Khayyam lived. Biography of Omar Khayyam
Composition on the topic "Honor and dishonor" can be revealed not only through a duel, which is mentioned in many works of literature. But even through ... I feel that I will now touch on a sensitive topic about moral conduct female and the loss of "treasure" (this is how it is written about the virginity of Sonechka Marmeladova in the novel F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"). Yes and with modern world it is very easy to connect the affairs of the past days.
To write an essay on this thematic area, honor and dishonor can be used only 2 and 3 chapters from the first part of the novel F.M.Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". You should read or re-read two chapters if you decide to open this topic "the honor and dishonor of the girl." By the way, there are only 6 parts in the novel + an epilogue.
Quotes appropriate to this topic fully reveal what I want to say now.
"Honor cannot be taken away, it can be lost."(A.P. Chekhov)
"Who is not ready to die for own honor he will be dishonored."(B.Pascal)
"My honor is my life; both grow from the same root. Take away my honor and my life will come to an end."(W. Shakespeare)
"The honor of a girl is all her wealth, it is more precious than any inheritance."(W. Shakespeare)
"The opposite of honor is dishonor, or shame, which consists in the bad opinion and contempt of others."(B. Mandeville)
In the second chapter, we are told about Sonechka Marmeladova, who is forced to lose her honor. This is forced by her stepmother and circumstances.
The dialogue between the stepmother and Sonechka from the words of Marmeladov (page 18 in my book):
“Katerina Ivanovna says: “You live, they say, you, a parasite, with us, eat and drink, and use heat,” but what do you drink and eat when the kids don’t see the crust for three days! ... Sonya says : "Well, Katerina Ivanovna, can I really go on such a thing?" ... "Well," Katerina Ivanovna replies, in a chuckle, "what should I save? Eco treasure!
After the loss of the treasure, dishonor was not long in coming. There is no point in retelling the entire text, since it can be read quickly.
In the third chapter, in contrast to the story of Sonechka, we are shown how Mr. Svidrigailov inclines Dunya Raskolnikov (the sister of the protagonist) to such dishonor. And even when she remained adamant, human rumor turned everything upside down. It is very well shown how the girls who lost their honor were treated. Until the gates are smeared with tar.
At the present time, all this has lost its meaning. And no one will go to decorate the gate or the door. But there are still people like Sonechka Marmeladova, who sold the treasure for 30 rubles (just like 30 pieces of silver of Judas, who betrayed Jesus Christ).
Remember the scandal with the sale of a girl's virginity in the United Arab Emirates? The news covered all this in detail. And then you think, is there in the minds of these girls the concept of honor and dishonor. And it seems like it doesn't exist anymore. What drives them to do all this?
Comfortable and beautiful life, gadgets...
If you continue in this direction, then you can write a lot and express your own opinion on this matter. Your opinion may differ from mine!
Yes, and this topic is a very good test of morality and social activity of the younger generation. Do they watch the news and communicate with their parents about honor and dishonor in the modern world.
How will they react to modern dishonor and whether they will support the public outcry that arose in their time.
What family was Omar Khayyam from? Why did he leave his native city and go to Samarkand? Who became the patron of Khayyam? In what area of science did the scientist achieve the greatest results? Why did he have to leave the observatory in Isfahan and return to his native Nishapur? What was the uniqueness of the calendar developed by the scientist? Thanks to whom, in the 19th century, Khayyam's rubai gained immense popularity? Was Omar Khayyam really a poet, and if not, who is the author of satirical poems?
early years
Omar Khayyam was born on May 18, 1048 in Nishapur, which at that time was part of the Seljuk Sultanate, and is now in Iran. Install the exact date The birth of the scientist was helped by a horoscope, which was compiled by the historian Abu-l-Hasan Beyhaki, who personally knew him. And it was possible to learn about the origin of Khayyam thanks to his full name. Ibn-Ibrahim means that his father's name was Ibrahim, and Khayyam is translated as a tent master. Thus, it can be assumed that he came from a family of artisans.
Apparently, the father was not a poor man, as he was able to give his son a decent education. Khayyam studied in Nishapur, which was one of the largest cultural centers, with rich libraries and schools of various types. After his father and mother died during an epidemic, he sold his house and workshop and went to Samarkand.
