Design of temples and churches SP SNIP manual. Set of rules for the design and construction of buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches

SP 31-103-99
CODE OF RULES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND COMPLEXES OF ORTHODOX TEMPLES
The buildings, structures and complexes of orthodox temples

Date of introduction 1999-12-27

PREFACE

1 DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Architectural and Artistic Design and Restoration Center of the Moscow Patriarchate ACC "Archtemple"
DEVELOPERS: architect. M.Yu. Kesler - topic leader; architect A.N. Obolensky (ACC "Archtemple") with the participation of: Ph.D. architect A.M.Garnets (Institute of Public Buildings), Ph.D. architect L.A. Viktorova (Federal Scientific and Technical Center for Construction Certification), Ph.D. tech. Sciences V.G. Gagarin, Ph.D. Sciences H.A. Shchirzhetsky (NIISF)

3 INTRODUCED for the first time

1 AREA OF APPLICATION

These rules apply to the design of newly constructed and reconstructed buildings, structures and complexes Orthodox churches, as well as premises of house churches built into buildings for other purposes. The design of monastic complexes, missions and diocesan centers must be carried out in accordance with approved design assignments, taking into account the requirements of this Code of Rules. The rules do not apply to the design of churches temporarily located in prefabricated and other similar buildings.

The list of regulatory documents referenced in the Code of Practice is given in Appendix A.
When excluding from the existing normative documents referred to in this Code of Rules, one should be guided by the norms introduced to replace the excluded ones.

3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Terms and definitions are given in Appendix B.

4 GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1 This Code of Rules was developed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 10-01 and is valid in development of SNiP 2.08.02.
4.2 Clauses of this Code of Rules marked with “*” are mandatory.
The provisions in bold are mandatory according to church requirements.
4.3 Complexes of Orthodox churches, in accordance with their functional purpose, are divided into diocesan centers, spiritual missions, parish and monastic complexes, and into churches as part of complexes, buildings and structures for public and residential purposes. Their location, approximate composition, main and additional set of buildings, structures and premises for liturgical and auxiliary purposes are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Item no. Type of complex Recommended placement on residential territory 3 buildings, structures and premises Note
liturgical purposes auxiliary purposes
Basic (capacity) Additional Basic Additional
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Diocesan center City center Cathedral (2-5 thousand people) Chapel
Epiphany Bell Tower
House Church Diocesan Administration Church
post house
Household services, including garage Theological school Sunday school Editorial board of the publishing house Bishops' House
Church shop

2 Orthodox mission Within the residential area of ​​the city Temple (up to 100 people) Baptism
Household services Church shop Sunday school Hotel Residential buildings clergy
3 Parish complex City Center of the planning area Temple (450-1500 people) Baptism Chapel Church-parish house
Household services Church shop Sunday school
(Gymnasium) Hotel Almshouse Medical center
Residential buildings of the clergy Detailed composition of the parish complex, see table. 3
4 Rural Center rural settlement Temple
(100-300 people) "Summer" temple
Chapel Church and Parish House
Household services Sunday school Hotel
Residential buildings of the clergy
5 Monastyrsky
Monastery complex Suburban residential area Urban area
Rural settlement Temple
(100-2000 people) Refectory Church Hospital Church
Gate Church House Church Bell Tower Chapel
Cell building
Governor's House Hotel Household. services Church shop Sunday school
Production workshops
6 Skete Territory of the monastery Suburban area
Outside populated areas Temple (50-100 people) Chapel Chapel Cell buildings
Household services
7
Podvorye Urban District
Rural settlement Temple (100-600 people) Chapel Cell building Hotel Adm. Household services Church services Shop Viceroy's Corps Sunday School Workshops Warehouse
Garage

8 As part of complexes and public buildings Cemetery Entrance area of ​​cemeteries Temple
(100-900 people) Chapel Chapel Church and parish house
Household Church services shop Production workshops
9
Memorial complex Memorial zone of residential area Suburban zone Temple (50-300 people) Chapel Belfry Premises:
-church clergy;
- economic
10 As part of complexes and buildings for public purposes Social institutions, medical institutions Territory of the institution Built into institutional buildings (top floor) Temple (50-100 people) Chapel Premises of the church clergy Auxiliary premises built-in
11 Educational institutions Built into educational buildings (top floor) Temple (100-500 people) Chapel Same Same
12 Military units Territory of the unit Temple (100-300 people) Chapel " "
13 Places of detention Zone territory, prisons Temple (100-300 people) Chapel " "
14 In residential buildings Residential buildings Built into residential buildings House church Chapel

4.4 The capacity of churches is determined by calculation based on the size and demographic composition of the population served in accordance with the methodology set out in Appendix D. The estimated capacity of city parish churches is given in Table 2.

Table 2

Estimated population, thousand people Capacity of the temple, people.
60 450
120 900
200 1500
Note. The capacity indicator corresponds to the attendance of the temple on holidays (for regions with a predominantly Orthodox population).

4.5 Most common type temple complex is parish. Sample list groups of buildings, structures and premises of parish church complexes, which can be reduced or supplemented in the design assignment, is given in Table 3.

