Slavic runes and alphabet. What language did the Vikings speak Scandinavian runic alphabet

Initially, runes were simply magical images in the form of symbols, each of which denoted a certain god and controlled a certain element: Water, Fire, Air or Earth.

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Slavic runes and alphabet

The ancient Slavs are an extremely educated people. They had their own alphabet and well-developed writing. The basis of the alphabet was runes - complex characters with several meanings. The “ABC” of Cyril and Mifody, which appeared later, is only part of the ancient heritage left by the Slavic civilization.

Slavic runes were used not only to compose texts, but also to conduct all kinds of rituals. In addition, they served as the main elements in the creation of amulets and protective prayers. At the time of its existence, the runic alphabet was the most perfect type of writing. One character could mean a single letter, word or action. Archaeologists have established that the Slavs had exactly 144 signs.

Nobody knows the exact number of runes: historians believe that there were several million of them. And those 18 runes that we use today are a drop in the ocean and echoes of the once developed runic alphabet.

How to write in Slavic runes?

When writing texts, a well-thought-out system is used. All symbols are arranged in a row, and each row must have 16 individual characters. The number of rows is nine. It is also allowed to write 32 and 64-digit series. In this case, the written symbols will complement the main 16 runes written earlier. Roughly speaking, every second rune will interpret, complement or develop the meaning of the previous symbol.

Reading characters

The process of reading Slavic runes has its own characteristics: without a correct understanding of the inscribed symbols, it is impossible to understand their meaning. As we have already said, a single rune can mean a letter, a word, or an entire image. Initially, the lines are read in accordance with the rules of the Russian language - from left to right. After that, the runes are read in the opposite direction - from right to left, and the reading begins with the last, 9th rune in the line.

The interpretation of what is written is carried out both in the form of individual letters and images. But this requires significant experience and knowledge of the ancient Slavic culture.

Symbol translation

It is an analogue of the modern letter M

Meaning: help from outside, a detailed understanding of what is happening, asking for blessings from higher powers. It symbolizes goodness, and therefore is not used for rituals with a negative meaning.

Analogue in the alphabet are Ch and C at the same time

Meaning: symbolizes evil in all its manifestations, encourages to break the shackles, change established principles and forget past grievances. It is also a symbol of duality and evil deeds committed in the name of a great goal.

It is an analogue of A - the first letter of the alphabet

It symbolizes the beginning and the point on which our universe rests. The rune hides the beginning and the end, multi-ton weight and light fluff, a microscopic element and a huge cosmos. This is a sign of cyclicality and endless roads open to exploration.

The analogue in the modern alphabet is the letter P

Meaning is a short path that connects Earth and Heaven. This order is interpreted as a journey and fulfillment of the plan. This is a reward for the work done and satisfaction with communication.

Corresponds to the modern letter H

Meaning: symbolizes the cleansing fire that descends on evil people. Interpretation of a positive meaning: awareness of one's own shortcomings, humility of pride and the destruction of empty desires. Interpretation of a negative meaning: coercion to action, suppression of the will, hard fate.

Corresponds to modern letters G and K

Meaning: a cleansing fire that opens the way to well-being and new achievements, the desire for new knowledge, the possibility of choice, getting rid of the shackles.

Corresponds to the modern letter T

Translation of the Slavic rune: a symbol of a warrior who strives for his Altar. It is a symbol of strict rules, excessive demands and sacrifice in the name of a great goal. It also symbolizes a game in which it is impossible to violate the established order. Victory lies in the observance of common truths and a fair fight.

Corresponds to the letter C of the Slavic alphabet

Meaning and translation: symbolizes the force that affects a person or circumstance. It is also a symbol of the efforts made to change the situation.

Corresponds to the letter B

Meaning and translation: variability, problems, destruction, power and strength. This is the embodiment of the main element - the wind, which can sweep away everything in its path. If you harness this power, then a person will be able to move in the right direction. For a more accurate value, it is necessary to compare this rune with neighboring signs.

Meaning: interaction with the earth's firmament and water surface, material wealth, family well-being, completion of the black stripe, patronage of the gods. Often used to enhance female charms, knowledge of wisdom and increase soil fertility.

In the Slavic alphabet corresponds to U

Main meaning: symbolizes feminine beauty and masculine strength. It is an energy that can connect loving hearts and give birth to new life. It is a symbol of carnal love, fertility and transformation.