It was in Samarkand, which was a scientific center recognized in the East, that Khayyam's path as a scientist and poet began. His knowledge of mathematics and astronomy impressed the wise men of the city so much that he was immediately made a mentor. The writing of the first scientific work Lobster, which unfortunately has not been preserved. Some sources say that it was called "Problems of Arithmetic". Four years later, Khayyam moved to Bukhara, where he worked for 10 years in a book storage. This period in his life was one of the most fruitful.
great scientist
In Bukhara, Omar Khayyam wrote four mathematical treatises. Now researchers say that he was ahead of his time in many ways. The scientist outlined the algebraic method for solving quadratic equations and the geometric method for solving cubic ones. He first spoke about algebra as a science, noting that its task is to determine unknown quantities. Omar also achieved great success in geometry. In his treatise "Comments on the difficulties in introducing the book of Euclid" Khayyam essentially proved the first theorems of the geometries of Riemann and Lobachevsky.
To understand the life of the then scientist, you need to know one detail. In that era, scientists and sages were free people. They wandered from city to city, bringing science to those who needed it. As a rule, the rulers patronized them. Trying to look worthy in the eyes of other rulers and their subjects, they surrounded themselves with scientists. So it was with Omar Khayyam.
In Bukhara, Khayyam was at the court of Nizam al-Mulk. It is said that the prince seated him next to him at the throne and even offered to become the ruler of Nishapur, but he refused. Then, when the empire of the Great Seljuks established itself on the territory of Iran, Khayyam was invited to the courtyard of the powerful Sultan Malik Shah in the city of Isfahan. Here he spent 20 years, most of which he managed a huge observatory.
The Sultan ordered Khayyam to compose new calendar, since neither the lunar nor the solar Zoroastrian calendar was practical. After 5 years, the scientist, together with a group
th astronomers were able to achieve amazing results by developing a new calendar, which was called the "Malikshah chronology". Its uniqueness lay in the fact that it was seven seconds more accurate than modern Gregorian calendar.
In addition to astronomy and mathematics, Omar Khayyam wrote works on philosophy, history, theosophy, and philology. He perfectly knew the Arabic language and literature, was engaged in medicine and professionally studied music. Khayyam skillfully composed poetry, the wide distribution of which in the 19th century aroused interest in his personality. For 20 years spent in Isfahan, Omar Khayyam became one of the greatest scientists of the East.
free-thinking poet
The quiet life of Khayyam was cut short in 1092 with the death of his patrons - al-Mulk and Malik Shah. The Ismailis who came to power, led by Hasan Sabbah, saw no need for a scientist. For some time he still worked at the observatory until it was closed and Isfahan lost its cultural significance.
Omar Khayyam left the court and returned to Nishapur, where he spent the rest of his days. He taught and continued to write scientific works. It is believed that in last years In his lifetime, Khayyam gained fame as a freethinker and apostate. The reason for this was the spread of his poems, which praised pleasure and trampled on morality.
Perhaps no one would have ever known about the existence of Omar Khayyam, if not for the English poet Edward Fitzgerald, who lived in the 19th century. By a lucky chance, a notebook with poems fell into his hands, which historians immediately attributed to a medieval scholar. The authorship of this notebook is still controversial, but the fact is that by the will of fate, Fitzgerald became Khayyam's popularizer. He translated his poems first into Latin and then into English.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, Omar Khayyam's rubies gained incredible popularity. They aroused interest in his personality, and Khayyam was rediscovered, now as a great scientist. However, his scientific achievements are still unknown to most people. But there is no person who has not heard about rubyahs and their author, the great Omar Khayyam.
The date of death of the scientist and poet is considered to be December 4, 1131. His contemporary, historian Abu-l-Hasan Beykhaki, writes that on this day Khayyam, as usual, conducted classes, and then read Avicenna's "Book of Healing" for a long time. Finally, he called the necessary people and made a will, and in the evening he prayed, gave praise to the Lord and died.
AT recent times evidence has emerged that most of poems attributed to Omar Khayyam are the authorship of another person or several people. And it is even possible that there were two Khayyam: one was a great scientist, the other was a wandering drunkard, investing worldly wisdom in their splendid rubies. It is unlikely that we will ever know the truth. We are left to wonder at the scientific discoveries of the scientist and admire the poems of the poet, known to the whole world under the name of Omar Khayyam.
