A short story about the wise Lukman. Instructions of Luqman al-Hakim Sage Luqman
The righteous Luqman is the son of the sister of the prophet Ayyub (a.s.), that is, his nephew. Venerable Ikrimah claimed that Luqman was a prophet. However, Suddi denies that he was awarded prophethood.
The legend says that the Almighty asked Luqman:
What do you want: prophecy or wisdom?
Luqman gave preference to wisdom. The Almighty said:
Why did you choose wisdom?
Allah never left alone those whom He chose as His prophet and messenger, and always subjected them to tests. That’s why I preferred wisdom,” Luqman replied.
It is no coincidence that the Almighty says: “We gave Luqman wisdom so that he would be grateful to Allah. He who gives thanks acts for his own good.”(Surah Luqman, verse 12).
According to legend, one day Luqman saw in a dream that he was told:
O Luqman, wouldn't it be better for you to be a prophet and caliph on earth?
Luqman (a.s.) said:
Life and health are more valuable to me than any troubles, for along with the prophecy troubles will also come to me.
The angels asked:
How do you know that troubles await prophets without being a prophet yourself?
I know: whoever leads people and tries to reason with them always experiences difficulties. It's good if he judges correctly. And if he does this unfairly, he himself will end up in hell. On earth it is better to be respected than to be despised. In the world of akhirat, dignity is also better than contempt. Whoever prefers this world to akhirat will be subject to temptation on earth. And in the world of akhirat he will lose the favor of Allah.
The angels were very surprised to hear these words. When Luqman woke up, Allah gifted him with wisdom.
Some believe that Luqman was not a prophet, but he was a ruler and ruled the people with justice.
Wahb bin Munabbih says:
Luqman was an Ethiopian slave. He worked as a carpenter and was a very honest and good person. Allah later freed him from slavery.
One person said to Luqman:
You were a slave. And how did you reach such a high degree?
Thanks to the fact that he was honest and always returned the amanat entrusted to me,” Lukman answered.
Mujahid said:
Allah gave Luqman wisdom, which means that he was given a perfect mind, knowledge from Allah, loyalty to truth and righteousness. And also - the ability to live in accordance with this knowledge.
According to some, wisdom is the ability to penetrate into the essence of all things and know all their features.
It is said that one day Luqman went on a journey and met a child.
What happened to my parents? - he asked.
“They died,” the child answered.
My work has come to an end, there is nothing more to be sad about. What happened to my brother?
And he died.
My wings are broken. What happened to my son?
“He died too,” said the child.
“I have lost my peace of mind forever,” said Lukman.
According to legend, Lukman the sage said:
Whoever lies will lose the shine in his eyes, he will lose his honor and dignity. Decency comes before noble birth, and deeds come before wealth. Knowledge is better than anything in this world. There are four conditions to become happy:
- Honesty.
- Decency and good manners.
- Gentle character and good disposition.
- Do not abuse trust.
Luqman (a.s.) served as vizier to the king and prophet Dawood (a.s.) and lived exactly one thousand years. Now there is no need to speculate whether he was a prophet or a holy righteous man. Allah knows best about everything.
Some say:
He who has been given wisdom and the Qur'an has also acquired the virtues of all the previous holy scriptures. For this reason, he must be well aware of his position. He should not become attached with his heart to everything earthly. That is why what is given to scientists is above the worldly. No wonder the Almighty said:
"Worldly blessings do not last"(Surah Nisa, verse 77).
From the book "Anvarul-ashikyn"
Testaments of Luqman
- Give thanks to Allah (for everything, for such is His care for you 31:12)
- Stand in prayer (31:17)
- Encourage what is good and keep from what is forbidden (31:17)
- Be patient (31:17)
- Don't be mean (31:18)
- Don't be arrogant, but maintain your dignity (31:18-19)
- Lower your voice (31:19)
Etymology
According to some modern scholars, Lucman is the Etruscan king of Rome, Tarquinius Priscus, whose name was Lucumon. He built the temple to the one God in the 7th century. BC e., whom the Romans considered Jupiter.
Luqman in Muslim legends
- According to the legend of Muhammad bin Ishak, this is Luqman, the son of Bagur, the son of Nahur, the son of Tarikh, that is, Azar, the father of the prophet Ibrahim.
- According to Wahab's tradition, Luqman was the son of the Prophet's sister Ayyub. It is said that he lived for a thousand years, found the prophet Daoud and received knowledge from him.
- According to the legend of Ibn Kathir, Luqman was a judge for the children of Israel during the time of the prophet Daoud. He was a slave from Ethiopia to one of the children of Israel who freed Luqman Hakim and gave him wealth.
- Ibn Gabbas said that Luqman Hakim was an Ethiopian slave (that is, a black man) and was a carpenter.
- Saeed bin Al-Musaib said that Luqman Hakim was from Sudan. He was a tailor. He had thick lips and flat feet. He was silent, thoughtful and deep-eyed, never slept during the day, and no one saw him spit. He did not amuse himself, did not laugh, did not repeat his words except wisdom.
- Ibn Kathir said that he was a holy man with great wisdom, worship, and edification. He loved Allah, and Allah loved him, giving him wisdom.
- Jabir bin Gabdullah said: “Verily, Allah exalted Luqman Hakim with wisdom. One day a man who knew Luqman before saw him and asked: “Aren’t you a slave of such and such a tribe, who was grazing cattle yesterday?” “Yes,” answered Lukman Hakim. “How did you become like this?” asked that man: “By the command of the Almighty, through fulfilling what was entrusted, truth in words and abandonment of what does not concern me.”