In appearance, it resembles a modern L

The meaning of the Slavic rune: it is a symbol of youth, female beauty, awakening from winter sleep. It hides the concept of family well-being, the joy of motherhood, intuition and the power of female charms.

Similar in spelling to the letter X.

Translation of the Slavic runes: fate, human karma, the inevitability of events, a predetermined path. It is also a symbol of hope. A more accurate definition is possible in the presence of other runes.

Similar to O

Meaning: help from higher powers, circle or zone of influence, firmness of character, intentions and chosen position. In magical rites, it is used to influence a specific object or person.

Corresponds to D

Meaning: symbolizes the powerful Slavic god DazhdBog. He is the personification of warmth, care, help and assistance. This is a wise old man, around whom young men gather, adopting knowledge. Dazhdbog passes on to his descendants a legacy that needs to be preserved and multiplied. It is also a symbol of material wealth, satisfaction with work, and productivity.

Corresponds to the modern letter P

The meaning and translation of the Slavic rune: a symbol of justice. You can use this sign only if a person is confident in his actions and the chosen position. It is also a symbol of the defender who defends his home.

Corresponds to the letter E

Meaning and translation: the regularity of life, the immutability of the laws of being, renewal, growth and development. It embodies the vital juices flowing through the branches of all earthly vegetation. It is the energy of the sun converted into nutrients.

Corresponds to the letter I from the modern alphabet

Meaning and free translation: ice, the power of cold winds, the basis of all things, development.

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What is the runic alphabet? In the minds of modern man, this concept is closely connected with Scandinavia. However, there are several dozen runic alphabets, and Russia also had its own. Let's analyze all the differences and generalizing points associated with.

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Story

The younger futhark was used for domestic purposes and served for writing letters and other records. The elder futhark was used only for magical purposes; it was never used in everyday practice. The runic row of the elder futhark was used only by the initiates, since the sacred meaning of the runes was known only to them.

Also known is the Gothic runic row, which was used in Eastern Europe. The Anglo-Saxon alphabet of runes appeared as a result of the movement of Germanic tribes to Britain. There was also a mixture of the Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon runic series - Marcomannic runes.

Over time, the rune alphabet underwent phonetic and graphic changes, some signs were added, and some symbols were eliminated.

Encrypted runes

These inscriptions were magical in nature and were called ligature. Runic ligature is a combination of several runic signs into one. The result is a graphic drawing endowed with a magical meaning. Knitted runes are the writing of characters on a common vertical line.

Branching runes are also a secret writing method. It is distinguished by the image not of the rune itself, but of its serial number in the atta and the number of the atta itself. The drawing looked like this: horizontally directed lines were drawn on a vertical line, indicating a serial number (three lines - number three, etc.). The lines on the left indicate the ordinal number of the atta, on the right - the ordinal number of the character in the futhark.

Armanic Futhark

This is a runic alphabet for fortune telling. The signs have been slightly changed and two new ones have been added. The alphabet for predictions on runes was introduced by the modern researcher Guido von List.

Rune use

In the modern world, the rune alphabet is used only for magical purposes. In esoteric stores you can find rune sets for predictions, runic talismans and amulets. Sets are made from certain types of wood, bone or stone. At home, you can make a set of salt dough.

Runologists have invented an additional twenty-fifth rune, denoting pure fate. It was called the rune of Odin. For magical purposes, they make up special spells for runic staves - visas. In visas, the runologist expresses his intention, with the help of which runic flows should be sent to change circumstances.

Runes are elongated and angular letters of the ancient Germans, the ancestors of the modern English, Dutch, Germans, Danes, Norwegians and Swedes. The oldest known monuments of runic writing date back to the middle of the 2nd century AD. e. The study of the inscription of the runes shows their origin from the Latin alphabet: signs ᚠ, ᚢ, ᚱ, ᚲ, ᚺ, ᛁ, ᛏ, ᛒ, ᛚ almost completely repeat the inscriptions of the corresponding Latin letters - F, U, R, C, H, I, T, B, L. The runes ᚨ, ᛊ, ᛗ, ᛞ and ᛟ, in which the letters A are guessed a little further , S, M, D and O.