Table 3

Purpose of groups of buildings, structures and premises List of buildings, structures and premises Unit
Measurements Quantity
1 2 3 4
Liturgical Temple (with 1-3 chapels), including summer and winter people. 100-1500
Bell tower (belfry) tier 1-3
Baptism m 30-150
Chapel people 1-20
Service and household buildings Church and clergy house m Up to 1000
Hotel pers. " 20
Residential buildings clergy apartment 1-3
Educational Sunday school people. Up to 100
Gymnasium " " 300
Library " " 15
Charitable Almshouse people. Up to 20
Medical center visits/day " 30
Mother and child room pers. " 10
Refectory post. seats "20
Household goods Church shop (kiosk, store) m 5-50
Prosfornaya m 20-50
Art workshops m 20-100
Garage car 1-3
Warehouses m Up to 50

4.6* When designing buildings and structures of complexes of Orthodox churches, devices and measures should be provided for convenient access for people with disabilities and their use of premises based on section 4 of SNiP 2.08.02 and VSN 62.
4.7* When reconstructing, restoring and overhauling buildings and structures of Orthodox churches that are historical and cultural monuments, in addition to the requirements specified in the Code of Rules, the requirements of the legislation on the protection and use of historical and cultural monuments should be taken into account.
In the case of new construction in the territories of historical and cultural monuments, design should be carried out on the basis of a plan assignment issued by the Department of State Control and Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments.
4.8* Design of fire protection of buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches, as well as compliance with fire safety regulations during their construction, reconstruction and repair must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-01, NPB 108, PPB 01 and other current norms and rules.
4.9* To calculate the total, usable and standardized area, construction volume, building area and number of floors of buildings and structures of complexes of Orthodox churches, one should be guided by Appendix 3 of SNiP 2.08.02 and Appendix B of this Code of Rules.

5 REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCOMMODATION AND TERRITORY

5.1 Territories for the construction of temple complexes in residential areas are allocated in accordance with general plans, and in their absence, according to development schemes.
Territories for the construction of temple complexes located outside the boundaries of urban and rural settlements are allocated on the basis of projects and regional planning schemes and suburban zone projects.
5.2* In residential areas, buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches should be located on the basis of urban planning assignments, as a rule, near existing utilities and roads, subject to the provision of public passenger transport.
The approaches to churches should not cross the carriageway of main streets at the same level.
5.3 It is recommended to select sites in residential areas taking into account the dominant role of the temple in the formation of the surrounding development: areas with increased relief, oriented along the axes of main roads, taking into account their configuration, the development of neighboring areas, etc., depending on urban planning conditions.
5.4 Monasteries can be located in residential areas or outside the boundaries of urban and rural settlements. Hermitages can be located on the territory of the monastery or on a separate site, including outside the residential area. Monastic metochions can be located in urban and rural settlements.
5.5 It is recommended to take the dimensions of land plots of parish church complexes, including the main buildings and structures for liturgical and auxiliary purposes, based on the specific indicator - 7 m of plot area per unit of church capacity.
When constructing temple complexes in areas of crowded urban development, a reduction in the specific indicator of a land plot (m per unit of capacity) is allowed, but not more than by 20-25%.
5.6* Minimum distances between buildings should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01 and SNiP 21-01.
5.7 The planning of the territories of diocesan centers, spiritual missions, monastic complexes and public complexes, including buildings and structures of Orthodox churches, should be carried out in accordance with the design assignment and urban planning conclusion.
5.8 It is not recommended to place buildings and structures that are not functionally connected to them on the land plots of temple complexes. It is allowed to provide areas next to the land plots of churches for the placement of residential buildings of the church clergy, almshouses, hotels, workshops and economic services. The dimensions of the plots and the range of buildings and structures located on adjacent plots are established by the design assignment. When justified depending on local conditions, residential buildings of the church clergy are allowed to be located on the land plots of churches, which should be designed in accordance with SNiP 2.08.01.
5.9 The territory of the temple complex should be divided into functional zones:
- entrance;
- temple;
- auxiliary purposes;
- economic.
An approximate diagram of the master plan of the parish city church complex is given in Appendix D.
5.10 The entrance area should provide access for vehicles and an entrance for parishioners. This area will provide kiosks and church shops for the sale of church supplies, places for parishioners to relax. The entrance area should have a connection with the temple area.
5.11 The temple area intended for religious ceremonies must have a direct connection with the entrance and auxiliary areas. In the temple area, buildings of temples, bell towers and belfries, chapels, monuments, water wells, areas for religious events and recreation of parishioners should be provided.
There should be a circular walk around the temple for the procession of the Cross during church holidays width, as a rule, from 3 to 5 m with platforms up to 6 m wide in front of the side entrances to the temple and opposite the altar.
In front of the main entrance to the temple, located, as a rule, on the western side, an area should be provided at the rate of 0.2 m2 per place in the temple.
The position of the temples is determined by the church requirement for the altar to be oriented in the eastern direction with a possible offset of up to 30° due to the urban planning features of the location of the site.
5.12 Temple buildings should, as a rule, be placed no closer than 3 m from the red building lines to organize a circular walk around the temple. During the reconstruction and construction of churches in areas of crowded urban development, this distance can be reduced, but with the possibility of organizing a circular walk, right up to the red building lines with the procession leaving the temple territory.
5.13 In the temple area, burials are allowed in accordance with the Sanitary Rules for the Construction and Maintenance of Cemeteries. The issue of each burial must be resolved with the participation of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities.
5.14 An auxiliary area intended for organizing parish, educational, charitable and other activities should, as a rule, be associated with the entrance and temple areas. In this zone it is recommended to place a church-parish house, a Sunday school, an almshouse or other buildings and structures in accordance with the design assignment.
The church-parish house, hotel and Sunday school can be separate or interconnected, and sometimes with a temple and a utility block. It is recommended to locate the almshouse adjacent to the green areas of the temple complex. Toilets for parishioners can be located in a separate building or be interconnected with other auxiliary buildings of the temple complex. Restrooms for clergy should be located separately from public restrooms.
5.15 Depending on the urban planning situation, buildings and structures for auxiliary purposes may be located on the temple site in accordance with the functional zoning of the territory, as well as in the stylobate part of the temple or in extensions to it.
5.16 The utility zone of the parish church complex, intended for the placement of utility structures, including warehouses, workshops, and a car garage vehicles, an area for a garbage disposal and a furnace device for burning memorial notes, must have convenient access from highways (including fire trucks) and be equipped with parking for trucks and cars belonging to the temple. The area of ​​the economic zone is determined by the size of buildings and structures for economic purposes, the number of vehicles determined by the design assignment, and is approximately 15% of the area of ​​the site. Access for cargo vehicles should be provided from the economic zone of the temple complex.
In large monastic complexes with a developed system of buildings and structures for economic purposes, when designing an economic zone, SNiP 2.09.02 should be followed.
5.17* On temple land plots, access roads should be provided to the main entrance to the temple, as well as to the main emergency exits from all buildings and structures included in the temple complex.
5.18 The area of ​​the parish church complex is, as a rule, fenced around the entire perimeter. It is recommended that the fence be made of decorative metal bars 1.5-2.0 m high. The main entrance should be located from the approaches and public transport stops, oriented towards the entrance to the temple. If the temple capacity is more than 300 people, a second entrance to the territory should be provided from the economic zone. The dimensions and design of gates in fences must ensure unobstructed passage for wheelchair users and elderly parishioners. Height

