The one who didn't study. Self-study (self-study)

N.G. Chernyshevsky

The statement I have chosen touches upon the problem of a person's knowledge of himself, the importance, significance of a person's comprehension of his own personality and other people. Even the ancient sages said: "Know thyself." Why is it so important? A person contains not only unique, but also universal qualities, therefore, knowing himself, a person learns not only the personal and individual features of his structure, but also what is common, what unites all people.

Russian publicist and public figure XIX century N.G. Chernyshevsky argued:"He who has not studied the man in himself will never reach a deep knowledge of people."In other words, in order to make a judgment about society and other people, a person, first of all, needs to know himself. In other words, self-knowledge, according to Chernyshevsky, is a fundamental stage in the knowledge, study and understanding of society and other people. I fully share the opinion of Nikolai Gavrilovich and also believe that without knowing oneself, it is simply impossible to make any kind of objective judgment about other people. After all, as they say: “An alien soul is darkness”, and only looking at the world and people through the prism of understanding the human essence or trying on their roles for yourself, you can “reach a deep knowledge of people”.

For a theoretical understanding of the problem, let us first of all consider the concept of self-knowledge. Contemporary social scientists define self-knowledge as special kind cognitive activity of a person, when interest is directed at himself. Knowing himself, a person, as it were, answers internal questions: “Who am I? What am I capable of? What am I really? Thus, one can single out one's own interests, abilities, way of thinking, characteristics of the organism, etc. as the main objects of self-knowledge. Self-knowledge is carried out by two methods: self-observation and self-examination. During the first, a person observes himself, his behavior, his reactions, etc. In the second, he analyzes the information received, asks himself questions, looks for answers to them. It is important to note that self-knowledge is simply impossible in isolation from society, since an important component in the formation of a person’s understanding of his essence is the opinions of the people around him about him.

The end result of self-knowledge can be considered a full-fledged representation of a person about himself or, as psychologists call it, the formation of a self-concept or image of "I". At its core, the self-concept is a system of ideas of the individual about himself, a conscious, reflective part of the personality. These self-images are more or less conscious and relatively stable. The subject of self-perception and self-esteem of an individual can, in particular, be his body, his way of thinking, his abilities, his social and behavioral characteristics, and many other personal manifestations. Based on the self-concept, a person builds interaction with other people and with himself. Its formation begins in early childhood and is more or less formalized by the age of 16. However, self-knowledge of a person continues throughout life. In this context, I am reminded of the phrase of the Roman emperor of the 2nd century AD Marcus Aurelius: “Begin with yourself and follow before yourself.”

The thought of N.G. Chernyshevsky is also accepted by all modern psychologists. Almost any psychological training on personality development, the basics of communications, personnel management or manipulation begins with an introduction to personality psychology. That is, before starting to learn how to communicate with other people, manage them, a person must master the basics: to understand the essence of personality, that is, to study himself and his psychology. Modern psychologists are confident that this knowledge is basic for studying relationships between people.

Another illustration of this problem is the worldview of the great Russian writer and philosopher late XVIII early XIX century of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy. He purposefully followed the path of self-knowledge, analyzed his actions, described the events of his inner life. The purpose of this was to get to the bottom of the truth: to understand why he and other people act this way and not otherwise, where love and hatred, good and evil come from in a person, how his character develops.

You can also give an example from the literature. Jack London's Martin Eden main character in knowing oneself finds the key to knowing other people. So, only after learning something about himself, having comprehended his views on the world and values, he sees the real, real image of his beloved. He understands that she is an ordinary girl, a standard representative of her social class, that “bright and radiant image” was nothing more than an appearance that was created due to a lack of life experience from Martin himself. Thus, having understood himself, he saw the real state of affairs, was able to make the right choice.

As an argument from personal experience, I can cite my own observations. My peers are just at the age when a person's understanding of himself begins to take shape, a picture of personality is being formed. Analyzing others, we find something similar and close in ourselves, and vice versa, analyzing ourselves, we acquire the ability to understand other people. That is, for a person who knows and understands himself, it will not be difficult to understand his interlocutor, to find with him mutual language, without much difficulty to solve a particular problem.

Thus, after analyzing the theoretical material and citing factual arguments, we can come to the conclusion that self-knowledge for a person is the key to understanding other people, the arrangement of their relationships. In other words, only a person who knows himself is able to achieve a "deep knowledge of people."

