circumstances and ends in the intended way. In this light, a riot against rock- a deliberately accomplished feat that destroys the hero, but affects the "machine" as a whole; fraught, but necessary for existence "improvisation". (“Fata volemtem ducunt, nolentem trahunt”, lat. - “Fate leads those who wish, but drags those who do not wish”). It is worth noting here that the Hellenistic (and "daughter" Latin) schools operate with the category of fate-fate as a whole in solidarity.

If we draw a rather conditional parallel with the "Eastern doctrines", then in the Indian tradition, apparently, the closest understanding of fate (daiva) to fate as a process will be such an understanding of fate (daiva), in which the thin karma of one man leads and leads everything around the world of samsara ("Wheels of Life" ), and the kindness of the other allows him to leave the circle of births. Moreover, the law is independent from God (it is just that God no longer needs a framework). In the cyclically repeated existence of the world, with its original given, there is a universal the law of being(Dharma Skt. धर्म, dharma). In a broad sense, this applies to both Hinduism and Buddhism.

Abrahamic religions have a sharply negative attitude towards predictions and fortune-telling.

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See what "Fatalism" is in other dictionaries:

- (from Lat. fatalis fatal, fatum fate, fate), a worldview that considers every event and every human. an act as an inevitable realization of the original predestination, which excludes free choice and chance. You can highlight ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

fatalism- a, m. fatalisme m. Belief in predestination, inevitable fate. ALS 1. The predestination of fatalisme, which, however, is noted in one speech of the Savior when he speaks of Iscariot. 1808. V. A. Ozerov to A. N. Olenin. // RA 1869 5 133. Passing along ... ... Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms

- (New Lat. with Greek ending, from Lat. fatum rock, fate). Philosophical opinion attributing all events of human life to blind predestination; fate, rock. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Fatalism- (Latin fatum - taғdyr, fatalis - zhazmyshtyқ); 1) tabiғatta, қoғamda zhane rbir adamnyң өmirinde oniғalardyң zhogary erikpen, zhazmyshpen (rock), taғdyrmen aldyn ala anyқtalatyndyғy turaly philosophicalyқ concept; 2) wasps conceptғa suykes zhuris - tұrys ... ... Philosophies

Male, lat. fate, fate in the sense of predestination, inevitable, foreshadowed future. The basis of Islamism is fatalism. Fatalists deny the free will of man and his responsibility for his deeds. Fatalistic belief is disastrous for morality. ... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Stoicism Dictionary of Russian synonyms. fatalism n., number of synonyms: 3 belief in inevitable fate (2) ... Synonym dictionary

Fatalism- Fatalism ♦ Fatalisme Belief in the inevitability of everything that happens. Fatalism discourages action, and every fatalist is first of all lazy, or should be lazy ... Sponville's Philosophical Dictionary

- (from the Latin fatalis fatal, fatum rock, fate), the idea of ​​the inevitable predetermination of events in the world; belief in impersonal destiny (antique stoicism), in invariable divine predestination (especially characteristic of Islam), etc. Modern encyclopedia

- (from Lat. fatalis fatal fatum fate, fate), the idea of ​​the inevitable predetermination of events in the world; belief in impersonal destiny (antique stoicism), in invariable divine predestination (especially characteristic of Islam), etc. Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (lat. fatalis fatal, predetermined by fate) 1) the philosophical concept of the existence of predetermination by a higher will, fate, the fate of events in nature, society and in the life of every person; 2) an appropriate behavioral principle. Already in… … The latest philosophical dictionary