The most faithful people in the world. Multiple Religion
1) General principles
Speaking of a judicial act (judicial decision), with practical point In one way or another, we are interested in three essential nuances:
a) entry into force;
b) appeal;
c) performance.
So, for example, for the decision of the arbitration court, this is Art. 180, 181, 182 APC RF, respectively. These articles establish in some detail “when and how”, including such rules as the appeal of a decision for immediate execution (part 3 of article 182 of the APC of the Russian Federation), the entry into force of a decision of a specialized arbitration court (part 2 of article 180 of the APC of the Russian Federation) and others.
Ch. 16 Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation contains largely similar rules regarding civil procedure.
2) Court ruling: arbitration process
On the one hand, a court ruling can also be issued “on a protocol” (part 2 of article 184 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, part 2 of article 224 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation), and the issue on which the ruling is issued does not pertain to the resolution of the case on essence.
On the other hand, the definition of the definition is different (remember, for example, the definitions in bankruptcy cases). Actually, in relation to many definitions, the previously indicated nuances "a" - "c" are also important.
Regarding the execution of a ruling of an arbitration court: a ruling issued by an arbitration court is executed immediately, unless otherwise established by the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation or by an arbitration court (Article 187 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation).
Appealing the rulings of the arbitration court is regulated in detail by Art. 188 APC RF.
Those. The Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation directly contains the rules of law governing these issues, with the exception of the entry into force of the ruling of the arbitration court.
However, the absence of such a norm of procedural law quite objectively makes up for judicial practice:
- Decision 20 AAC of April 12, 2013 in case N A54-2022 / 2011: “ the claim is considered to be declared within the period established by paragraph three of clause 1 of Article 142 of the Bankruptcy Law, if it is presented within two months from the date of entry into force of the said judicial act * approval of the bankruptcy trustee Salkazanov V.T. the fact that the time limit for presenting the claims of the secured creditor began to run from the day the court issued a ruling on recognizing the transactions as invalid is based on a misinterpretation of the rules of law. Based on a systematic interpretation of the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 180, paragraph 3 of Article 223 of the Arbitration Procedure Code Russian Federation and paragraph 6 of Article 61.8 of the Bankruptcy Law, the ruling of the arbitration court to recognize the transaction as invalid on the grounds of Chapter 3.1 of the Bankruptcy Law shall enter into force upon the expiration of ten days from the date of its issuance, unless an appeal is filed. If an appeal is filed, the ruling, unless it is canceled or amended, shall enter into force from the date of adoption of the decision of the arbitration court of the appellate instance.»;
- Decision 3 of the AAC of June 11, 2014 in case N A33-1968 / 2014: “ By the decision of the Arbitration Court of the Krasnoyarsk Territory dated July 9, 2013, the application was denied. At the same time, the court concluded that, in itself, the failure to fulfill contractual obligations to pay for the assigned right of claim under contract N 1/04 dated 22.04.2011 is not a basis for recognizing the transaction as invalid, but provides for the possibility of applying other methods of protection. The judicial act entered into force after a ten-day period for its appeal».
Thus, by analogy with the decision (Article 180 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation), the ruling of the arbitration court enters into force upon the expiration of the period for its appeal, unless an appeal is filed. If an appeal is filed, the ruling, unless it is canceled or amended, shall enter into force from the date of adoption of the decision of the arbitration court of the appellate instance.
3) Court ruling: civil procedure
In the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, the issues of entry into force, appeal and execution of a court ruling are practically not regulated at all. Only echoes of the issues of appeal are contained in paragraph 7 of part 1 of Art. 225, Art. 332 Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation.