The buildings, structures and complexes of orthodox temples

Date of introduction 1999-12-27

Preface

1 DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Architectural and Artistic Design and Restoration Center of the Moscow Patriarchate ACC "Archtemple"

DEVELOPERS: architect. M.Yu. Kesler - topic leader; architect A.N. Obolensky (ACC "Archtemple") with the participation of: Ph.D. architect A.M.Garnets (Institute of Public Buildings), Ph.D. architect L.A. Viktorova (Federal Scientific and Technical Center for Construction Certification), Ph.D. tech. Sciences V.G. Gagarin, Ph.D. Sciences H.A. Shchirzhetsky (NIISF)

3 INTRODUCED for the first time

1 Application area

These rules apply to the design of newly constructed and reconstructed buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches, as well as premises of house churches built into buildings for other purposes. The design of monastic complexes, missions and diocesan centers must be carried out in accordance with approved design assignments, taking into account the requirements of this Code of Rules. The rules do not apply to the design of churches temporarily located in prefabricated and other similar buildings.

2 Normative references

The list of regulatory documents referenced in the Code of Practice is given in Appendix A.

When excluding from the existing normative documents referred to in this Code of Rules, one should be guided by the norms introduced to replace the excluded ones.

3 Terms and definitions

Terms and definitions are given in Appendix B.

4 General provisions

4.1 This Code of Rules was developed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 10-01 and is valid in development of SNiP 2.08.02.

4.2 Clauses of this Code of Rules marked with “*” are mandatory.

The provisions in bold are mandatory according to church requirements.

4.3 Complexes of Orthodox churches, in accordance with their functional purpose, are divided into diocesan centers, spiritual missions, parish and monastic complexes, and into churches as part of complexes, buildings and structures for public and residential purposes. Their location, approximate composition, main and additional set of buildings, structures and premises for liturgical and auxiliary purposes are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

4.4 The capacity of churches is determined by calculation based on the size and demographic composition of the population served in accordance with the methodology set out in Appendix D. The estimated capacity of city parish churches is given in Table 2.

Table 2

4.5 The most common type of temple complex is the parish one. An approximate list of groups of buildings, structures and premises of parish church complexes, which can be reduced or supplemented in the design assignment, is given in Table 3.

Table 3

4.6* When designing buildings and structures of complexes of Orthodox churches, devices and measures should be provided for convenient access for people with disabilities and their use of premises based on section 4 of SNiP 2.08.02 and VSN 62.

4.7* When reconstructing, restoring and overhauling buildings and structures of Orthodox churches that are historical and cultural monuments, in addition to the requirements specified in the Code of Rules, the requirements of the legislation on the protection and use of historical and cultural monuments should be taken into account.

In the case of new construction in the territories of historical and cultural monuments, design should be carried out on the basis of a plan assignment issued by the Department of State Control and Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments.

4.8* Design of fire protection of buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches, as well as compliance with fire safety regulations during their construction, reconstruction and repair must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-01, NPB 108, PPB 01 and other current norms and rules.

4.9* To calculate the total, usable and standardized area, construction volume, building area and number of floors of buildings and structures of complexes of Orthodox churches, one should be guided by Appendix 3 of SNiP 2.08.02 and Appendix B of this Code of Rules.

Architectural and artistic center of the Moscow Patriarchate ACC "ARCHHRAM"

ORTHODOX TEMPLES

Volume 2

ORTHODOX TEMPLES AND COMPLEXES

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION MANUAL (to SP 31-103-99)

MDS 31-9.2003

MOSCOW 2003

Orthodox churches. In three volumes. Volume 2. Orthodox churches and complexes: Manual on design and construction (to SP 31-103-99). MDS 31-9.2003/ACC "Archtemple". - M.: State Unitary Enterprise TsPP, 2003.

In 2000, a set of rules SP 31-103-99 “Buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches” was put into effect, which, due to the peculiarities of the regulatory document, provides only basic recommendations and calculated data. In order to more fully disclose the topic, the Architectural and Art Center “Archtemple” has developed a Manual in three volumes “Orthodox Temples”.