The runic alphabet, like many other alphabets, is called by its initial letters. The Greek word for "alphabet" (ἀλφάβητος) is formed from the names of its first two letters - "alpha" (ἄλφα) and "beta" (βῆτα). The Russian word "alphabet" is formed according to the same scheme: from the names of the letters "az" and "beeches".- Futhark (ᚠᚢᚦᚨᚱᚲ). The oldest runic futhark contained 24 characters: ᚠᚢᚦᚨᚱᚲᚷᚹ ᚺᚾᛁᛃᛇᛈᛉᛊ ᛏᛒᛖᛗᛚᛜᛞᛟ (fuþarkgw hnijïpzs tbemlŋdo in Latin transcription), and the later Scandinavian younger runic futhark - 16: ᚠᚢᚦᚯᚱᚴ ᚼᚾᛁᛅᛋ ᛏᛒᛘᛚᛣ (fuþąrk hnias tbmlR). The third futhark rune ᚦ, representing the same sounds as th in English and θ in Greek, is still used in the Icelandic alphabet (its other letters are taken from Latin).

Most of the Germanic peoples used runes, but they were gradually supplanted by the Latin alphabet. Runes lasted least of all in Germany; the ancestors of the English, the Anglo-Saxons, continued to write in runes until the 10th century, and the Scandinavians until the late Middle Ages. In the remote Swedish province of Dalarna, runes survived into the 20th century, with hundreds of runic inscriptions preserved on buildings, furniture, tools, and utensils from the last four centuries. Many of them are the owner's signatures, but there are also more lengthy texts, for example, an inscription on a wooden table, made in the hungry year of 1730, reads: “A lot of food will fit on this table. He would be happy who would have so much.

2. Why runes look like this

Having borrowed most of the letters from the Romans, the ancient Germans changed their style so that it was more convenient to cut or scratch the signs on the tree. Because of this, the runes received elongated proportions and a chopped look. For the same reason, classical Germanic runes contained only vertical and diagonal strokes, or “trunks” and “branches”: it is impossible to draw rounded and horizontal elements by drawing signs across the wooden fibers.

A planer from Vimos with an inscription on an older runic futhark. Funen Island, Denmark, circa 300s Nationalmuseet, Danmark

A crest from Vimos with an inscription on an older runic futhark. Funen, Denmark, circa 160s Nationalmuseet, Danmark

3. Who else wrote in runes

The German word "runes" also refers to the outwardly similar ancient Turkic, or Orkhon-Yenisei, writing that existed in Central Asia in the 8th-10th centuries AD. e. The most important monuments of Orkhon-Yenisei writing are stone stelae installed in Mongolia, Southern Siberia and Semirechye (near Lakes Balkhash and Issyk-Kul). The inscriptions brought to us unique information about the history of the Turkic Khaganates and, no less important, the language of that era. The Turkic runic alphabet was deciphered in 1893 by the great Danish linguist Wilhelm Thomsen.

"Book of Divination" ("Irk Bitig"). Presumably 9th century

Written in Turkic runic writing. Found in 1907 in the Chinese province of Gansu.

"Book of Divination" ("Irk Bitig"). Presumably 9th century

Written in Turkic runic writing. Found in 1907 in the Chinese province of Gansu.

In the image and likeness of the Germanic runes, several artificial scripts were also created in the fictional world of John R. R. Tolkien. An Oxford professor and specialist in Old English language and literature, Tolkien not only knew many ancient languages, but also invented new ones, diligently developing their grammar and alphabets. One of them, kirta, is based on Germanic runes. Kirt, for example, made a gravestone inscription “Balin, son of Fundin, sovereign of Moria”, found by the heroes of The Lord of the Rings in an underground city.

4. Are runes related to magic?

The traditional idea of ​​​​the close connection of runes with magic appeared in modern times. By that time, the runes had already been forced out of the practical sphere by the Latin alphabet and continued to be used in Scandinavia only for divination and secret writing. Each rune in the futhark had a name: ᚠ - fehu ("cattle, wealth"), ᚢ - ūruz ("bull, bison"), ᚦ - þurisaz ("giant"), ᚨ -ansuz ("god, as"), ᚱ - raidō ("path, wagon") and so on, so sometimes they were used as ideograms Ideogram- a written sign denoting a concept (and not, for example, a sound or a syllable).. So, the rune ᚠ could be inscribed as a wish for property well-being.