- Ibn Kassir said that Abu Darda once, speaking about Luqman Hakim, said that he did not have any special qualities, wealth, family, but he was brave and courageous. Lukman Hakim had a family, children, but they all died during his lifetime, he did not cry for them. He visited kings to observe, reflect, and receive instruction, so he was given what was given. His son named Taran was an unbeliever, so Luqman Hakim did not stop giving his son instructions until he believed.
- Luqman Hakim's grave is located in the village of Sarfand, a suburb of the city of Ramla, in Israel.
Links
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See what “Lukman” is in other dictionaries:
- (Luckmann) Thomas (October 14, 1927, Jesenice, Yugoslavia) professor of sociology at the University of Konstanz (Germany), student and follower of Schutz, leading representative of the phenomenological knowledge of sociology. After Schutz’s death, he implemented the project he had conceived... ... Encyclopedia of Sociology
A righteous person mentioned in the Quran, or a prophet to whom Allah gave wisdom. But, at the same time, according to the opinion of the majority of Islamic ulema, he is not a prophet. The thirty-first sura of the Quran is named after him. She was sent down to... Islam. Encyclopedic Dictionary.
The name of the prophet. Male Muslim names. Dictionary of meanings.. LUKMAN Caring, looking after someone, breadwinner. Tatar, Turkic, Muslim male names. Glossary of terms... Dictionary of personal names
- (Luckmann) Thomas (b. 1927) German sociologist, student and follower of Schutz, leading representative of phenomenologically oriented sociology, professor of sociology at the University of Konstanz (Germany). Main works: “The problem of religion in... ... The latest philosophical dictionary
In Muslim and ancient Arabian mythology, a righteous sage. In pre-Islamic Arabia he was known as a long-lived ancient and wise hero. The ancient Arabian cycle of tales about L. is reconstructed on the basis of monuments of pre-Islamic poetry and more... ... Encyclopedia of Mythology
- (Luckmann) Thomas (b. 1927) prof. Sociology University in Konstanz (Germany), student and follower of A. Schutz, leading representative of the phenomenological sociology of knowledge. After Schutz’s death, the prince’s project was implemented. “Structures of life... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia
Lukman- in Muslim. and other Arab. legends, a righteous sage. In pre-Islam. Arabia was known as a long-lived ancient. and a wise hero... Ancient world. Encyclopedic Dictionary
Luqman: Luqman is an Arabic name. Luqman is an Islamic prophet. Luqman surah of the Quran ... Wikipedia
Thomas Luckmann Thomas Luckmann Date of birth: October 14, 1927 (1927 10 14) (85 years old) Place of birth: Yugoslavia School/tradition: Phenomenology ... Wikipedia
LUKMAN Thomas- (b. 1927) app. German sociologist, one of the chapters. representatives of phenomenological directions in sociology. His most famous book on the sociology of religion is “The Invisible Religion” (1967). In it, L. claims that institutional, church. forms are not... Atheist Dictionary
Luqman al-Hakim was asked: “How ugly and disgusting is your face?!” He replied: “Are you mocking only my image or the Creator of this?!”
***
It is reported that one day the son of Luqman asked him: “If one grain is placed at the bottom of the sea, will Allah Almighty know about it?” To this, as Allah Almighty said in the Quran, Luqman replied:
“O my son! Good and evil, no matter how small they are, even the weight of a mustard seed, hidden in a rock, in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring them out and reward them! Verily, Allah is Wise and Omniscient! Nothing is hidden from Him, even the most subtle matters, and He knows the truth about all things!” (Surah Luqman, verse 16).
***
One day Luqman said to a man who was looking at him: “Even if you see me with thick lips, then know that my lips utter very subtle, profound words. And if you look at my black skin, then know that my heart is pure.”
***
Qatada said: “Allah Almighty gave Luqman al-Hakim a choice between prophethood and wisdom. Instead of prophecy, he chose wisdom. While Luqman was sleeping, Jibril came to him and sprinkled him with drops of wisdom. Having woken up, Lukman began to speak with it.”
***
Luqman al-Hakim said: “Conquer your anger with meekness and your lust with fear of God.”
***
Be respectful in times of need, patient in hateful, difficult matters, grateful in times of prosperity, humble in prayer and prayer, quick in giving alms.
***
I carried stones and lifted iron, but I saw nothing heavier than duty. I have eaten delicious food and tasted wonderful things, but I have never tasted anything sweeter than health.
***
Indeed, a two-faced person will not be safe before Allah.
***
Silence is wisdom that few people use.
***
There is no benefit for you in studying what you do not know if you do not follow the knowledge you have already acquired. An example of this is a man who collected an armful of firewood, tied it, but could not lift it, but after that he added firewood to this armful.
***
Truly, if a believer can foresee the consequences of the deed he does, he will be safe from regret.
***
When you are in prayer, keep your heart (in humility). When you eat, guard your throat. When you are in someone else's house, guard your eyes (from looking at unnecessary things). When you are among people, guard your tongue. Remember two and forget two: always remember Allah and death, and forget about the good done to others and the evil done to you by others.
***
There is no greater harm to the body than fun, empty fun.
***
Listening to a sermon is as difficult for an ignorant person as climbing a rocky path for an elderly person.
***
There are three types of comrades: the first is the one who receives good from you and does not return the same to you. The second is the one who gives you as much as he receives from you. The third is someone who maintains a good relationship with you without any self-interest.