Name: Omar Khayyam
Age: 83 years old
Place of Birth: Nishapur
Place of death: Nishapur, Iran
Activity: Persian philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and poet
Family status: not married
Omar Khayyam - Biography
Omar Khayyam is a famous astronomer and mathematician, but for every person he more familiar, as a philosopher, whose thoughts fully and deeply reflect the thoughts and feelings of a person. But everyone who quotes this great man wants to know about the philosopher, his exact biography.
Omar Khayyam - childhood
Not much is known about Omar Khayyam, especially about his childhood years. Date of Birth Persian philosopher- May 18, 1048. The place of his birth was Nishapur, which is located in one of the provinces of Khorasan, which is located in the eastern part of Iran. This city was notable for the fact that very often fairs were held in it, where huge amount peoples, and these were not only residents of Iran, but also foreigners who lived in neighboring countries. It is worth noting that in those ancient times, when the philosopher was born, his hometown of Nishapur was considered the main cultural center of the country.
Omar Khayyam - education
Omar Khayyam received his education in a madrasah, which at that time was considered only a school of the highest and middle type, so not all children were enrolled in it. By the way, the name of the Persian philosopher literally translates as a tent master. And since no facts about his parents were preserved at all, the researchers came to the conclusion that his family members male line were doing crafts. But, despite this, there was money for the education of his son.
The madrasah where the young philosopher studied belonged to educational institutions for aristocrats. It was believed that such institutions train officials for the civil service of the highest rank. When the training in the madrasah was completed, the parents sent their son first to Samarkand, where he Omar Khayyam continued his studies, and then to Balkh. This education developed the child and gave him tremendous knowledge. He was able to learn the secrets of such sciences as mathematics, astronomy and physics.
The young man himself not only studied diligently, receiving the knowledge that was taught to him in educational institutions, but he also studied some subjects on his own: theosophy, history, philosophy, philology and others. All of them should have been known by an educated person of that time. He paid special attention to the rules of versification and Arabic. Ideally, he also studied the art of music. Studied Omar Khayyam and medical business. He not only knew the Koran by heart, but could easily explain any part of it.
Scientific activity of Omar Khayyam
Before finishing his studies, Omar Khayyam became famous smartest person in his own country, and many prominent people began to turn to him for advice. It was a new time for him, which opened a new page in his biography. The ideas of the young philosopher were new and unusual. Omar Khayyam made his first discoveries in the mathematical field. Then he was 25 years old. When his work goes out of print, the fame of him as a great scientist spreads throughout the earth. There are also all-powerful patrons for him, since at that time the rulers sought to have scientists and educated minds in their retinue. Omar served at court, delving into his scientific activities.
At first, Omar was awarded the great honor of taking a place of honor next to the prince, but then the rulers changed, but honor to him remained. There is a legend that he was offered to manage his native city and those territories that are located nearby. But he was forced to refuse, because he does not know how to manage people. For his honesty and activity, he was assigned a large salary, which would allow him to continue to engage in science.
Soon Omar Khayyam was asked to manage the observatory, which was located at the palace. The best astronomers in the country were invited to create it, and he allocated a lot of money so that scientists could purchase equipment. They created a calendar that is somewhat similar to the modern one. Omar was engaged in both astrology and mathematics. It is he who owns the modern classification of equations.
The scientist was also interested in philosophy. First, he translated those philosophical works that had already been created. And then, in 1080, he writes his first treatise. Khayyam did not deny the existence of God, but said that any order of things is subject to natural law. But Omar could not say such conclusions openly in his writings, as this was contrary to the Muslim religion. But in poetry, he could speak more boldly. He has been writing poetry all his life.
Omar Khayyam - last days, death
After the death of the Sultan, Khayyam's position at the palace worsened. But the trust was completely undermined after he spoke out that the Sultan's heir would be able to recover from smallpox, which he fell ill with. The biography of the great scientist and philosopher has changed dramatically since then. Soon the observatory was closed, and the scientist spent the rest of his days in his hometown. He never married, so there were no heirs. There were also less and less students every year. Once he did not eat or drink anything all day, studying another philosophical work. Then he called people to make a will and died by evening.
People feel something, but they cannot understand what. They are drawn to his poetry. It is not for nothing that they say about the poems of Omar Khayyam that they know neither temporal nor national boundaries, they excite people's thoughts, forcing them to think about the meaning of their lives.
Anastiya Novykh "Sen Sei"
Many of the Internet users, and in particular those who are registered with social networks, met amazing quatrains about life - rubai.