Answer left a guest

This statement touches upon the problem of a person's knowledge of himself, the importance, significance of a person's comprehension of his own personality and other people. Even the ancient sages said: "Know thyself." Why is it so important? A person contains not only unique, but also universal qualities, therefore, knowing himself, a person learns not only the personal and individual features of his structure, but also what is common, what unites all people. In other words, in order to make a judgment about society and other people, a person, first of all, needs to know himself. In other words, self-knowledge, according to Chernyshevsky, is a fundamental stage in the knowledge, study and understanding of society and other people. Without knowing yourself, it is simply impossible to make any objective judgment about other people. After all, as they say: “An alien soul is darkness”, and only looking at the world and people through the prism of understanding the human essence or trying on their roles for yourself, you can “reach a deep knowledge of people”. Knowing himself, a person, as it were, answers internal questions: “Who am I? What am I capable of? What am I really? Thus, one can single out one's own interests, abilities, way of thinking, characteristics of the organism, etc. as the main objects of self-knowledge. Self-knowledge is carried out by two methods: self-observation and self-examination. During the first, a person observes himself, his behavior, his reactions, etc. In the second, he analyzes the information received, asks himself questions, looks for answers to them. It is important to note that self-knowledge is simply impossible in isolation from society, since an important component in the formation of a person’s understanding of his essence is the opinions of the people around him about him. The subject of self-perception and self-esteem of an individual can, in particular, be his body, his way of thinking, his abilities, his social and behavioral characteristics, and many other personal manifestations. Based on the self-concept, a person builds interaction with other people and with himself. Analyzing others, we find something similar and close in ourselves, and vice versa, analyzing ourselves, we acquire the ability to understand other people. That is, for a person who knows and understands himself, it will not be difficult to understand his interlocutor, to find a common language with him, to solve this or that problem without much difficulty. Thus, we can conclude that self-knowledge for a person is the key to knowing other people, the structure of their relationships. In other words, only a person who knows himself is able to achieve a "deep knowledge of people."

The Russian publicist and public figure of the 19th century N.G. Chernyshevsky argues in line with such a socially important science as philosophy, which studies a person, his worldview, the existence and essence of everything around him.

In his statement, the author raises the problem of man's knowledge of himself. This problem was relevant both in past centuries and in the conditions of the formation modern society. After all, even the ancient sages argued that self-knowledge is very important. N.G. Chernyshevsky also believes that self-knowledge is a very important process, since along with the formation of a person's personality and the knowledge of individual characteristics, there is an understanding of the common that unites all people.

Let us turn to the theoretical aspect of the statement and consider the concept of self-knowledge.

Self-knowledge is a special kind of cognitive activity of a person, the purpose of which is to gain knowledge about oneself. The objects of this activity can be one's own abilities, interests, way of thinking, characteristics of the body, and more. Self-observation and self-examination are methods of self-knowledge by a person. During the first method, the individual observes himself, his behavior, habits, reactions. And during the second, he already analyzes the information received, then sets himself any questions and looks for answers to them.

As an example confirming my position, I would like to cite a fact from the biography of the famous Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy. In his youth, he developed a self-improvement program for himself and followed it relentlessly. That is why he was able to become such a smart, respected and versed in psychology person. Very often, people came to Lev Nikolaevich to give them advice on how to act in a given situation. Also, thanks to an understanding of human psychology, Tolstoy managed to write his novel "War and Peace", the characters of which have very complex, diverse characters. This example is a vivid confirmation of the fact that it is always necessary to develop yourself in order to learn to understand other people.

For greater persuasiveness, I will give another example from Everyday life. Currently, various psychological trainings are gaining more and more popularity, in which experienced psychologists teach other people how to develop their personality, manage staff, become successful in business and in life ... However, all these trainings begin with a basic course in personality psychology. After all, in order for a person to learn to communicate with other people, to manage them, he must first understand himself, in the essence of his personality. This example proves that in order to live normally in society, one must first understand oneself.

Based on the arguments I have given, we can conclude that, indeed, self-knowledge is the "key" to the knowledge of other people, normal relationships with them. In other words, if you want to become successful in life, to achieve recognition, respect and "deep knowledge of people", then you must first know yourself.

Effective preparation for the exam (all subjects) -

Social science

(Konovalenko N.A.)

Explain the meaning of the statement of the Russian writer N. Chernyshevsky "He who has not studied a person in himself will never achieve a deep knowledge of people." State your thoughts on the issue raised. Give the necessary arguments to justify your position. In the work, use the knowledge of the course, the relevant concepts, as well as the facts of social life and your own personal experience.

Explain the meaning of the statement of the French philosopher P. Buast "The poorest is the one who does not know how to use what he has." State your thoughts on the issue raised. Give the necessary arguments to justify your position. In the work, use the knowledge of the course, the relevant concepts, as well as the facts of social life and your own personal experience.

Explain the meaning of the saying of the Roman philosopher Cicero "We can become free only when we become slaves of the law." State your thoughts on the issue raised. Give the necessary arguments to justify your position. In the work, use the knowledge of the course, the relevant concepts, as well as the facts of social life and your own personal experience.