***
Sitting on the toilet for a long time out of necessity leads to liver disease, hemorrhoids, and increased blood pressure. When you sit down and stand up, do it slowly, without rushing.
***
Truly, long solitude makes thought clear. Continued meditation is a signpost of the road leading to Paradise.
***
Truly, among the words there are those that are stronger than stone, more piercing than the prick of a needle, bitter than aloe, hotter than coal. And truly, the hearts of people are crops. Plant good words in them, if not all, then some will still sprout.
I haven't found anything harder than a bad word. It takes root in the depths of the heart, just as iron settles firmly and settles in the depths of water.
***
The anger of a wise man is his business, and the anger of an ignorant man is his business. That is, their anger manifests itself under different, different circumstances.
***
The most prudent and savvy is the one who knows in advance how the matter may end, and therefore is wary of it.
***
Meekness and gentleness are forgiveness to those who oppressed you, and a response to evil with good.
***
Three of the people are known only in three circumstances: 1) the brave - in battle; 2) generous - in need; 3) meek, soft - in a state when they are overcome by anger.
***
The one who has three characteristics has achieved the perfection of faith: 1) one who is content and whose contentment does not lead to error; 2) one who does not transgress the truth in anger; 3) one who, if possible, does not take for himself what does not belong to him.
***
The one who trusts in Allah and is pleased with His predestination has perfected faith. His hands and feet are completely devoted to doing good.
***
Just as there is no friendship between a sheep and a wolf, so there is no friendship between the pious and the wicked.
***
To humble yourself in obedience to Allah Almighty is better than to be proud of sin.
***
A smart person should be like a child among his household, and like an adult among people.
***
Don't acquire knowledge because of three things and don't give it up because of three things. Do not study in order to: 1) argue with someone; 2) to show off; 3) so that people praise, i.e. for show. Do not give up acquiring knowledge: 1) due to inattention, detachment from it; 2) because of shame in front of people; 3) due to contentment with ignorance.
*****
The thoughts of Luqman al-Hakim are great and invaluable wisdom, which contain light-bearing, high morality and deep meaning.
These are words that connect a person with the Wise Creator and remind them of the truth of His existence. This is a source of spreading light, rising and rising together with the soul into a world of silence, tranquility and firm faith. These edifications free a person from the shackles of material tyranny and from love for this mortal world and connect him with the Almighty Creator. Anyone who loves wisdom and edification will benefit greatly from them. They come from a heart that pulsated and beat in the flame of truth and sincerity, came from the heart of a merciful father with compassion for his son and other people. And every truthful, sincere person inhales the aroma of incense emanating from wisdom, edification and love. Each of us must try to open the ears of our hearts and listen with attention and sincerity to every wisdom expressed by this person.
All these instructions and advice, O dear reader, are from eternal and enduring values. We should listen to them very carefully so that we can go to the truth in the most direct way. The edifications and admonitions of such classics of Islamic sciences must be read slowly, several times, for they contain many wisdoms and meanings. No matter how many times you read them, something new will be revealed every time. This is their peculiarity. We ask Almighty Allah to make us one of those people who listen to words and follow the best of them! May there be peace over all of us!
Material prepared Abdurakhman Aliyev
In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, peace and blessings of Allah be upon our prophet Muhammad, members of his family and all his companions!
Interpretation of verses 12-19 from Surah Luqman
وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا لُقْمَانَ الْحِكْمَةَ أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِلَّهِ وَمَن يَشْكُرْ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ
(12) “We gave Luqman the wisdom: “Give thanks to Allah! The one who gives thanks acts only for his own good. And if anyone is ungrateful, then Allah is Rich and Praiseworthy.”
Allah Almighty spoke about His mercy towards the righteous slave Luqman. He endowed him with wisdom, i.e. correct ideas about things and God's laws, as well as the secrets and wisdom inherent in them. Very often people have knowledge but lack wisdom. However, in order to become wise, you must have knowledge and be able to use it practically. That is why wisdom often means useful knowledge and righteous deeds.
When Allah Almighty blessed Luqman with this great mercy, he was ordered to thank Allah for this generous reward and was promised that in this case Allah would increase his reward and shower him with even greater mercy. Allah told us that gratitude and appreciation bring benefits to people, while disbelief and disgrace fall on their shoulders as a heavy burden.
Allah Almighty does not need gratitude. And He deserves all praise for predetermining such a fate for the disobedient one. (Al-Ghinah) Wealth and self-sufficiency are the essential qualities of Allah, and He is worthy of praise for His perfect qualities and wonderful deeds, and this is also an essential quality of the divine essence. Each of these attributes is a quality of perfection, and when these qualities are mentioned together, one perfection is complemented by another.
وَإِذْ قَالَ لُقْمَانُ لِابْنِهِ وَهُوَ يَعِظُهُ يَا بُنَيَّ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ
(13) “Lukman said to his son, instructing him: “O my son! Do not associate partners with Allah, for polytheism is a great injustice.”
Interpreters of the Qur'an disagreed as to whether Luqman was a prophet or whether he was a righteous slave. The Almighty told us only that he was given wisdom and that he gave instructions to his son. The Almighty said:
وَإِذْ قَالَ لُقْمَانُ لِابْنِهِ وَهُوَ يَعِظُهُ
“Lukman said to his son, instructing him.”
