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This "tail", equal to 5 hours 48 minutes and 46 seconds, is associated with the eternal problems of the calendar. Among the people, these leap, lengthened years since the time of the Romans and Greeks are notorious ... But is the devil as terrible as he is painted?

The high year is the year of St. Kasyan.

Usually the image of Kasyan was associated with hell and demonic traits were assigned to him in appearance and behavior. One of the legends said that Kasyan was bright angel, but betrayed God by telling the devil about the Lord's intention to expel all satanic power from heaven. Having committed betrayal, Kasyan repented, God took pity on the sinner and gave him a relatively light punishment.

He put an angel on him, who beat Kasyan on the forehead with a hammer for three years in a row, and in the fourth year gave him a rest. Another legend tells that Kasian stood guard at the gates of hell and only once a year had the right to leave them and appear on earth.

According to popular beliefs, Saint Kasyan is unfriendly, selfish, stingy, envious, vindictive and brings people some misfortune.

Kasyan's appearance is unpleasant, especially his slanting eyes with disproportionately large eyelids and a deadening look are striking.

The Russian people believed that "Kasyan looked at anything, everything withers", "Kasyan mows everything with a scythe", "Kasyan is hard on the people - it is hard for the people", "Kasian is on the grass - the grass is drying, Kasian is on the cattle - the cattle is dying."

Some legends explained Kasyan's malignancy by the fact that in infancy he was kidnapped from pious parents by demons, who raised him in their home. In addition, they said that Saint Basil the Great, having met Kasyan, put on his forehead sign of the cross, after that Kasyan began to possess the ability to burn demons approaching him.

However, all this could not whitewash the saint, and for everyone he continued to be Kasyan the Unmerciful, Kasyan the Zavistnik, Kasyan the Terrible, and Kasyan the Miser.

Day of Remembrance of St. Kasyan was celebrated once every four years. Saint Kasyan spreads his malignancy for the whole year: "Kasyan came, went limping and break everything in his own way."

Many couples in love are convinced that playing a wedding in a leap year means dooming their marriage to collapse. What to do if you want to play a wedding, but you don't want to wait for 2013? If you turn to history, you can see a very funny picture. Indeed, once every four years, young people did not disturb the matchmakers, and there was no festive commotion in the house of the bride's parents. But this does not mean at all that the lovers could not get married. What is most remarkable, the girls went to woo.

It turns out that the leap year was the year of brides who could choose their own groom! Initially, the custom of female matchmaking had one condition: that "every lady who goes to get married, put on a crimson flannel undershirt and that the hem was clearly visible, otherwise the man would have to pay a fine for it." The bride could be denied matchmaking only in the most rare cases, but no mention of them has survived.

If the leap year was somehow undesirable for the church from the point of view of the sacrament of the wedding, then most likely this would be reflected in the church canons.

But there is no such rule. So this superstition has nothing to do with true position of things. But if this sign matters to you, but you are still going to get married in 2012, then ask the priest to say before the crown: "I am crowning with a crown, not a leap end."

Leap year 2012 - death's name day

There is another superstition associated with leap years. It says that in a leap year, more people die than in other years ("the dead man will move out!").

It is believed that on a leap day many old and sick people who have been overdue die.

Why would anyone die in a leap year? There is such an intricate legend.

One of the Christian saints beats the devils with chains for 4 years without a break. V New Year he looks up and the earth comforts him.

Having consoled himself, he begins to whip the devils with special frenzy, which, accordingly, harm what consoled him: grass (and fires destroy crops), animals (and the pestilence begins) or people.

Another legend belongs to the ancient Roman holiday called Feralia and held on February 21 - on this day a meal was prepared for the souls of the dead and a gift of tiles with a withered wreath, bread soaked in wine, some violets, a few grains of millet, a pinch of salt was presented.

But souls do not need abundant food and gifts, the memory of the living is more important to them. Therefore, the most important thing is to pray to them from the bottom of your heart and not forget about them.

If we touch on modern statistics, then in leap years approximately the same number of people die as in others, and the death rate depends on completely different factors. But, alas, in folk psychology, all the troubles, one way or another, are carried over to leap years! If there are sick relatives in your house, and you are still afraid that there is a leap year ahead - go to church, light a candle and pray for the dead ...

Childbirth in Leap Year 2012

There are about 4 million children on February 29 in the world - that's only 0.0686% of the world's population. The chance of a baby being born in a leap year is about 1 in 1500.

Do not forget that there is another sign: the chosen ones and the lucky ones are born on this day. According to some ancient sources, this day was sacred: day-mystery, day-mystery ... the day when the window opens in " parallel world"It is not for nothing that this day is still called" emerging "," slipping away ", as if appearing from nowhere and going nowhere ... It was believed that the elect are born on this day. Some messengers from a parallel world.

In ancient times, these people were considered natural-born Magicians, endowed with a prophetic gift. Carefully guarded and guarded, forced to live as recluses, the “chosen ones” really had a miraculous gift, capable not only of predicting, but also of healing, “cleansing” of all filth.

If you were born on February 29th, a leap year, and thus fall under the sign of Pisces, you will have less difficulty and more luck in the early years.