Perhaps it was about the Germanic runes that he wrote at the end of the 1st century AD. e. Roman historian Tacitus:

“They cut a branch cut from a fruit tree into slices and, having applied special signs on them, then pour it out as it should on a snow-white cloth. After that, if fortune-telling is done for public purposes, the priest of the tribe, if privately - the head of the family, having prayed to the gods and looking up to the sky, takes out one plate three times and interprets what is predicted in accordance with the signs scraped on them in advance.

The magical use of runes flourished later. The medieval saga about the Icelandic skald (poet) of the 10th century, Egil Skallagrimsson, tells:

“When they already had the sails ready, Egil again went up to the island. He took a hazel pole and climbed with it to a rocky promontory facing the mainland. Egil took the horse's skull and planted it on the pole. Then he cast a spell, saying: “I erect this pole here and send a curse to King Eirik and his wife Gunnhild,” he turned the horse's skull towards the mainland. “I send a curse to the spirits that inhabit this country so that they all wander without a road and find no rest for themselves until they drive out King Eirik and Gunnhild from Norway.” Then he drove the pole into the crevice of the rock and left it there. He turned the horse's skull towards the mainland, and on the poles he carved the spell he said with runes.

5. Where can you find runic inscriptions

Runes can be found everywhere where the Germans lived, and especially the Scandinavians. Every year, archaeologists present runologists - as researchers of runic inscriptions are called - more and more new finds.

The oldest Old Runic inscriptions are concentrated in the north of Germany, on the Jutland Peninsula and in Scandinavia, and then spread throughout Europe along with various Germanic tribes, reaching the territory of modern Ukraine and Bosnia.

In the British Isles and Friesland (now the Netherlands) in the 5th-11th centuries, a variant of runic writing was used, called Anglo-Saxon or Anglo-Frisian runes. This variety of futhark has been supplemented to fully reproduce the sounds of the closely related Old English and Old Frisian languages.

The most common type of runes - junior runes - developed by the 9th century in Scandinavia to record the Old Norse language. It is logical that most of the inscriptions in younger runes have been preserved on the Scandinavian Peninsula and in Denmark. But not only. The Vikings also left them on the balustrades and window sills of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople - and even on the marble lion that stood at the entrance to the Piraeus harbor near Athens and was taken to Venice in the 17th century.

Piraeus lion. Photo from 1920Swedish National Heritage Board

Runic drawing from the paw of the Piraeus lion. Drawing of 1857En Nordisk Runeindskrift i Piræus, med Forklaring af C. C. Rafn, 1857

Half of the six thousand runic inscriptions known today are carved on the so-called runic stones - steles installed in memory of a deceased relative. Almost all inscriptions on runic stones begin with a listing of the names of the customers and a message about the installation of the rune stone, after which the name of the deceased and his family relationship with the customers are indicated. For example, “Bergswein and Sigfast and Friedi installed this stone after Buri, their father. Carved Fartegn.

Görlev Stone No. 1. Denmark, 800–850

The inscription on the stone: “Thyodvi placed this stone along Odinkaur.
fþąrkhniastbmlR Enumeration of all the younger runic futhark.. Take care of the grave! þmkiiissstttiiiillll Patter: þistil - thistle,
mistil - mistletoe, kistil - chest.. I placed the runes correctly. Gunny, Armund.

Stone from Jerminn No. 1. Denmark, 970-1020

The inscription on the stone: "Tolv set this stone for Hradi, his brother, a very good warrior."

A big event in the study of runic writing was the finds of archaeologists in the Norwegian Bergen in the second half of the 20th century. Like those from Novgorod on the banks of the Volkhov, hundreds of wooden rods and runic tablets have been preserved in the damp ground of the Bergen harbor. Smaller complexes of household inscriptions on wooden and bone objects were also found in other cities of Scandinavia. Today, more than two thousand runic "letters" are known.

Among the inscriptions on wooden rods there are also love letters, for example: “My beloved, kiss me!” Also among them there are inclusions written in runes, but in Latin - usually these are fragments of prayer content.

Scandinavian funeral inscriptions also influenced ancient Russian monumental epigraphy, few examples of which have come down to us. On the eastern outskirts of the Novgorod land, in Voymeritsy on the Msta River, near Lyubytin, in the 11th century, a stone cross was erected with a Cyrillic inscription: “The brothers and mothers of Miroslav put a christ to Boguslav and Lazarev. Slavone delale”, that is, translated from the Old Novgorod dialect “Brothers and mother Miroslav put an end to Boguslav and Lazar. Made by Slavon.