The first volume, “Idea and Image,” is a collection of individual articles and notes from various authors about Christian and, in particular, Russian church building and trends in its development. For the first time, it brings together thoughts about the temple, its meaning, architecture and symbolism, expressed by various authors, ranging from the patristic period to modern researchers. Problems of the history and theory of temple construction are illuminated both from a purely ecclesiastical point of view and from the point of view of secular science. This material serves as the basis for solving the problems of modern temple construction in line with the canonical tradition.

The second volume, “Orthodox Temples and Complexes,” is a manual on the design and construction of churches. He is dedicated as general principles, as well as the practical side of temple construction, contains recommendations on architectural, construction and engineering solutions, decoration of temples, hanging of bells, the procedure for development, approval and composition of project documentation and other sections, accompanied by illustrative material.

The third volume, “Examples of architectural and construction solutions,” presents additional graphic and illustrative material, including the following sections:

Russian temple construction of the 11th - 20th centuries;

projects and construction of Orthodox churches at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries;

modern projects and construction of wooden and stone churches, chapels, temple complexes;

examples of solutions for architectural elements and structures, interior decoration and decoration of churches.

The three-volume book “Orthodox Temples” is intended both for specialists in the field of temple construction and for a wide range of readers. The presented material provides additional knowledge to professional architects and builders, students of architectural and construction institutes and faculties, and can be used to introduce church leaders who are customers of churches to the basics of temple construction, including for a special course in religious educational institutions.

SP 258.1311500.2016

BOOK OF RULES

RELIGIOUS OBJECTS

Fire safety requirements

Buildings for using in religious purposes. Fire safety requirements

OKS 13.220.01

Date of introduction 2017-01-01

Preface

Preface

Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation established by Federal Law of June 29, 2016 N 162-FZ "On Standardization in the Russian Federation" *, and the rules for the application of sets of rules - by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On approval of the Rules for the development, approval, publication, amendment and cancellation of sets of rules" dated 1 July 2016 N 624
________________
*Probably an error in the original. Should read: Federal Law of June 29, 2015 N 162-FZ “On standardization in the Russian Federation”. - Database manufacturer's note.

Rulebook Details

1 DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor" Research Institute of Fire Defense EMERCOM of Russia (FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)

2 APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Order of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (EMERCOM of Russia) dated November 23, 2016 N 615

3 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart)

4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME


Information about revisions or amendments to this set of rules, as well as texts, are posted in the public information system - on the official website of the developer. The relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the federal executive body in the field of standardization on the Internet (www.gost.ru).

Introduction

The requirements of this set of rules do not apply to objects of protection (including objects of cultural heritage) that were put into operation or the design documentation for which was sent for examination before the date of entry into force of the relevant provisions of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ " Technical regulations on fire safety requirements".

Fire safety requirements that establish rules of behavior for people, the procedure for organizing production and (or) maintenance of territories, buildings, structures, premises and other objects of religious significance for all categories of objects of protection (including objects of cultural heritage), regardless of the time of their construction, are established by the Fire Safety Rules regime in the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 N 390.

1 Application area

1.1 This set of rules establishes fire safety requirements for the design and construction of newly constructed and reconstructed buildings, structures and premises of religious facilities.

1.2 This set of rules does not apply to the design of religious facilities temporarily located in prefabricated and other similar buildings.

1.3 This set of rules does not apply to the design of religious facilities with a height of more than 50 m, determined in accordance with 3.16, as well as to religious facilities with more than one underground floors, except for cases where parts of the building for which Regulatory documents in the field of fire safety have been developed, taking into account their underground placement, as well as co-location with religious objects.

1.4 This set of rules does not apply to buildings of religious veneration (pilgrimage), as well as to residential premises when services and other religious rites and ceremonies are performed in them. Fire safety requirements for the named residential premises are established in accordance with their functional fire hazard class.

1.5 In relation to buildings in which educational activities are carried out by religious educational organizations, subject to licensing in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as in relation to buildings intended for teaching religion, the fire safety requirements established for buildings of educational organizations are applied.

2 Normative references

This set of rules uses references to the following standardization documents:

GOST R 53292-2009 Fire retardant compounds and substances for wood and wood-based materials. General requirements. Test methods

SP 1.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits

SP 2.13130.2012 Fire protection systems. Ensuring fire resistance of protected objects

SP 3.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Warning and management system for evacuation of people in case of fire. Fire safety requirements

SP 4.13130.2013 Fire protection systems. Limiting the spread of fire at protection facilities. Requirements for space-planning and design solutions

SP 5.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design standards and rules

SP 6.13130.2013 Fire protection systems. Electrical equipment. Fire safety requirements

SP 7.13130.2013 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire requirements

SP 8.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Sources of external fire-fighting water supply. Fire safety requirements

SP 10.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Internal fire water supply. Fire safety requirements

SP 12.13130.2009 Determination of categories of premises, buildings and outdoor installations according to explosion and fire hazard

SP 31-103-99 Buildings, structures and complexes of Orthodox churches

SP 31-110-2003 Design and installation of electrical installations of residential and public buildings

SP 52.13330.2011 Natural and artificial lighting. Updated version of SNiP 23-05-95

SP 118.13330.2012 Public buildings and structures. Updated version of SNiP 06/31/2009

Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards and sets of rules in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or using the annually published information index "National Standards", which is published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly information signs published in the current year. If the reference document is replaced (changed), then when using this set of rules you should be guided by the replacing (changed) document. If the reference document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference to it is given applies to the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms and definitions

In this set of rules the following terms with corresponding definitions are used:

3.1 religious objects: Buildings, structures, premises, monasteries, temples and (or) other religious complexes, built or repurposed (the purpose of which has been changed) for the implementation and (or) provision of such types of activities of religious organizations as worship, other religious rites and ceremonies, holding prayer and religious meetings, teaching religion, professional religious education, monastic life, religious veneration (pilgrimage).