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Self-study (self-study) as a quality of personality - the ability to study one's own inner world, to penetrate into the depths of their mental and physical characteristics, into the motives of their social manifestations, intentions and actions.

An old Hindu legend tells that there was a time when all people were gods. But they neglected their Divinity...

And Brahma, the Supreme God, decided to take away their Divine Power and hide it in a place where it could not be found. However, finding such a place was a big problem.

And Brahma gathered together all the supreme Deities to solve this problem. And they suggested: "Let's hide Divinity under the Earth!" But Brahma replied, “No, that will not do. Man will start digging and find Her again.” The deities offered another option: "Then let's throw Her into the very depths of the Ocean!" But Brahma again answered “No. Sooner or later, a person will explore the depths of the ocean and, finding Her, will bring Her to the surface.

The Deities were at a dead end, they didn't know where they could hide Divinity. And it seemed that there is no such place on Earth or in the Sea that would be inaccessible to man. But then Brahma objected: “A person will never study himself to the end, and even more so, he will not look for God within himself. This is what we will do with Divinity: We will hide It in the depths of man himself, because this is the only place where he, despite the study of himself, will never seek. Since then, man has been running around the Earth to explore it all: since then he has been searching, climbing and descending, diving and digging in search of a thing that can only be found through self-study within himself!

An excellent opportunity to study oneself provides human communication, relationships with people. All life is made up of relationships. Therefore, you can study yourself only in relationships. Sitting in the corner, like a bastard, you will not study yourself. A person is manifested in his attitude to people, ideas, views. He cannot study himself abstractly, by himself, in isolation from his relations with other people.

To study oneself means to find out about oneself who I really am, and not how I want to appear, putting on various social masks. It is easy to teach, instruct and give advice to others, it is much more difficult to study oneself. By learning about yourself, you begin to understand others better. Having studied himself, he realizes why he reacts in this way and not otherwise to the words and actions of others.

The study of oneself is an internal search for a person in oneself. To reach the spiritual level of consciousness, one must scrupulously study oneself.

For a better study and understanding of others, first of all, it is necessary to study oneself, that is, to realize one's own motives, views, feelings, one's reactions to various events.

A person can achieve integrity and harmony only if he began to carefully study himself. Life itself forces us to study ourselves, because we must be aware of what is happening to us, why we are in such a situation.

In one scripture it is said that wherever you are, whoever you are, try to find yourself, what you are and every movement, every drop of energy, your energy should be used to study, to know yourself. This is your need, your need. Leave everything, all other efforts, attempts, types of search and try to understand who you are, what you are. Find out who you are, what is the nature of your soul. All energy must be used in this way. With all your energy try to search for that something. If something is worth hearing about, then listen about the soul, listen about yourself. If there should be some concentration of energy, if energy should be invested in something, then invest it in it, it is worth investing it in this, in the search, in the study of oneself. Any beginning of your energy movement should be in this direction. In this direction. Try to study and understand yourself, to realize who you are, what you are. And then you will understand what is necessary for the development, the elevation of this beginning.

At the same time, there must be a measure in self-study. There should be no idealization of the process of self-study. Self-study cannot be considered the only way of personal growth and self-improvement. The main thing is not to go too far, refusing help spiritual guide and authoritative, wise knowledge.

Psychologist Vyacheslav Ruzov, in the context of this thought, says that self-study is generally a harmful science. It is better not to study yourself for a particularly long time, only problems begin from this, you can come to schizophrenia. Therefore, it is better not to play with the psyche, and excessive concentration on dreams is a game with the psyche. There is no need to play with her, there are already problems with her, with the psyche, i.e. information is best obtained in proven ways by talking to a knowledgeable person. If we are tormented by some question, it is not necessary to look for clues in some esoteric moments. It is not necessary to think which eyebrow twitches, right or left, it is not necessary to think which palm itches, left or right, it is not necessary to think which leg I got up from and dreamed something important or not. Just asking is enough. Therefore, everything that tries to lead us away from questions and answers is some form of sin. That is, they are trying to impose on us an independent understanding of the laws of the world, this is a useless way, trying to understand the world on our own, there is simply not enough time to study all its laws.

Self-study is useful if it makes a person better. For example, a person begins to study his actions, comes to the conclusion that he did wrong and vows not to do it again. This is good. The whole day may consist of a large set of small vows. And if, as a result of self-study, a person made a little vow to himself and fulfills it, then his study of himself has moved into a positive direction. If he simply criticized himself and did not take any vow, “I can’t do anything, and I’m nobody, there is no future,” then of course all this turns into self-flagellation, and this is negative, this is already negative self-criticism, there is no sense from this. Therefore, always the crown of self-study should be some kind of point, there should always be some kind of practical completion.

Petr Kovalev