The azimuth of the southwest direction is equal to. Emergency azimuth Southwest, go to the area of ​​the city hospital

Multi-stage Cup of the Stavropol Territory

"Kavminvodsk parallel" 2016

Stage 4

Technical information

04.09.2016 Classic (30-60 min.) 0830021811Ya

Terrain– represented by the Southwestern and Eastern slopes of Mount Razvalka. The northern slope of Mount Zheleznaya. There are a lot of stone screes and placers. The terrain is mountainous and very rugged. Medium and sometimes small forms predominate. The soils are predominantly clayey, chernozem, and rocky on the slopes of Razvalka. On at the moment, in The drought connection is severe. The vegetation is moderate and difficult to pass through, represented by deciduous forest and local areas of pine. There are many thorny bushes in open areas. A developed network of trails and roads, a rectangular clearing every 300-400m. (clearings have their own peculiarity - closed tree crowns and are not always noticeable when crossing them, especially in ravines.

Map- Scale-1:10000, relief cross-section 5 meters. Prepared based on materials from Viktor Trunov (Belgorod), Yuri Yanin (Moscow) - 1996-97. Edited in 2009-2012-2014-2015. Victor Kosenko (Zheleznovodsk).

Competition boundaries - North-mountain Razvalka. East - lower path to the cave under Mount Saltpeter. South - path around Mount Zheleznaya. West outskirts of the city.

Dangerous places - steep rocky slopes, household waste.

Emergency azimuth Southwest, go to the area of ​​the city hospital.

Distance parameters.

From the start to the starting point of the orienteering 140 meters, between the start and finish 30 meters, from the last checkpoint to the finish 50 meters. See the diagram for access to the competition center.

Hi all! Continuing the topic of terrain orientation, as promised, I propose an article about azimuth and how to determine it. On any hike or journey, when using a map, if poor visibility or the terrain does not allow you to visually compare the map and the terrain, determining the azimuth and moving along it will greatly facilitate the task of orientation. So, what is azimuth?

Azimuth is the angle between the direction of the geographic meridian and the direction to any distant object from the observation point (denoted as Am). Azimuth is measured in degrees and can range from 0° to 360°, usually measured clockwise. Azimuths can be forward and backward. Direct azimuth, measured from 0° clockwise, shows the direction from the observer to the object. Reverse azimuth shows the direction from the object to the observer. To obtain a reverse azimuth, you need to add 180° to the forward azimuth if the forward azimuth is less than 180°, or subtract this value if it is more than 180°. Example: direct azimuth to a lonely tree is 330°, then the reverse azimuth will be: 330°-180°=150°. To quickly determine landmarks, you need to remember the directions of the main and intermediate sides of the horizon in degrees, clockwise: North - 0° (or 360°, if counterclockwise), East - 90°, Northeast - 45°, Southeast - 135°, South - 180°, South-West - 225°, West - 270°, North-West - 315°.

When determining the cardinal directions (horizon), it is necessary to take into account that the geographical and magnetic poles of the earth do not coincide; they are located at some distance from each other. Therefore, the compass needle does not point exactly to the North, but slightly to the side, to the North Magnetic Pole. The same thing happens with the South Pole, in the southern hemisphere of the earth. To avoid confusion in calculations, you need to know that any map is oriented to the geographic pole, and the compass needle points to the magnetic pole. The difference between them is several degrees, this angle is called Magnetic declination. Magnetic declination may be Eastern; the compass needle deviates east of the true (geographical) meridian and is designated “+”. Or Western, the arrow deflects to the west and the designation “-”. This difference must be taken into account when transferring the azimuth obtained on the map (true azimuth) to the azimuth along which you will walk using a compass (magnetic azimuth). When converting true azimuth to magnetic, with an eastern declination, the true azimuth must be reduced by the amount of declination, and with a western declination, increased. The magnitude of the magnetic declination is not the same in different areas, for example: for the Moscow region it is +7, +8° (eastern declination), but in general in Russia it varies within significant limits. There is a site where you can determine the magnetic declination for any point on earth.

To determine the azimuth on the ground using a compass, stand facing a landmark, the direction to which must be determined by rotating the compass, aligning the northern end of the compass needle with the zero division on the dial (compass dial). Next, leaving the compass body motionless and making sure that the needle does not move away from the zero division, we rotate the sighting device until the rear sight is pointed at the object whose azimuth needs to be determined. We mark near which number on the dial the triangle pointer stopped, combine the object, front sight and rear sight into one line, the resulting angle between the compass needle and the orientation object will be the desired azimuth.