Runic writing in Russia continued to be used in the 12th century, and possibly survived until the 13th century: in Smolensk, in the layers of the 12th century, archaeologists found a younger birchbark letter of several words, and in Maskovichi near Braslav (the current Vitebsk region of Belarus) - individual runes and brief records on dozens of bone fragments. By the 13th century, the newcomers Scandinavians, apparently, were completely assimilated.

Sources

• Melnikova E. Scandinavian runic inscriptions. New finds and interpretations: Texts. Translation. Comment.

The first arguments in favor of the existence of the Slavic pynic writing were put forward at the beginning of the last century; some of the testimonies cited then are now attributed to the Glagolitic alphabet, and not to the “runitsa”, some turned out to be simply untenable, but a number of arguments remain valid to this day. So, it is impossible to argue with the testimony of Titmar, who, describing the Slavic temple of Retra, located in the lands of the Luticians, points to the fact that inscriptions were made on the idols of this temple, made by “special”, non-Germanic ryns. It would be completely absurd to assume that Titmar, being an educated person, could not have recognized the standard junior Scandinavian ryns if the names of the gods on the idols would have been inscribed by them.

Massydi, describing one of the Slavic temples, mentions some signs carved on stones. Ibn Fodlan, speaking about the Slavs of the end of the 1st millennium, points to the existence of grave inscriptions on pillars among them. Ibn El Nedim speaks about the existence of Slavic pre-Cyrillic writing and even cites in his treatise a drawing of one inscription carved on a piece of wood (the famous Nedimov inscription). In the Czech song "Lyubysha's Judgment", preserved in the list of the 9th century, "desks pravdodatne" are mentioned - laws written on wooden boards in some letters.

Slavic amulets made of silver with ancient symbols are usually designed to protect and protect their owner, but still, different symbols on amulet runes have different magical powers. Therefore, when choosing a Slavic amulet, pay attention to the specific properties of each of them.

The existence of pynic writing among the ancient Slavs is also indicated by many archaeological data. The oldest of them are finds of ceramics with fragments of inscriptions, belonging to the Chernyakhov archaeological culture, unambiguously associated with the Slavs and dated to the 1st-4th centuries of our era. Already thirty years ago, the signs on these finds were identified as traces of writing. An example of the "Chernyakhovsky" Slavic pynic writing can serve as fragments of ceramics from the excavations near the village of Lepesovka (southern Volyn) or a clay shard from Ripnev, belonging to the same Chernyakhovsky culture and representing, probably, a fragment of a vessel. The signs visible on the shard leave no doubt that this is an inscription. Unfortunately, the fragment is too small to be able to decipher the inscription.

In general, the ceramics of the Chernyakhov culture provides very interesting, but too scarce material for deciphering. So, the Slavic clay vessel, discovered in 1967 during excavations in the village of Voiskovoe (on the Dnieper), is extremely interesting. Its surface is inscribed with an inscription containing 12 positions and using 6 characters. The inscription can neither be translated nor read, despite the fact that deciphering attempts have been made. However, it should be noted a certain similarity of the graphics of this inscription with the pynic graphics. There is a similarity, and not only a similarity - half of the signs (three out of six) coincide with the Futarka (Scandinavia) runes. These are the runes Dagaz, Gebo and a secondary version of the rune Ingyz - a rhombus placed on top.

Other - later - a group of evidence of the use of pynic writing by the Slavs is formed by monuments associated with the Wends, the Baltic Slavs. Of these monuments, first of all, let us point out the so-called Mikorzhinsky stones, discovered in 1771 in Poland. Another - truly unique - monument of the "Baltic" Slavic ryniki is the inscriptions on cult objects from the Slavic temple of Radegast in Retra destroyed in the middle of the 11th century during the German conquest.