Children born in 2012 will be rich and provide their parents with a decent old age. And what can it mean for "mere mortals" if you suddenly meet people born on February 29 in your life? Considering that these are people-messengers, they appear in the fate of a person by no means by chance, but with a specific mission: to convey information to us.

In the Julian and Gregorian calendars, a leap year is a year that consists of 366 days. Thus, it differs from the usual one by the presence of "extra" days. In the Julian calendar, every fourth year is a leap year. As for the Gregorian, it has a similar approach to defining a leap year, but with a few exceptions.

What years are leap years in the Gregorian calendar

To be considered a leap year, the year number must first of all be divisible by four. As for the zero years, from which centuries begin, they are considered leap years only if their number is a multiple of 400. So, for example, 2000 is a leap year, while 1900 is not.

As for the question, how many days are in a leap year, the most common in the world Gregorian calendar contains 366 days. The "extra" day becomes February 29th. Thus, people born on this day officially celebrate their birthday every four years. it interesting feature leap years.

Where does the extra day come from

Our planet revolves around its heavenly body- The sun. The Earth makes a complete revolution in 365 days and several hours. This period of time is called the "year". For the convenience of calculating, "extra" several hours are not taken into account for three years. In the fourth year, additional hours are added and, as a result, "extra" days are obtained, which are usually added to every fourth February.

Leap years: list for the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries

Taking into account the above rules for determining leap years, you can form a list of them over the past centuries. So, in the 19th century, these were: 1804, 1808, 1812, 1816, 1820, 1824, 1828, 1832, 1836, 1840, 1844, 1848, 1852, 1856, 1860, 1864, 1868, 1872, 1876, 1880, 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896.

In the XX century leap years, respectively, were 1904, 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996.

As for the XXI century, in which we are all lucky to live, the leap years were 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012. The next leap year will be 2016.

Leap year mysticism

Despite the fact that the origin and characteristics of leap years have long been studied and absolutely clear, many people are anxiously awaiting their occurrence. It just so happened that a leap year is considered something strange and even dangerous somewhere. Nevertheless, if you analyze history, in ordinary years there were no less various kinds of cataclysms and negative events than in leap years. Therefore, you should not attach any special importance to leap years.

It has not come yet, but it scares ... Many people immediately remember all the bad omens associated with it, all the "grandmother's tales" and sayings, the legend about a saint who is practically not revered as a saint. Yes, we are talking about a leap year 2012. And, by the way, fortunately, this year does not frighten everyone.

Those born on a leap year tend to think they've pulled happy ticket... Which one is right? Most likely, everyone has their own truth, since than more people believes in bad things, the more often it happens to him, and the one who enjoys the opportunity to live an extra day every four years, with his one attitude lures good luck to himself.

So let's remember where it came from, this leap year, and why an extra day of the year is associated with Saint Kasyan, who is revered once every 4 years. We will also go over the most common signs associated with a leap year, and still decide how to celebrate the birthday of those who have been lucky enough to be born on February 29th.

Leap year history

The leap year appeared as much as 46 thousand years ago. Alexandrian astronomers noticed that the Earth's revolution around the Sun is not exactly 365 days, but 365 days and 6 hours, and, accordingly, one more day “runs” in 4 years. Gaius Julius Caesar ordered to take this into account in the calendar, and the year with additional days was named bis sextus, which translated from Latin means "the second sixth", in Russia, as it often happened, the letter "b" was replaced by "c", and the word itself is adapted to the familiar sound, and it turned out that the year is not a "bissextus", but a leap year. Extra, or rather, additional days were added to the shortest month, February, since, logically, there was no point in lengthening the standard months.

The most interesting thing is that already 2 years after the introduction of Julian calendar leap year Caesar departed to another world, and the priests, far from astronomy, appointed to "hold" an extended year every three years. This went on for 36 years, until Emperor Augustus restored justice - he not only figured out correct order, but also canceled several subsequent leap years to remove inconsistencies.

By the way, in Europe, up to the 17th century, an “extra” day was considered non-existent, no transactions were concluded on that day, so that later there would be no confusion in securities, there would be no problems with debt collection, etc.

An additional day in the year was given the name of Kasyan, and with it the ill fame, which subsequently passed to the whole year. So many legends tell about Kasyan. According to one version, he was a bright angel who knew everything about God's plans and who “handed over” these plans to the demons, for which he was first punished and then forgiven. Rather, he was first forgiven - God did not expel him from heaven, and then he was punished - a personal angel was assigned to Kasyan, who beat him on the forehead for 3 years without a breath, and in the 4th year let him "ventilate". After a year of "freedom", the beating began anew.

According to another legend, Kasian was not an angel. He was just a follower of Christ, and at the same time he was famous for a bad temper. Once he refused to help a peasant and pull out a cart stuck in the mud, he did not want to get dirty. Although Christ personally asked him about it. The cart was pulled out by Nicholas, for which Christ rewarded him with commemoration twice a year, and Kasyan was "punished" by ordering to commemorate him once every 4 years.