Instruction refers to commands and prohibitions that are associated with encouragement and warning. The instructions of the sage Luqman mention the basic principles and main principles of wisdom. He commanded his son to sincerely worship Allah alone and warned him against polytheism, and then explained to him the reason for this by saying:
إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ
"for polytheism is a great injustice" .
From this we derive very useful knowledge that wisdom lies in following the path of the prophets, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them, in calling people and educating them in the religion of Allah. You should start with the most important, then the least important, and so on. And there is no doubt that aqidah, monotheism and the purification of minds and society from shirk is the foundation from which one should begin, and one cannot begin with anything else. And the one who leaves this path (manhaj) and comes up with other paths has strayed from the straight path and has become lost.
Abdullah bin Masud, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “When the Almighty revealed the verse:
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ولم يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ أُوْلَـئِكَ لَهُمُ الأَمْنُ وَهُم مُّهْتَدُونَ
“Those who believe and do not wrap their faith in injustice, they will be safe, and they will be guided to the straight path” (al-An’am, 82), The companions were frightened and said: “Which of us does not cause harm to himself?” To which the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:“This is not what you think, this is what Luqman said to his son:
يَا بُنَيَّ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ
“O my son! Do not associate partners with Allah, for polytheism is a great injustice.”.
The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, explained to his companions that “zulm” in this verse means major shirk and major kufr, for which a person falls under the severe wrath of Allah and eternal punishment. A sin that cannot be forgiven. And so he told him: "Polytheism is a great injustice."
Idolatry and polytheism are truly the greatest injustice, because there is nothing more terrible and disgusting in the world. How can we compare the creations that arose from the dust to the King of all things? How can slaves, who are completely devoid of power, be compared to the Master who controls all the affairs of the Universe? How can we compare imperfect creations, who need help and support every moment, with the Lord, who is flawless and needs nothing? How can one equate one who is not able to bring even a small part of the good with the One by whose grace people have soul and body, profess religion, improve their worldly life, work for the good of the Hereafter and avoid evil?! Could there be any greater injustice?!!
The Almighty said:
أَيُشْرِكُونَ مَا لَا يَخْلُقُ شَيْئًا وَهُمْ يُخْلَقُونَ وَلاَ يَسْتَطِيعُونَ لَهُمْ نَصْرًا وَلاَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَنْصُرُونَ
“Do they really associate as partners with Allah those who do not create anything, while they themselves were created, who are not able to support them and are not able to help even themselves?” (al-A'raf, 191-192 verses).
He also said:
آللَّهُ خَيْرٌ أَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ أَمَّنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَأَنزَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاء فَأَنبَتْنَا بِهِ حَدَائِقَ ذَاتَ بَهْجَةٍ مَّا كَانَ لَكُمْ أَن تُنبِتُوا شَجَرَهَا أَإِلَهٌ مَّعَ اللَّهِ بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ يَعْدِلُونَ
“Is Allah better or those whom you associate as partners?” “Who created the heavens and the earth and sent down water from the sky for you? Through it We have cultivated beautiful gardens ***. You couldn't grow trees in them. So is there a god other than Allah? No, but they are people who deviate from the truth (or equate fictitious gods with Allah).”
*** Did you know that with good rain, 4 tons of water (320 buckets of water) fall on an area of 8 acres in 15 minutes?
أَمَّن جَعَلَ الْأَرْضَ قَرَاراً وَجَعَلَ خِلَالَهَا أَنْهَاراً وَجَعَلَ لَهَا رَوَاسِيَ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ حَاجِزاً أَإِلَهٌ مَّعَ اللَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
“Who made the earth a dwelling, laid rivers along its crevices, erected immutable mountains on it and established a barrier between the seas? Is there a god other than Allah? No, but most of them don’t know that.”
أَمَّن يُجِيبُ الْمُضْطَرَّ إِذَا دَعَاهُ وَيَكْشِفُ السُّوءَ وَيَجْعَلُكُمْ خُلَفَاء الْأَرْضِ أَإِلَهٌ مَّعَ اللَّهِ قَلِيلاً مَّا تَذَكَّرُونَ
“Who answers the prayer of the needy when he calls upon Him, removes evil and makes you heirs of the earth? Is there a god other than Allah? You don’t remember enough edifications!”
أَمَّن يَهْدِيكُمْ فِي ظُلُمَاتِ الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ وَمَن يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ بُشْراً بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَحْمَتِهِ أَإِلَهٌ مَّعَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى اللَّهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ
“Who guides you through the darkness of land and sea and sends the winds with good news of His mercy? Is there a god other than Allah? Allah is above those who are associated with partners!
أَمَّن يَبْدَأُ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ وَمَن يَرْزُقُكُم مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ أَإِلَهٌ مَّعَ اللَّهِ قُلْ هَاتُوا بُرْهَانَكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ
“Who creates the creation from the beginning, and then recreates it and provides you with food from heaven and earth? Is there a god other than Allah? Say: Bring your proof if you are telling the truth” (an-Naml, 59-64).
And what could be worse if a person whom Allah created for sincere worship of Him alone doomed his noble soul to destruction and fell so low that he began to worship insignificant creatures and cause great evil to himself?! After all, Allah does not forgive this terrible sin. Allah, Almighty and Great, said:
إِنَّ اللّهَ لاَ يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَن يَشَاءُ وَمَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللّهِ فَقَدِ افْتَرَى إِثْماً عَظِيماً
“Verily, Allah does not forgive when partners are associated with Him, but He forgives all other (or less serious) sins to whom He wishes. Whoever associates partners with Allah commits a great sin” (an-Nisa, 48).