Runic alphabet

Like the pynes of the Scandinavian and continental Germans, the Slavic pynes go back, judging by all, to the North Italian (Alpine) alphabets. Several main variants of Alpine writing are known, which, in addition to the northern Etpysks, were owned by Slavic and Celtic tribes living in the neighborhood. The question of exactly how the Italic writing was brought to the later Slavic regions remains completely open at the moment, as well as the question of the mutual influence of Slavic and Germanic ryniki.
It should be noted that pynic culture should be understood much more broadly than elementary writing skills - this is a whole cultural layer, covering mythology, religion, and certain aspects of magical art. Already in Etpyria and Venice (the lands of the Etpysks and Wends), the alphabet was treated as an object of divine origin and might have a magical effect. This is evidenced, for example, by finds in the Etpysian burials of tablets with a list of alphabetic characters. This is the simplest form of pynic magic, widespread in the North-West of Europe.
Thus, speaking of the Old Slavic rynic writing, one cannot but touch upon the question of the existence of the Old Slavic rynic culture as a whole. Slavs of pagan times owned this culture; it was preserved, yudya by all, and in the era of "dual faith" (simultaneous existence of Christianity and paganism in Russia - 10-16 centuries).

An excellent tomy example is the widest use by the Slavs of the Freyra-Ingyz rune. Another example is one of the remarkable Vyatich temporal rings of the 12th century. Signs are engraved on its blades - this is another pyna. The third blades from the edges carry the image of the Algiz rune, and the central blade is a double image of the same rune. Like pyna Freyra, pyna Algiz first appeared in Futark; it existed without changes for about a millennium and entered all the pynic alphabets, except for the late Swedish-Norwegian ones, which were not used for magical purposes (about the 10th century). The image of this pyna on the temporal ring is not accidental. Runa Algiz is a rune of protection, one of its magical properties is protection from other people's witchcraft and the evil will of those around. The use of the Algiz rune by the Slavs and their ancestors has a very ancient history. In ancient times, four Algiz runes were often connected in such a way that a twelve-pointed cross was formed, which apparently has the same functions as the rune itself.

At the same time, it should be noted that such magical symbols can appear in different peoples and independently of each other. An example of a volume can be, for example, a bronze Mordovian plaque of the end of the 1st millennium AD. from the Army cemetery. One of the so-called non-alphabetic pynic signs is the swastika, both four- and three-branched. Images of the swastika in the Slavic world are found everywhere, although infrequently. This is natural - the swastika, a symbol of fire and, in certain cases, fertility - a sign too "powerful" and too significant for widespread use. Like the twelve-pointed cross, the swastika can also be found among the Sarmatians and Scythians.

Of extraordinary interest is the one-of-a-kind temporal ring, again Vyatka. On its blades, several different signs are engraved at once - this is a whole collection of symbols of ancient Slavic magic. The central blade carries a somewhat modified Ingyz rune, the first petals from the center are an image that is not yet completely clear. A twelve-pointed cross is applied to the petals second from the center, which is most likely a modification of the cross of four Algiz runes. And, finally, the extreme petals carry the image of a swastika. Well, the master who worked on this ring created a powerful talisman.

World
The form of the rune World is the image of the Tree of the World, the Universe. It also symbolizes the inner self of a person, centripetal forces striving the World towards Order. In a magical sense, the rune Peace represents protection, the patronage of the gods.

Chernobog
In contrast to the rune Mir, the rune Chernobog represents the forces pushing the world towards Chaos. The magical content of the rune: the destruction of old ties, the breakthrough of the magic circle, the exit from any closed system.

Alatyr
The rune Alatyr is the rune of the center of the Universe, the rune of the beginning and end of all things. This is what the struggle between the forces of Order and Chaos revolves around; the stone that lies at the foundation of the World; it is the law of balance and return to normal. The eternal circulation of events and their immovable center. The magical altar on which the sacrifice is made is the reflection of the stone of Alatyr. This is the sacred image that is enclosed in this rune.

Rainbow
Rune of the road, the endless path to Alatyr; a path determined by the unity and struggle of the forces of Order and Chaos, Water and Fire. The road is more than just movement through space and time. The road is a special state, equally different from vanity and rest; a state of movement between Order and Chaos. The Road has neither beginning nor end, but there is a source and there is a result ... The ancient formula: "Do what you want, and come what may" could serve as the motto of this rune. The magical meaning of the rune: stabilization of movement, travel assistance, a favorable outcome of difficult situations.

Need
Runa Viy - the god of Navi, the Lower World. This is the rune of fate, which cannot be avoided, darkness, death. Rune of constraint, stiffness and coercion. This is a magical ban on the commission of this or that action, and constraint in the material plane, and those bonds that fetter the consciousness of a person.