The most famous and popular rubaiyat poet in the world is Omar Khayyam, whose biography is an amazing story worthy of a separate story. His quatrains are full of humor and life wisdom, insolence to the greats of this world, tell about the attitude to life and love for a woman.
Omar Khayyam. Biography of an idol
I met the amazing life story of Omar Khayyam in the book by Anastia Novykh “Sen Say. Original Shambhala. Part IV".
I have mentioned this book several times in my posts. I will say for those who are interested in it: in the book you can find not only Interesting Facts from life famous people. It also contains a lot of information for the mind and for the soul, and practically gives a system of actions for those who want to become a Human. For anyone who is interested in this book, I suggest you download it in in electronic format. Online download is free.
Omar Khayyam. An amazing biography of a genius
Ghiyasaddin Abu-l-Fath Omar ibi Ibrahim Khayyam Nishapuri was born on May 18 1048 in Nishapur (modern Iran). With his discoveries in various branches of science, he was ahead of the time in which he lived. Even contemporaries bow before the genius of this man. Already at the age of twenty-five, Omar became the author of scientific treatises on philosophy, history, astronomy, medicine, geometry, algebra, physics, Arabic literature and language.
Omar Khayyam (1048 - 1131) was called a real scientist with a capital letter. Almost all the poet's contemporaries respectfully called him "The King of the philosophers of East and West", "The most learned man of the century", "proof of the Truth". But the main nickname, which emphasized its essence, was "The Wise Man who has grown a sprout of Living Love in his heart."
To understand the whole genius of this man, I suggest you read a short excerpt from the book by Anastia Novykh “Sen Sei. Original Shambhala. Part IV". I think retelling would be redundant. Impressed by the book and the story about this genius, I'm afraid to lose at least one sentence from what I wrote.
“Omar Khayyam was able to make a huge contribution to the development of human science, having made a number of important discoveries in the field of mathematics, astronomy, physics ... He was the first
history of the development of mathematical disciplines of this civilization gave a complete classification of all types of equations, including linear, square, cubic. Developed a systematic theory for solving cubic equations, substantiated the theory for solving algebraic equations.
In addition, he developed the mathematical theory of music. Described a method for extracting any power from integers. I do not speak for the rest of the theories and formulas that Omar Khayyam presented to the world, concerning not only mathematics and astronomy, but especially physics.
It was just the knowledge that would have greatly accelerated the process of comprehension by mankind scientific disciplines and, accordingly, in the ratio of centuries would bring much closer the scientific and technological progress of this civilization, bypassing the era of "darkness" and "selfish superstitions". But alas, people are people...
Moreover, in those days, Omar Khayyam was known as the greatest astronomer of his time. And if all his treatises on this discipline reached modern scientists, then now people, thanks to this knowledge, would advance far in science, because in his works there is knowledge that modern astronomers, with all their latest equipment, have not yet discovered ...
It was Omar who was entrusted with the construction of the largest observatory in the world at that time in Isfahan. It was built according to the drawings of Omar and subsequently headed by him. Omar picked up a good team. Officially, he was instructed to develop a new calendar, which he successfully completed. But in parallel to this work, Omar not only improved surveillance equipment by developing mirror telescope, he deduced the astronomical tables "Zinji Malik-shahi" (named by him in honor of Malik-shah, as was then customary).
But most importantly, he did something that was completely extraordinary for that time: he combined physics and astronomy in formulas and laws that even today remain not only relevant, but also largely unknown to modern scientists. What is his description of the so-called now “dark matter”, the essence of which scientists still cannot get to the bottom of.”
Well, of course, Dear friends, I suggest you listen to the amazing poems of Omar Khayyam. Agree that the biography of such a genius simply obliges us to bow down and devote a few of our precious minutes to timeless truths.
By the way, many of his rubies were published thanks to Edward Fitzgerald, an English poet who lived in the 18th century and became famous for his translations of the quatrains of Omar Khayyam.
Like many others, I knew very little about this legendary man: the meager facts from Wikipedia could only tell that he was a brilliant Persian mathematician, astronomer and poet. Reading the life story of Omar Khayyam, I understood why I always liked the work of this unfairly forgotten poet so much.
Before publishing this material, I selected a video with poems for a long time. After listening to several videos, my heart is calm, it seems that peace and wisdom have been passed down through the centuries. I wish this for everyone state of mind, Dear friends. And see you on the literary pages of the blog.