After mentioning that renunciation of polytheism is one of the most important duties of a person before the Lord, for the fulfillment of which people are obliged to profess the strictest monotheism, the Almighty commanded His servants to fulfill their duties to their parents and said:
وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْناً عَلَى وَهْنٍ وَفِصَالُهُ فِي عَامَيْنِ أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيْكَ إِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ
(14) “We have commanded a person to do good to his parents. His mother carried him through exhaustion after exhaustion, and weaned him at two years old. Give thanks to Me and your parents, for you will come to Me.”
Allah commanded a person to treat his parents well and will certainly ask him whether he followed this commandment or not? A person is obliged to thank Allah, worship Him, fulfill his duties to Him and not use God's mercies to commit sins. And along with this, he is ordered to treat his parents with respect, speak to them meekly and courteously, do good to them, behave humbly before them, respect them, support them and in every possible way avoid any actions and speeches that may offend them.
Allah commanded man to do this and announced that man would certainly return to Allah, who sent down this commandment to him and burdened him with this duty. And then Allah will ask his slave: “Have you kept this commandment? If you followed it, you will certainly receive a generous reward. If you violated it, you will be subjected to painful punishment.”
Speaking about the reason that obliges a person to respect his parents, Allah Almighty recalled that a mother carries her child in her womb, experiencing exhaustion after exhaustion. From the moment of conception, a pregnant woman becomes whimsical, sickly, weak and heavy. Then labor pains begin, which cause the woman very severe pain. And after the child is born, she takes care of him, raises him and breastfeeds him for another two years. Shouldn't a person treat well the one who endures so many difficulties for the sake of his child and at the same time feels the strongest love for him?
وَإِن جَاهَدَاكَ عَلى أَن تُشْرِكَ بِي مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلَا تُطِعْهُمَا وَصَاحِبْهُمَا فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعْرُوفاً وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَيَّ ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
(15) “And if they fight with you so that you associate with Me partners about whom you have no knowledge, then do not obey them, but accompany them in this world kindly and follow the path of those who have turned to Me. Then you will have to return to Me, and I will tell you what you have done.”
While honoring parents, one cannot obey them when they call on a person to associate partners with Allah. Disobeying parents in this matter is not disrespectful to them, because a person's duties to Allah are more important than his duties to any creation. “You cannot obey creatures if you disobey the Creator.”
The Almighty did not order a person to treat his parents with disrespect if they began to encourage him to paganism and polytheism. He ordered not to obey them only when they push him to commit a sin. But even then he must be kind to them. And therefore Allah ordered a person to accompany such parents in this world and do good to them, but not to obey them if they try to persuade him to disbelief or disobedience.
The commentators of the Qur'an said that this verse was revealed because of Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas, as indicated by the hadith in the collection of Muslim (1748): “It is because of him that some verses from the Koran were revealed. He said: “Sada’s mother vowed not to talk to him, she would not eat or drink until he renounced his religion. She said (to him): “You imagine that Allah has commanded you to be pious to your parents. But I am your mother. And I command you this." He said: “And in this position she spent three days until she lost consciousness from exhaustion. And her other son, whose name is Umara, gave her water to drink. And she began to cry out against Sa'd, after which Allah, He is omnipotent and great, revealed a verse from the Koran:
وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حُسْناً
“We have commanded man to be kind to his parents.”(Al-Ankabut 29:8).
وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَيَّ
“and follow the path of those who have turned to Me”.
A person should follow the path only of those who believe in Allah, His angels, His scriptures, His messengers, who submitted to their Lord and turned to Him. And in order to follow this path and turn to Allah, a person must strive with his soul towards his Lord and perform deeds that help him get closer to Allah and gain His favor. In tafsir al-Bagawi it is said that this is the prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and his companions.
Sheikh Ibn al-Qayim said: “Every companion of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was a convert to Allah, and therefore it is necessary to follow their path, since Allah led them to the straight path.”. See “I’lyamul-muuakqi’in” 4/120.
It is obligatory for every believer to understand the Quran and Sunnah only in accordance with the understanding of the righteous predecessors of this community (Salaf). Many Muslims claim that they follow the Quran and Sunnah, but they forget about this important condition that it is necessary to understand the Quran and Sunnah exactly as the Salaf understood it, and not as everyone can or wants to understand. This is required by Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
Allah Almighty said:
وَمَن يُشَاقِقِ الرَّسُولَ مِن بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ الْهُدَى وَيَتَّبِعْ غَيْرَ سَبِيلِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ نُوَلِّهِ مَا تَوَلَّى وَنُصْلِهِ جَهَنَّمَ وَسَاءتْ مَصِيراً
“And whoever opposes the Messenger after the straight path has become clear to him, and follows not the path of the believers, We will send him to the place where he turned and burn him in the fire of Hell. How bad this place is!” (an-Nisa 4: 115).
Imam Ibn Abu Jamra said: “Scholars have said that this verse refers to the companions and the first generations of Muslims!” See “Bakhjatu-nnufus” 15.
Allah Almighty also said:
فَإِنْ آمَنُواْ بِمِثْلِ مَا آمَنتُم بِهِ فَقَدِ اهْتَدَواْ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْاْ فَإِنَّمَا هُمْ فِي شِقَاقٍ فَسَيَكْفِيكَهُمُ اللّهُ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ
“If they believe as you have believed, then they will be rightly guided; if they turn away, then they are in schism, and Allah will deliver you from them” (Al-Baqarah 2: 137).