Next, we will consider methods of moving on the map, using a pre-planned route, along azimuths. The number of landmarks and the choice of route are determined depending on the nature of the terrain, tasks and conditions of the upcoming movement. The main thing is to choose a route that would provide quick access to the designated landmark (object). Therefore, it is advisable to choose a route without unnecessary turns, with sections that are most convenient for movement, taking into account avoidance of obstacles encountered on the ground. And so, we select landmarks and connect them with straight lines (example in the figure); if they do not intersect the grid lines on the map, they need to be continued until they intersect, this is done to facilitate the determination of azimuth angles. After this, on the map, for each section of the route, we determine the directional angle and, by introducing a direction correction, we convert it to magnetic azimuth, which we write down on the map opposite the corresponding section. We measure this angle clockwise, using a protractor or compass. This is done this way: we lay the map with the route drawn on a flat surface, orient it as accurately as possible according to the compass, taking into account the direction correction. Then, without changing the orientation of the map, we apply a compass to the first line of the route, so that the North - South direction coincides with the drawn direction, while North should be directed in the direction of movement. After the compass needle has calmed down, we take a reading along the compass dial, under its northern end, subtract the resulting number from 360° and obtain the magnetic azimuth of the desired direction. For example (in the figure), in the first section the magnetic azimuth is: 360°-340°=20°, the azimuth of the second section: 360°-30°=330°, in the same way, sequentially, we determine the azimuths of all other sections of the route. Next, we measure the length of each section, on the ground this can be done using the method, pairs of steps (average length of 2 pairs of steps = 1.5 meters), example: if the distance of the section is 1200m, then in pairs of steps it will be: 1200: 1.5= 800 pairs of steps. It is also advisable to record the time of passage of each section on the clock. All data is also recorded on the map, against its plots.

When moving along azimuths, on the ground, you may encounter all sorts of obstacles (forest debris, swamps, lakes, etc.) that are easier to bypass than to overcome. Therefore, you need to be able to avoid obstacles without losing your orientation. Let's consider two ways to avoid obstacles: 1 when the opposite side of the obstacle is visible (Fig. a), 2 when the opposite side of the obstacle is not visible (Fig. b). In the first case, everything is simple: we notice a landmark in the direction of movement, on the opposite side of the obstacle, and without losing sight of it, we go around the obstacle, continuing to move along the planned route, from the landmark that we used when going around (Fig. a). The second case is more complicated, we proceed as follows, example: (Fig. b) let’s assume that the movement was made in an azimuth of 50° and 340 pairs of steps were taken before stopping in front of the obstacle. After studying the area, it was decided to go around the obstacle on the left side. Using a compass, we determine the azimuth of the direction along the obstacle (from point A to point B), and continue moving in this direction, while counting a couple of steps to the right edge of the obstacle. In the figure, the azimuth from point A to point B is 320°, and the distance traveled is 142 pairs of steps. We stop at point B, determine by compass the direction of the original azimuth along which you were moving until you meet an obstacle 50°, continue moving until you go beyond the obstacle and count in pairs of steps, from point B to leaving the obstacle to point C, in the figure , the distance is 238 pairs of steps. From point C we move to the right, we already have data on the azimuth of movement from point A to point B, we translate them into reverse azimuth (in the figure the reverse azimuth is 140°) and move from point C, along the reverse azimuth, counting exactly 142 pairs of steps , this will be point D, at point D, we again determine using the compass, the azimuth direction of the initial movement is 50° and continue moving along the intended route. Be sure to save data on avoiding obstacles and add distances to the route, this will help calculate the distance traveled when moving back along the same azimuths.

If the situation allows, it is best to avoid obstacles using linear landmarks, these can be clearings, rivers, streams, power lines; their azimuths are determined and marked on the map in advance, this will significantly facilitate the orientation of your movement on the go. At the slightest doubt about the correctness of movement, in both of the above cases, it is necessary to stop and clarify your location by carefully comparing the map with the terrain; an example of correct comparison of the map with the terrain is shown in the figure above.

To accurately orient the map, you can use a regular pencil by placing it on conventional sign landmark on the map (example in the figure, a bridge), combine its direction with the direction of the landmark on the ground. Then check whether all local objects and landforms located on the ground, to the right and left of the bridge, have the same location on the map. If all conditions match, the map is oriented correctly. And lastly, the main reasons for orientation errors are not faulty equipment, but the lack of skills and experience in using this equipment. Constant training and improving your knowledge in this area will help you find your way to the place you need in a critical situation. To start orienteering training, you don’t even have to leave the house, just determine the point of your location in the room and from it determine the azimuths of the objects in this room.

Based on materials from the sites: www.voennizdat.com www.im-turist.ru the rest is from the world by thread.

The trip should be a joy! To achieve this goal, the specific features of the chosen route should be taken into account. This will determine how quickly and safely you can reach your final destination. So, for example, if your path passes through an area with a large number of settlements, then you do not need to worry about large quantities gasoline in the tank. If the road bypasses densely populated areas, then it is necessary to determine in advance the area where refueling will take place. In addition, everyone knows that the quality of gasoline at different gas stations can vary greatly. When traveling long distances, try to refuel your car at reputable gas stations.