3.2 religious building: A building or structure intended for a prayer meeting of believers and religious ceremonies.

3.3 complex of religious buildings: A set of buildings and structures located on the adjacent territory of a religious building, or built into it, functionally connected with the religious building.

3.4 house church: A room (several rooms) for religious purposes, built-in (built-on, attached) to a building for another functional purpose, with simultaneous occupancy of no more than 50 people.

3.5 prayer hall of a religious building: The main room of a religious building, intended for the stay of believers during religious rites.

3.6 technological ladder (staircase): A staircase (staircase) designed to functionally connect floors, rooms or levels, and (or) used for equipment maintenance or repair work. The technological staircase (staircase) is not an evacuation staircase.

3.7 technological balcony: A building structure in the form of a balcony, used only for the installation or regular maintenance of technological equipment and not intended for the occupancy of visitors to the facility.

3.8 buildings (premises) for auxiliary purposes: Buildings (premises) built (attached, superstructured) into a religious building or located on the territory adjacent to the religious building, intended for its functioning, or functionally connected with it (church shops, security premises, residential buildings, hotels, schools, gymnasiums, utility rooms, storerooms, utility rooms, parking lots, garages, workshops).

3.9 stylobate (stylobate part of the building): The lower part (base) of a building is stepped.

3.10 economic zone: Part of the adjacent territory of a religious building, used to accommodate utility buildings, including warehouses, workshops, parking lots, parking lots, garages for vehicles and cleaning equipment, and waste disposal areas.

3.11 premises for worship and other religious rites and ceremonies: A room for worship and other religious rites and ceremonies.

3.12 dome: The covering of a building (or part thereof) of a round, square, polygonal, hemispherical or other complex geometric shape.

Note - The architectural completion of the temple building in the form of an onion, tent, helmet, spire, etc. It is not a dome and is an unheated architectural structure.

3.13 belfry: A free-standing, attached to a religious building or built over a religious building or part of it, an open structure or wall with openings intended for hanging bells.

3.14 belfry: A separate or attached (built-on) structure to a religious building in the form of a multi-tiered tower, designed for hanging bells.

3.15 minaret: A round, square or polygonal tower designed to announce the beginning of a religious ceremony.

3.16 height of the religious building: For the purposes of this set of rules, it is determined according to SP 1.13130.

Note - If there is an entrance for fire departments along the stylobate, the height of the building will be determined from the coverage of the passage along the stylobate. The height of bell towers and minarets that are not intended to accommodate observation platforms is not taken into account when determining the height of a building. The height of the building is determined by the height of the window sill of the window opening of the last level in use with permanent occupancy, except for bell towers and minarets.

4 General requirements

4.1 This set of rules discusses fire protection issues and establishes fire safety requirements for religious facilities of religious organizations registered on the territory of the Russian Federation in in the prescribed manner. For some faiths, additional requirements are given that take into account the specifics of the structure of buildings and the conduct of religious ceremonies.

4.2 When designing religious buildings, the requirements of regulatory documents in the field of fire safety must be taken into account in accordance with the functional fire hazard class to the extent that does not contradict this set of rules.

5 Fire safety requirements for the placement of buildings and structures. External water supply

5.1 Access for fire trucks to religious sites must be provided in accordance with the requirements of section 8 of SP 4.13130.

A religious building with a width of more than 100 m must be provided with access from all sides, regardless of its height.

5.2 Access for firefighters from ladders (car lifts) must be provided to any premises (along fire passages) with windows, and to the roofs of buildings (with the exception of superstructures - domes, towers, minarets, etc.), taking into account the capabilities of the equipment. The floors of the high-rise part of the religious building with the stylobate must also be provided with access for firefighters from ladders and vehicle lifts. If it is necessary to use stylobate roofs for the access of fire trucks, the stylobate structures must be designed for the appropriate load.

5.3 The height of the gate opening for fire trucks to enter the territory of a religious building (a complex of religious buildings) must be at least 4.5 m, and the width - at least 3.5 m.

5.4 Fire truck entrances must be arranged to fire hydrants and main emergency exits from the building, as well as to the installation sites of external pipes of the internal fire water supply network for connecting fire pumps of vehicles.

5.5 The distance from religious buildings to neighboring buildings and structures, depending on their degree of fire resistance, should be taken in accordance with SP 4.13130.

5.6 The installation of external fire water supply must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 8.13130.

5.7 Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of a religious building should be no less than specified in SP 8.13130. For religious buildings with a volume from 25,000 m to 150,000 m, water consumption for external fire extinguishing should be at least 25 l/s.

6 Requirements for space-planning and design solutions

6.1 The degree of fire resistance, the class of structural fire hazard, the permissible height of buildings and the floor area within the fire compartment for religious buildings should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 2.13130. The maximum floor for the placement of prayer halls and their permissible capacity should be taken in accordance with Table 1.

6.2 The fire resistance limit of load-bearing structures of balconies, loggias, galleries in prayer halls of buildings of I-III degrees of fire resistance must be at least R 45, in prayer halls of IV degree of fire resistance - R 15. In prayer halls of IV-V degrees of fire resistance, placement of visitors on balconies, loggias , galleries are not allowed.

Table 1

Note - In buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance of structural fire hazard classes not lower than C1, the maximum floor for placing prayer halls with a capacity of less than 50 people is not standardized.