Ibn Abbas said: “We are talking about the Companions!” al-Harawi in “Zammul-kalam” 759.
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Verily, those of you who live long will see many disagreements, and therefore you should adhere to my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the righteous caliphs, guided by the right path. Hold onto this with your teeth and avoid innovations, for every innovation is a delusion!” Abu Dawud 4607.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) also said: “My community will be divided into seventy-three currents. Seventy-two groups are in Fire, and one is in Paradise.” The Companions asked: “Who are they?!” To which he replied: “These are the ones who follow what I and my companions follow.” . Abu Daoud 2/503.
Also in the story of the discussion of Ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) with the Kharijites, it is reported that Ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said to them: “I have come to you from the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) - the Muhajirs and the Ansars, and the son of his uncle (‘Ali). The Quran was revealed to them, and they know its meaning better than you, and there is not one of them among you!” Ahmad 1/621.
All this points to the importance of following the Quran and Sunnah in the understanding of the righteous predecessors. Every Muslim is obliged to understand Islam the way the salaf understood it, and not be based on his own opinion, since understanding Islam “in his own way” led to the emergence of numerous sects!
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Verily, long days of patience will come after you, and those who, in similar circumstances, adhere to the same as you did, will receive a reward equal to the reward of fifty of you.” . The Companions asked: “O Prophet of Allah, maybe fifty of them?” He said: “No, exactly from you!” “as-Silsilya as-sahiha” 494.
Every person, whether he is a submissive Muslim or a sinner, will certainly return to Allah, and then he will be informed of everything that he has done. He will receive reward for faith or disbelief, and will also receive reward for his good deeds and sins, and not a single human deed will remain hidden from Allah.
يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّهَا إِن تَكُ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِّنْ خَرْدَلٍ فَتَكُن فِي صَخْرَةٍ أَوْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ أَوْ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَأْتِ بِهَا اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٌ
(16) “O my son! If something the weight of a mustard seed is inside a rock, or in the heavens, or in the earth, then Allah will bring it. Verily, Allah is Discerning (or Good), Knowing.”
Imam al-Bagawi said: "Something"returns to sin. Since the son of Luqman once asked his father: “O father, if I commit some sin so that no one sees me, how will Allah know about it? And he said this verse."
The mustard seed is one of the smallest and most insignificant creations. But even such a creation cannot hide from Allah, because Allah’s knowledge is limitless and His power is perfect. Among His beautiful names are the Kind (Latyf), the Perceptive and the Knowing (Khabir). His knowledge is so perfect and impeccable that it embraces the most intimate secrets of creation, oceans and deserts. This means that a person must remember that Allah is watching over him, obey his Lord and avoid all small and great sins.
A Muslim should not be careless of these two attributes as comprehensive knowledge, unlimited power. One must always remember the eternity of the names of Allah and the completeness of His attributes. And every time he remembers the fullness of His names and attributes, this will cause an increase in respect for Him, exaltation of Him, fear of Him, desire for hope in Him. Every time he remembers beautiful names and great qualities, he will find their good fruits in himself. And this is with the help of Allah. Anyone to whom Allah wishes good will grant that he will always remember this, as the Almighty said:
وَلاَ تُطِعْ مَنْ أَغْفَلْنَا قَلْبَهُ عَن ذِكْرِنَا وَاتَّبَعَ هَوَاهُ وَكَانَ أَمْرُهُ فُرُطاً
“And do not obey those whose hearts We have made negligent of Our remembrance, who indulge their desires and whose deeds will be in vain.”
Take refuge in Allah from carelessness and forgetfulness. Remembering Allah is not limited to the tongue. Therefore, negligence may also manifest itself in the fact that a person will not remember the greatness of Allah, He is holy and great, His power, His knowledge, that He sees everything, that He is fair, that He is generous and there is no end to His benefits.
And after this great reminder to his son and the important instruction that Allah has covered everything with His knowledge, he seems to want to say: Be afraid to sin, be afraid to disobey Him, because He sees everything and is powerful over everything, counts everything that you have done, and if you do not If you want him to forgive you, then you are lost. And if your sin is shirk, then there is no doubt that you are in the worst position.
يَا بُنَيَّ أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَانْهَ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ وَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا أَصَابَكَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ
(17) “O my son! Perform prayer, command to do what is acceptable, forbid what is reprehensible, and patiently endure everything that befalls you. Truly, one must be determined in these matters.”
يَا بُنَيَّ أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ
“O my son! Perform namaz"
Luqman encouraged his son to perform namaz and singled it out from among other good deeds, because namaz is the greatest rite of worship that Muslims perform with their bodies.
وَأْمُرْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَانْهَ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ
“command that which is approved, forbid that which is disapproved”
He also commanded his son to call people to what is good and to keep them from what is bad. And for this, a Muslim must have knowledge about what is approved and condemned, because only in this case will he be able to call people to good and turn them away from evil.
What is approved is what is approved by the Shariah and what it calls for. The condemned is what the Sharia condemns, prohibits and warns against. Those. call for everything approved, starting with monotheism and ending with the smallest good deed, right up to the order to remove an obstacle from the road, because iman is more than seventy steps, the highest of which is shahada, and the smallest is to remove an obstacle from the road. Therefore, call for what is approved, starting with testimony, then call for prayer, zakat, uraz, hajj, piety towards a parent, good morals, and so on until the smallest deed.