Another legend says that Kasyan was a saint, but did not observe himself in holiness and for 3 years he honored his Guardian Angel with abundant alcoholic outpourings, and only in the 4th year he was sober. Apparently, it was from this legend that the sayings about Kasyan's slanting eyes went. In the sense, not mowing (sick with strabismus), but numb from unrestrained drunkenness.
Anyway, our superstitious ancestors they feared both Kasyan himself and the day of his veneration. They tried not to leave the house, locked themselves with all the locks, read prayers, consecrated the house and all outbuildings the day before, including the barns with cattle, as they believed that Kasyan was sending pestilence to

Signs and superstitions. With exposure

Many signs created by our distant ancestors have survived to this day. And it is very strange to hear how modern and civilized people in all seriousness follow these signs and, long before the onset of a leap year, they begin to fear what might happen to them this year.

Let's remember the most common signs and figure out where the legs grow from in the most "fun" of them. We will also try to understand what you can believe and what you don’t need. So:

Christmas carols are not allowed in leap years. It was believed that, on the one hand, you could “skip” your happiness, and on the other, if you dress with some kind of evil spirits, then the disguise can grow, replace your true face. Well, firstly, now we don’t really play carols anyway, and secondly, have you seen a lot of people with animal faces? Literally, not figuratively? And about happiness is doubtful. Most likely, the legend about the drunk Kasyan left its imprint on the appearance of this sign, that is, carols that turn into drunkenness can end badly - the caroller will fall into the hole, freeze in a snowdrift or, by his behavior, turn away his beloved girl from himself. So this is not uncommon in other years.

You cannot marry in a leap year. It is considered to be unlucky or very short for one reason or another. However, as you can imagine, happiness in marriage does not depend on the year. Everything is God's will, and everyone has their own destiny. There are, of course, "disastrous" years in personal horoscope, when it is not worth getting married or getting married, but all this is strictly individual. Nevertheless, if you are so afraid of this year, do not appoint a wedding, your superstition will do its dirty deed. And the rest can be advised simply not to sign on February 29, in the end, the leap year was considered an unlucky year precisely because of this day.

Not divorced in leap years. It is believed that if you part with your spouse this year, you will not be able to gain more personal happiness. In fact, after a divorce, not everyone succeeds in getting married again, for reasons that do not depend on the leap year. And the cases are different. For example, you met a person whom you fell in love with so that it darkens in your eyes, and your husband is tired of gnashing teeth, so, will you stay with your husband for another year, tormenting your beloved with waiting and your husband with the slow torture of parting? Unlikely. Although, if you yourself do not want to destroy the family, and your spouse is the initiator of the divorce, then you can try to put this sign to your service. Maybe something will grow together.

They don't build a house in a leap year ... They don't build anything at all. It is believed that the house or bathhouse will burn down, and those who will live in such houses will certainly be very sick. And how do you imagine this in modern realities? Once every 4 years for whole year All construction sites are frozen, those who have already bought apartments in houses under construction postpone the move indefinitely, the started structure is dilapidated, materials, as usual, are stolen ... Every year, a lot of housing is commissioned, including the one whose construction was started in a leap year, and what, all these houses are on fire? Or is it that sick people live there then? However, again, if you are very superstitious, but you are going to build a summer cottage or a country house, wait a year. True, prices will not wait ...

In a leap year, guests are not gathered for the "first tooth" ... It is believed that a baby will have bad teeth when it grows up. But I would not recommend checking this sign empirically. Still, it's not worth risking a child. Postpone the holiday until next year and mark "one year to the first tooth".

You cannot change anything in a leap year. It is believed that any change will only bring misfortune and disappointment. There is a rational rationale for this sign, but not because the leap year is unlucky. Simply due to the presence of an extra day, the usual picture of the world is distorted in some way, and a leap year begins a four-year period. Therefore, if your endeavors are not successful, you will "disentangle" the consequences until the next leap year. However, if you have been preparing for these changes for a long time, then you should not postpone them. The main thing is that any of your decisions should be balanced, so that you clearly understand the consequences of your actions and be able to minimize the risks.

There are more deaths in a leap year natural Disasters, disasters and misfortunes. This one has no statistical confirmation. Most likely, it appeared due to the fact that the events taking place in a leap year were given a lot of attention due to his bad reputation. Therefore, any misfortunes, regardless of their nature, and most importantly, of their causes, were attributed not to a coincidence of circumstances, but exclusively to the malevolence of the year. And if they don't pay attention to some troubles in another year, then any, even minor troubles are remembered precisely because they happened in a leap year. The same goes for natural disasters, crashes, accidents and deaths of people.
Of course, these are not all signs about a leap year, but since they all wear negative character, let's dwell on the above.

Now let's move from superstition to a pleasant reality. According to statistics, there are about 4 million people born on February 29 on earth. Some of them celebrate their birthday, as it should be, once every 4 years and at the same time thinks that they are aging four times slower. Someone "rounds up" the time of birth, that is, having been born on the morning of February 29, celebrates the holiday on February 28, and the evening of the 29th, respectively, is postponed to March 1. And someone does without cake, candles and gifts altogether.