6.3 It is not allowed to build into religious buildings of IV-V degrees of fire resistance and attach premises for other purposes to them, with the exception of premises and structures necessary to notify the beginning of prayer (bell towers, bell towers, minarets, etc.), with no more than 5 people, as well as with the exception of other premises (except for functional fire hazard class F5) with a total number of people more than 15 people. Premises of functional fire hazard class F5 can be built into the specified religious buildings and attached to them in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety.

6.4 The number of floors and requirements for the placement of premises on underground and ground floors should be determined in accordance with SP 118.13330. The number of storeys of a religious building does not include the number of tiers of attached or built-on parts of the building without permanent occupancy of people (bell tower, belfry, minaret, etc.), with the exception of the case of possible simultaneous occupancy of more than 5 people (observation deck), as well as balconies and galleries with an area of ​​less than 40 % of the floor area of ​​the room.

6.5 Religious buildings IV-V degrees of fire resistance can have no more than one floor, buried below the planning level of the ground by more than 0.5 m. No more than 20 people are allowed to stay on this floor at the same time.

6.6 Placing a prayer hall with a total capacity of no more than 300 people below the planning level of the ground is allowed in religious buildings of I-III degrees of fire resistance. In this case, the placement of the prayer hall should be provided no lower than the basement floor, and in the absence of a basement and the presence of underground floors - no lower than the first underground floor. If there is a basement floor recessed by more than 0.5 m, the placement of the prayer hall can be provided no lower than this basement floor. The placement of premises other than the main functional purpose in the basement, basement, underground floors is permitted in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations.

6.7 Basement and underground floors, as well as basement floors buried more than 0.5 m, with the exception of premises for religious ceremonies, must be divided into compartments and provided with separate evacuation and emergency exits in accordance with the requirements of fire safety regulations.

Functional communication of premises located on the first or ground floor, buried less than 0.5 m (including with a prayer hall), with the premises of the underlying floor may be carried out through a technological staircase, separated by fire partitions of the 1st type at the level the floor below. The specified staircase must have a vestibule at the entrance at the level of the underlying floor with air pressure in the event of a fire, or air pressure in the event of a fire must be provided into the staircase. The specified staircase is not taken into account when calculating the parameters of escape routes. When designing an air pressurization system, you should be guided by the requirements of SP 7.13130. It is permissible to provide an open staircase to connect the prayer hall (altar) with the liturgical premises on the floor below, with no more than 15 people staying at a time.

6.8 The minimum height of prayer halls from floor to ceiling must be at least 3 m. In auxiliary rooms and on the balcony to accommodate the choir, the height of the premises can be reduced to 2.5 m.

The height of all parts of the house church can be the same and correspond to the height of the floor of the building into which the house church is built.

6.9 The use of multi-light spaces and balconies (galleries, etc.) to accommodate more than 15 people is allowed only for prayer halls with a maximum number of levels of no more than two (including the floor of the prayer hall). Balconies for the choir and technological balconies (galleries, etc.) are not taken into account when calculating the number of levels.

6.10 The design of a fire protection system for auxiliary buildings, including those built into a religious building, should be carried out taking into account the fire safety requirements for buildings of the corresponding functional fire hazard class.

6.11 A religious building attached to or built into a building for another functional purpose must be allocated to a separate fire compartment and provided with separate evacuation exits, except for the cases provided for by this set of rules. In this case, the degree of fire resistance of a religious building must not be lower than the degree of fire resistance of the building to which it is attached (built in).

6.12 Premises of house churches and similar premises with a total capacity of no more than 50 people can be built into buildings for various purposes, with the exception of buildings of class F5, and located in the ground floor, basement or above-ground part in accordance with the requirements of Table 1. These premises must be allocated fire protection type 3 ceilings, type 2 fire walls (or type 1 fire partitions) with appropriate filling of openings and provided with independent evacuation exits.

In the halls of airports and train stations, it is allowed to place house churches in a part of the hall separated by mobile partitions with a non-standardized fire resistance limit. In this case, the remaining requirements of fire safety regulations must be met.

6.13 Premises and buildings for auxiliary purposes can be located on the site of the religious building complex in the stylobate part, or can be attached or built into the religious building.

6.14 Auxiliary premises and groups of premises for various purposes, functionally connected with a religious building, may be built into religious buildings or attached to them, taking into account the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety and the requirements of sections 6, 7 of this set of rules.

6.15 Premises (groups of premises) for various functional purposes, with the exception of prayer halls, with a total capacity of more than 50 people and premises for round-the-clock stay of people (hotels, cell rooms, etc.) with a total number of simultaneously staying more than 20 people should be designed in separate buildings, or be separated into independent fire compartments.

6.16 Premises (groups of premises) intended for teaching religion and (or) cultural and educational activities with a total capacity of more than 15 people, built into a religious building, must be located on above-ground floors, have natural light and be separated into a separate block by fire partitions of the 1st type and fire-resistant floors of the 3rd type, having at least two independent evacuation exits from each floor.

Placing premises specifically designed for children in the basement is not permitted.

6.17 Entrance doors to storerooms for storing lamp oil in quantities of more than 20 liters must be equipped with thresholds at least 2 cm high.

6.18 Exits to the roof may be provided from the bell tower (belfry) if there is a staircase leading to it with a flight width of at least 1.2 meters through an opening measuring at least 1.50 x 0.75 meters.

6.19 In buildings of I-III degrees of fire resistance, structural fire hazard class C0, roof and dome structures ( rafter systems, lathing, insulation), separated from the rest of the building by floors with a fire resistance limit of at least REI 45, may be made of combustible materials. In this case, access to the roof and installation of roof fences is not required.