And warn against what is blameworthy. What is condemned is shirk, innovation, big sins, small sins, bad morals, etc. Everything that is condemned by Sharia and reason. And good reason always corresponds to Sharia.
Along with knowledge, the preacher must have kindness and patience, and therefore Luqman further commanded his son to patiently endure any difficulties and troubles.
وَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا أَصَابَكَ
“and bear with everything patiently”
Such patience requires the preacher to do what he calls others to do and to avoid everything he warns people against. By following these instructions, a person not only takes the straight path himself, because he does good and avoids evil, but also helps others take it, because he encourages them to do good and avoid evil.
Luqman understood perfectly well that difficulties and trials awaited the preacher of truth and goodness. It is difficult for people to encourage others to do what they approve of and to keep them from doing what they blame. That is why he ordered his son to show due tolerance and carry out his commandments with due determination.
إِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ
“Indeed, one must be determined in these matters.”
Truly, these commandments deserve the closest attention, and only those who are endowed with determination can fulfill them properly.
وَلَا تُصَعِّرْ خَدَّكَ لِلنَّاسِ وَلَا تَمْشِ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَرَحاً إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ مُخْتَالٍ فَخُورٍ
(18) “Do not turn your face away from people out of arrogance and do not walk the earth arrogantly. Verily, Allah does not love any proud people or boasters.”
وَلَا تُصَعِّرْ خَدَّكَ لِلنَّاسِ
"Don't turn your face away from people" those. Don’t frown or turn away from people out of arrogance and contempt for others.
Mujahid said: “This is when there will be anger between you and someone. And when you meet him, he turns his face away from you.”
Ar-Rabi bin Anas and Qatada said: “Do not treat the poor with contempt. Let the poor and the rich be the same for you.”
وَلَا تَمْشِ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَرَحاً
“And do not walk the earth arrogantly” those. do not walk the earth proudly, boasting of your own wealth and forgetting about your Benefactor. Don't be smug and arrogant.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ مُخْتَالٍ فَخُورٍ
“Verily, Allah does not love all proud and boastful people.”, who treat people arrogantly in their souls and express their arrogance by their attitude towards people in appearance, as well as boasters who express their arrogance in words.
That is, Lukman commanded his son not to show arrogance towards people, to cleanse the soul of arrogance, since this is a bad disposition that leads to unbelief, a contemptuous attitude towards people, and rejection of the truth.
How do you show arrogance as a person? Show some modesty. You are a helpless creature, created from dust, created from a despicable drop, relieving yourself. How can you be arrogant?
How do you show arrogance knowing who you are? If you prick yourself with a needle, it makes you cry.
وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ وَاغْضُضْ مِن صَوْتِكَ إِنَّ أَنكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ
(19) “Walk with measured steps and lower your voice, for the most unpleasant voice is the braying of a donkey.”
وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ
"Walk at a measured pace" those. walk modestly and calmly. Do not walk as the arrogant proud or the careless simpletons walk.
وَاغْضُضْ مِن صَوْتِكَ
إِنَّ أَنكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ
“for the most unpleasant voice is the braying of a donkey”, the most unpleasant and disgusting voice is the braying of a donkey. And if a loud voice were beneficial, it would not be a distinctive feature of donkeys, which are known for their stupidity and baseness.
Conclusion and overall benefits:
The commandments that the sage Luqman left to his son combine the most important religious precepts, from which many other commandments flow. Any religious commandments are closely related to the commandments of Luqman, because they teach Muslims to do good and avoid evil. All this confirms our earlier statement that wisdom consists of knowledge of religious injunctions and the benefits of these injunctions. That is why the sage Lukman commanded:
– Confess monotheism, which is the basis of religion.
– He forbade associating partners with Allah and explained what exactly should keep people from polytheism and idolatry.
“He also commanded to do good to parents, and explained the reason why a person should be respectful to his parents.
“He also commanded to thank Allah and express gratitude to parents, but emphasized that they should be obeyed only when they do not call a person to disobey Allah. If they encourage a person to associate partners with Allah, then he has no right to obey them in this. Or if they themselves associate partners with Allah, or commit innovations, or commit great sins, all the same, despite all this, a person is obliged to show respect to them and do good to them.
“He also commanded to remember that Allah watches over his slaves and that a person has to appear before his Lord and receive reward for every good and evil, as well as small and great deed.
“He also forbade the display of arrogance and arrogance and ordered modesty.
“He also called for calmness when walking and talking and forbade breaking this beautiful commandment.
– He commanded to call people to what is approved and to keep them from what is blameworthy.
- Perform namaz.
And in conclusion, praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds!
Based on a lecture by Rinat Abu Muhammad
In the name of Allah, the Compassionate and Merciful!
Allah Almighty in Surah “Bakara” (“Cow” verse 269) says:
“He bestows wisdom on whomever He wishes, and the one to whom it is bestowed will receive all-encompassing benefits.”
That is, wisdom is a huge benefit and gift.
This book contains the wisdom of Luqman Hakim (may Allah be pleased with him), which is especially needed today by people who have exchanged spiritual and moral values for material ones, thereby moving away from the truth. And let these wisdoms become a reminder to people of the frailty of this world and become a reason to revive their hearts.
THE LIFE OF LUQMAN HAKIM
(May Allah be pleased with him).