Krada
The Slavic word "Krada" means sacrificial fire. This is the rune of Fire, the rune of aspiration and the embodiment of aspirations. But the embodiment of any plan is always the disclosure of this plan to the World, and therefore the rune of Krad is also the rune of disclosure, the rune of the loss of the external, superficial - that which burns in the fire of sacrifice. The magical meaning of the Krada rune is purification; release of intention; embodiment and implementation.

Treba
Rune of the Spirit Warrior. The meaning of the Slavic word "Treba" is a sacrifice, without which the realization of intention is impossible on the Road. This is the sacred content of this rune. But sacrifice is not a mere gift to the gods; the idea of ​​sacrifice implies the sacrifice of oneself.

Force
Strength is the property of a Warrior. This is not only the ability to change the World and oneself in it, but also the ability to follow the Road, freedom from the shackles of consciousness. The Rune of Strength is also the rune of unity, integrity, the achievement of which is one of the results of moving along the Road. And this is also the rune of Victory, for the Warrior of the Spirit gains Strength only by defeating himself, only by sacrificing his external self for the sake of releasing his inner self. The magical meaning of this rune is directly related to its definitions as a rune of victory, a rune of power and a rune of integrity. The Rune of Strength can direct a person or situation to Victory and gaining integrity, can help clarify an unclear situation and push for the right decision.

There is
Rune of Life, mobility and natural variability of Existence, for immobility is dead. The rune is symbolizes renewal, movement, growth, Life itself. This rune represents those divine forces that make grass grow, earth sap flow through tree trunks, and blood run faster through spring in human veins. This is a rune of light and bright vitality and a natural desire for movement for all living things.

Wind
This is the rune of the Spirit, the rune of Knowledge and ascent to the top; rune of will and inspiration; an image of a spiritualized magical Power associated with the element of air. At the level of magic, the rune of the Wind symbolizes the Force-Wind, inspiration, creative impulse.

Bereginya
Bereginya in the Slavic tradition is a female image associated with protection and maternal origin. Therefore, the rune of Beregini is the rune of the Mother Goddess, who is in charge of both earthly fertility and the fate of all living things. The Mother Goddess gives life to souls who come to incarnate on Earth, and she takes life when the time comes. Therefore, the Beregini rune can be called both the rune of Life and the rune of Death. The same rune is the rune of Fate.

Oud
In all branches of the Indo-European tradition, without exception, the symbol of the male member (the Slavic word "Ud") is associated with the fertile creative force that transforms Chaos. This fiery force was called Eros by the Greeks, and Yar by the Slavs. This is not only the power of love, but also a passion for life in general, a power that connects opposites, fertilizes the emptiness of Chaos.

Lelya
The rune is associated with the element of water, and specifically - Living, flowing water in springs and streams. In magic, the Lelya rune is the rune of intuition, Knowledge beyond the Mind, as well as spring awakening and fertility, flowering and joy.

Rock
This is the rune of the transcendent unmanifested Spirit, which is the beginning and end of everything. In magic, the rune of Doom can be used to dedicate an object or situation to the Unknowable.

Support
This is the rune of the foundations of the Universe, the rune of the gods. The support is a shaman's pole, or a tree, along which the shaman travels to heaven.

Dazhdbog
The rune of Dazhdbog symbolizes the Good in every sense of the word: from material wealth to the joy that accompanies love. The most important attribute of this god is the cornucopia, or, in a more ancient form, the cauldron of inexhaustible blessings. The stream of gifts flowing like an inexhaustible river represents the rune of Dazhdbog. The rune means the gifts of the gods, the acquisition, receipt or addition of something, the emergence of new connections or acquaintances, well-being in general, and also the successful completion of any business.

Perun
The rune of Perun is the god of thunder, protecting the worlds of gods and people from the onset of the forces of Chaos. Symbolizes strength and vitality. The rune can mean the emergence of powerful, but heavy, forces that can move the situation off the ground or give it additional development energy. It also symbolizes personal power, but, in some negative situations, power that is not burdened with wisdom. This is also a direct protection given by the gods from the forces of Chaos, from the destructive effects of psychic, material or any other destructive forces.

Source
For a correct understanding of this rune, one should remember that Ice is one of the creative primordial elements, symbolizing Strength at rest, potentiality, movement in stillness. The rune of the Source, the rune of Ice means stagnation, a crisis in business or in the development of a situation. However, it should be remembered that the state of freezing, lack of movement, contains the potential power of movement and development (signified by the rune There) - just as movement contains potential stagnation and freezing.