Laying electrical networks, with the exception of lightning protection, in the above structures is not allowed.

7 Ensuring safe evacuation and saving people in case of fire

7.1 The premises of prayer halls must have at least two emergency exits in the event of:

- simultaneous presence of more than 50 people;

- simultaneous stay of more than 15 people in religious buildings built into buildings of class F1.1 or located on their territory.

7.2 Religious buildings (with the exception of house churches) built into buildings for other functional purposes must be provided with separate emergency exits.

7.3 Premises and groups of premises for other functional purposes, built into a religious building or attached to it, must be provided with emergency exits in accordance with the requirements of sections 6, 7 of this set of rules and regulatory documents on fire safety.

7.4 Floors of a religious building, buried more than 0.5 m, must have emergency exits separate from the upper floors. At the same time, floors buried by more than 0.5 m, in which premises for religious purposes are located, as a rule, must be provided with separate evacuation exits from floors with premises for other purposes (including from underlying floors). It is allowed to provide common staircases with one underlying floor intended only for laying utility networks.

7.5 The finishing of the walls, ceilings and floors of the prayer hall, as well as escape routes, should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory legal acts and fire safety regulations.

7.6 The greatest distance from any point of the prayer hall without the estimated number of seats to the nearest emergency exit should be taken according to Table 2.

Table 2

7.7 When combining evacuation passages into a common passage, its width must be no less than the total width of the combined passages.

7.8 The width of emergency exits from a prayer hall without an estimated number of seats is determined by the number of people evacuating through the exit according to Table 3, and it must be at least 1.2 m for a hall with a capacity of more than 50 people in a building of any degree of fire resistance.

Table 3

7.9 The width of the emergency exit from the corridor to the stairwell, as well as the width of the flights of stairs, should be set depending on the number of people evacuating through this exit based on 1 m of the exit width, the degree of fire resistance and the class of structural fire hazard in accordance with Table 4. In this case, the width of the flights staircases leading to floors with a prayer hall and intended for parishioners must be at least 1.35 m.

Table 4

7.10 The parameters of evacuation routes and exits from prayer halls with the estimated number of seats must be determined by calculation.

Evacuation routes from prayer halls must ensure the conditions for safe evacuation of people in case of fire: the sum of the estimated evacuation time and the start time of evacuation must be less than the required evacuation time. At the same time, the width of emergency exits from a prayer hall with a capacity of more than 50 people must be at least 1.2 m, the width of the flights of stairs leading to the prayer halls and intended for parishioners must be at least 1.35 m.

Time is defined as 0.8, where is the time of blocking escape routes from the hall. is established by calculation in accordance with the methodology.

If it is not possible to determine by calculation, it is allowed to take the value according to Table 5, taking into account the requirements of subsection 6.1 SP 1.13130.

The required evacuation time from the building as a whole should be no more than 6.5 minutes.

Table 5

The estimated time for evacuation of people in case of fire and the start time of evacuation must be determined in accordance with the methodology.

7.11 The clear width of the main emergency exits from the religious building to the adjacent territory must be at least 1.2 m.

7.12 The width of the entrance vestibule to a religious building must exceed the width of the doorway by at least 0.15 m on each side, and the depth of the vestibule must exceed the width of the door leaf by at least 0.2 m.

7.13 The installation of thresholds with a height of more than 2 cm in doorways of evacuation exits from places of worship is not allowed.

7.14 The width of the external staircase at the entrance to a religious building must be at least 2.2 m, and platforms with a height of more than 0.45 m from the ground level, located at the entrances to religious buildings, must have fences at least 0.9 m high.

7.15 At facilities with simultaneous occupancy of more than 50 people, evacuation lighting must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 31-110 and SP 52.13330.

7.16 Evacuation from structures intended to announce the beginning of prayer (bell towers, belfries, minarets), with no more than five people staying at the same time, can be carried out using a spiral staircase with a width of at least 0.7 m. When organizing an observation deck with one exit, its capacity may be provided no more than 30 people. The staircase intended for evacuation from the observation deck must have direct access to the outside and comply with the requirements of fire safety regulations.

For a belfry located at a height of no more than 28 m, not intended to accommodate an observation deck, it is allowed to provide access to the lower room, provided with emergency exits in accordance with the requirements of the standards or this set of rules, via a vertical or ordinary staircase through a fire hatch with dimensions no less than 0.6 x 0.8 m or a door with dimensions of at least 1.50 x 0.75 m. The height of the climb on a vertical ladder should not exceed 2 m, and on a regular ladder - 5 m. The fire resistance limit of a hatch in buildings I-II degrees of fire resistance must be no less than EI 60, in buildings of III-V degrees of fire resistance - no less than EI 30.

7.17 From a balcony not intended to accommodate parishioners, with no more than 15 people staying at a time, it is allowed to provide one emergency exit. The specified exit may be provided via an open staircase made of non-combustible materials directly into the prayer hall. It is allowed to provide the specified stairs made of combustible materials in buildings of IV and V degrees of fire resistance. In buildings of I-III degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed to provide wooden stairs treated with fire-retardant compounds of the first group of fire-retardant efficiency in accordance with GOST 53292. In this case, measures must be taken to protect the steps from abrasion through the use of special coatings. The width of the flights of stairs must be at least 0.8 m. If there are no more than 10 people on the balcony at the same time, the open staircase can be made with a spiral or winder steps. In this case, the width of the tread in the middle should be at least 0.18 m.