According to the legend of Muhammad bin Ishak, this is Luqman, the son of Bagur, the son of Nahur, the son of Tarikh, i.e. Azar - the father of the Prophet Ibrahim (may peace be upon him). According to the legend of Wahab, Luqman was the son of the sister of the Prophet Ayub (may peace be upon him).
It is said that he lived for a thousand years, found the Prophet Dawood (may peace be upon him) and received knowledge from him.
According to the legend of Ibn Kathir, Luqman was a judge at Bani Israil during the time of the Prophet Daoud (may peace be upon him).
According to the legend of Ibn Kathir, Luqman was a slave from Ethiopia to one of the people of Bani Israil, who freed Luqman Hakim and gave him wealth.
Ibn Gabbas said that Luqman Hakim was an Ethiopian slave (i.e. a black man) and was a carpenter.
Saeed bin Al-Musaib said that Luqman Hakim was from Sudan. Allah Almighty gave him wisdom, but not prophecy.
He was a tailor. He had thick lips and flat feet. He was silent, thoughtful and deep-eyed, never slept during the day, and no one saw him spit. He did not amuse himself, did not laugh, did not repeat his words except wisdom. Ibn Kathir said that he was a holy man with great wisdom, worship, and edification. He loved Allah, and Allah loved him, giving him wisdom. Wisdom can be achieved by speaking the truth with the tongue; thinking with soul, heart; performing duties (farza). When Luqman Hakim spoke, he spoke wisely, when he reflected, he reflected wisely, when he made movements, he did so with wisdom.
Khalid Rabiyi said: “Lukman Hakim was an Ethiopian (black) slave, a carpenter. One day the owner told him: “Kill this sheep.” And when Luqman Hakim slaughtered the said sheep, the owner said: “Pull out the two best pieces of meat from it.” Then Luqman Hakim pulled out his tongue and heart. Then the owner said: Now take out the two worst pieces.” Lukman again took the tongue and the heart. To this the owner said: “When I ordered you to pull out the best pieces of meat, you pulled out the tongue and the heart. When I ordered the two worst pieces to be pulled out, you took them again.” Luqman Hakim replied: “Indeed, there is nothing better than them if they are righteous. And there is nothing worse than them if they are spoiled.”
Ibn Kathir said: “Luqman was a Negro slave, with thick lips and flat legs. One day a man came to him and saw Luqman Hakim surrounded by people who listened to him attentively. The man asked, “Aren’t you the man who herded the cattle with me in such and such a place?” Luqman Hakim replied: “Yes, it’s me.” The man, surprised, said: “How did you achieve the way I see you now?” Luqman Hakim replied: “By truthfulness of words and silence in matters that do not concern me.”
Jabir bin Ghabdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Verily, Allah exalted Luqman Hakim with wisdom. One day, a man who knew Lukman before saw him and asked: “Aren’t you a slave of such and such a tribe, who just yesterday was grazing the sklt?” “Yes,” replied Luqman Hakim. “How did you become like this?” the man asked. Lukman Hakim: “At the behest of the Almighty, through fulfilling what was entrusted, truth in words and abandonment of what does not concern me.”
4
Ibn Kassir said that Abu Darda once, speaking about Luqman Hakim, said that he did not have any special qualities, wealth, family, but he was brave and courageous.
Lukman Hakim had a family, children, but they all died during his lifetime, he did not cry for them. He visited kings to observe, reflect, and receive instruction, so he was given what was given.
Luqman Hakim was an ascetic in this world, he did not spend his life in hoarding and did not turn towards it.
It is said that his son named Taran was an unbeliever, so Luqman Hakim did not stop giving his son instructions until he believed.
All scholars agreed that Luqman Hakim was a righteous slave, a sage, a friend of Allah, but he was not a prophet.
Dawud (peace be upon him) said: “Blessed are you Luqman! You have been given wisdom and are kept away from troubles. I have been given governorship (i.e. prophecy) and troubles and troubles befall me.”
It is said that the grave of Luqman Hakim is located in the village of Sarfand, a suburb of the city of Ramla, in Palestine.
One of the surahs of the Holy Quran is named after this sage. Below are the verses that indicate Luqman Hakim's instructions to his son.
Allah Almighty said in the Holy Quran:
“We gave Luqman wisdom, knowledge, correct speech and said to him: “Give thanks to Allah for the blessings that He has given you. He who thanks Allah for His blessings does good to himself, and he who does not thank Allah for His blessings, then Allah does not need his gratitude. He deserves to be praised, even if no one praises Him! Tell your people how Luqman, admonishing his son, gave him advice: “O my son! Do not worship anyone along with Allah. Truly, polytheism is a great sin, for it places the One who deserves worship on an equal footing with the one who does not deserve it!”
(Sura Luqman, verses 12-13).
“O my son! Good and evil, no matter how small they are - even the weight of a mustard seed - whether it is hidden in a rock or in the heavens, or in the earth - Allah will bring it out and reward it! Verily, Allah is Wise and Omniscient! Nothing is hidden from Him, even the most subtle matters, and He knows the truth about all things!
O my son! Perform ritual prayer, call for good, keep away from evil and be patient in difficulties. One should take care and follow what Allah has given in his commandments.
O my son! Do not put on an arrogant face in front of people and do not walk proudly on the earth, truly, Allah does not love boastful, proud people. Moderate your gait: don't walk too fast or too slow and lower your voice. After all, the worst and most unpleasant of voices is the voice of donkeys, for the braying of a donkey begins with an unpleasant sob and ends with a disgusting cry.”
(Sura Luqman, verses 16-19).