7.18 The doors of emergency exits, as a rule, should open in the direction of evacuation, except in cases specified in fire safety regulations. The direction of door opening is not standardized for premises intended only to accommodate clergy and religious personnel during worship.

7.19 When calculating the parameters of evacuation routes and emergency exits, the number of worshipers in religious buildings should be taken:

- for prayer halls of religious buildings with an estimated number of visitors - based on the number of seats plus the number of people determined on the basis of 0.8 m of prayer hall area per person, not occupied by equipment;

- for prayer halls of religious buildings with an unreasonable number of visitors - at the rate of 0.5 m of prayer hall area per person, including the area occupied by equipment;

- for the altar - based on 5 m of altar area per person, including the area occupied by equipment;

- for other premises - in accordance with the functional purpose of these premises.

The area of ​​auxiliary premises, as well as part of the area of ​​the prayer hall not intended to accommodate worshipers, are not taken into account when determining the number of people in a religious building.

When calculating the number and parameters of evacuation exits from the prayer hall, exits to the outside from premises intended only to accommodate clergy are not taken into account.

7.20 If, based on the specifics of the worship service, the exit of parishioners from the religious building cannot be carried out through entrance doors, it is not allowed to take into account the entrances to a religious building when determining the number and width of emergency exits.

7.21 It is allowed for the staircase leading to the belfry (bell tower) to the bell ringer’s workplace or to the level for accommodating the choir (no more than 15 people), to provide natural lighting through light openings with a total area of ​​at least 0.6 m.

7.22 Requirements for escape routes and emergency exits not specified in this set of rules should be adopted in accordance with SP 1.13130.

8 Fire safety engineering systems

8.1 General requirements

8.1.1 Religious buildings must be equipped with fire safety engineering systems in accordance with the requirements of this section, regulations and fire safety regulations.

8.1.2 In the absence of the technical ability to equip religious buildings with fire safety engineering systems in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety (the difficulty of installing fire detectors in a double-height or under-dome space, the impossibility of providing for measures to remove smoke from a double-height or under-dome space due to lack of access for maintenance, etc.) it is necessary to provide for a fire risk calculation in accordance with the methodology to confirm the condition of compliance of the protected object with fire safety requirements.

8.2 Requirements for internal fire water supply

8.2.1 Internal fire water supply in a religious building should be provided for building volumes of 7500 m3 or more.

The need to install an internal fire-fighting water supply and water consumption for buildings divided into parts by fire walls of types I and II is determined by the characteristics of that part of the building where the highest water consumption is required.

In religious buildings of structural fire hazard class C0, it is allowed not to provide for the installation of fire hydrants in prayer halls (with the exception of prayer halls with an iconostasis made of flammable materials).

The number of fire nozzles and water consumption for internal fire extinguishing of parts of a building for other functional purposes, allocated to an independent fire compartment, should be provided in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents for protection objects of the corresponding class of functional fire hazard.

8.2.2 For a religious building, the minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken according to Table 6.

8.2.3 For internal extinguishing of domes and sub-dome structures made of flammable materials (with the exception of buildings of IV and V degrees of fire resistance, as well as buildings with a prayer hall volume of less than 7.5 thousand m), it is necessary to install dry pipes with deluge sprinklers equipped with exhaust outside with pipes equipped with GM 80 connection heads for connecting fire fighting equipment. The flow rate and intensity of irrigation of the protected area, as well as the duration of water supply, should be taken as for the 1st group of premises in accordance with the requirements of SP 5.13130. It is allowed not to equip the specified dry pipes with pipes leading outside when combined with an internal fire-fighting water supply system. In this case, the total flow required for both systems must be ensured, and the connection of dry pipes to the internal fire water supply must be carried out through a shut-off device with automatic or manual start. Manual release devices should be located near emergency exits from the prayer hall.

Under-dome spaces separated from the rest of the building by fireproof ceilings (in accordance with the degree of fire resistance of the building) may not be equipped with a fire extinguishing system. In this case, openings in the specified ceilings must be filled with fire hatches with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 30.

8.2.4 The installation of internal fire water supply should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 10.13130.

8.2.5 In the premises of prayer halls in buildings of structural fire hazard class C0, the height of the compact part of the jet may be taken taking into account the provision of irrigation of the upper part of the iconostasis or building structures made of flammable materials.

8.3 Heating, ventilation and smoke protection

8.3.1 Fire safety measures for heating, ventilation and smoke protection systems must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 7.13130.

8.3.2 The possibility of using stove heating and its characteristics should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 7.13130.

8.3.3 To protect the prayer hall, it is allowed to provide exhaust smoke ventilation systems with natural draft induction through shafts with fire-prevention normally closed valves or smoke hatches (including as part of skylights or light drum windows) located on the roof of the prayer hall, regardless of the number of floors the building itself. To compensate for the removed volume with supply air, external exit doorways that open automatically and remotely in case of fire can be used.

8.4 Automatic fire alarm, automatic fire extinguishing, fire warning and evacuation control systems

8.4.1. The need to equip buildings with automatic fire alarms and automatic fire extinguishing installations, as well as the requirements for them, are determined by SP 5.13130.

8.4.2. When choosing detectors, you should take into account the specific use of the premises (use of incense, candles, etc.).

8.4.3 Religious buildings must be equipped with fire warning systems. The type of warning system is determined in accordance with paragraphs 6 or 7 of Table 2 SP 3.13130 ​​SO 153-34.21.122

SO 153-34.21.122-2003 Instructions for the installation of lightning protection of buildings, structures and industrial communications

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M.: Standartinform, 2017