The key issue is the execution of the court ruling. I even met the following approach in K +: “ At the same time, there is no indication in the Code of Civil Procedure of the date for the entry into force of the ruling of the court of first instance, and there are no instructions on the timing of its execution. The only exception to general rule- this is the establishment of part 1 of article 142 of the Code of Civil Procedure: "The court ruling on securing a claim is enforced immediately in the manner established for the execution of court decisions." This particular reservation of the legislator formally logically allows, with the assumption, to deduce from it and general judgment: all court rulings, with the exception of the ruling on securing a claim, are not enforced immediately (i.e., not immediately). Clause 1 of Part 2 of Article 377 indirectly confirms the author's hypothesis, establishing that cassation complaints are filed against "... court orders, decisions and rulings of district courts and magistrates that have entered into force." The legislator's substantive indication of court rulings that have entered into legal force allows the author to reasonably speak about the existence of court rulings that have not entered into such [legal] force and are appealed on appeal (Article 331 of the Code of Civil Procedure)". Nagaytsev V.G. Definition of the court as a procedural act of the justice of the peace: an invitation to discussion // Justice of the peace. 2015. N 8. S. 25 - 30.
In my opinion, the issue of the execution of a court ruling in a civil process should be resolved similarly to an arbitration process (part 4 of article 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, article 187 of the APC of the Russian Federation) - “ executed immediately". So something and part 4 of Art. 1 Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation is contained in the code from the moment of its adoption. And the issue of the entry into force of the ruling of a court of general jurisdiction should be resolved similarly to the rules established by Art. 209 Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation.
So, I think, the discussed legal vacuum is quite logically filled.
Found great article on Wikipedia. It contains quantitative data on religious affiliation. Atheists and agnostics are also counted (in some tables they are combined as non-believers). There are 18 groups and three sources in total.
The largest (by number of followers) religion in the world is Christianity; throughout the 20th century, the share of Christians in the total population of the Earth practically did not change, remaining equal to 33-34%. Islam is considered the second world religion (23% of the world's population). The number of unbelievers and atheists is highly debatable and is estimated various studies in 11-16% of the world's population. A significant proportion of the world's population are Hindus (14-15%), Buddhists (7%) and supporters of traditional beliefs.
Category not religious people includes very different groups of beliefs. A number of studies distinguish two groups in this category - actually non-religious people and atheists. Atheists include people who are convinced of the absence of any deity, as well as skeptics, supporters of unbelief and militant atheists. Non-religious people include agnostics, freethinkers, people who are not interested in religion or have no religious preferences.
Over half of all non-religious people in the world live in one country - China (413 million agnostics and 98 million atheists). A significant number of non-religious people are also concentrated in other Asian countries (100 million agnostics and 19 million atheists). That. Asia is home to 80% of all agnostics and 85% of all confirmed atheists on Earth. There are significant numbers of non-believers and atheists in Europe (98 million and 18 million) and North America (41 million and 2 million). Non-religious people make up a significant proportion of the population of Oceania, where 3.8 million agnostics and 365,000 atheists live. There are 15 million agnostics and 2.5 million committed atheists in Latin America. The number of non-religious people in Africa is relatively small (5.5 million non-believers and 0.5 million atheists).
Followers of religions in 2010:
Distribution of religions by number of countries:
Population dynamics in the 20th century:
Share of Christians in different countries world:
The share of Muslims in different countries of the world:
The share of Hindus in different countries of the world:
Share of Buddhists around the world.
Today the world's population is 6,055,049,000 people. Over the twentieth century, the number of people has grown almost 4 times, and over the next 50 years it will grow by another third. According to experts, by 2050, about 9,000,000,000 people will live on Earth.
The largest but not dominant religion is Christianity (33.0% of the total population).
One fifth of the world's population professes Islam (19.6% of the world's population).
13.4% profess Hinduism.
6.4% Chinese ethnic religion.
5.9% Buddhists.
3.6% Ethnic religions.
1.7% New Asiatic Religions.
Less than one percent are the following minor religious groups
Sikhs (Sikhs) - 23 million people, approx. 0.3%.
Judaists - 14 million people, approx. 0.2%.
Baha'is - 7 million people, approx. 0.1%.
Each of these religions matches or exceeds the population of an average European country. For example, Jews on average are one and a half times the population of countries such as Austria, Greece or Portugal.
On the edge religious life there are quasi-religions - 80 million, approx. 1.4% of the world's population.
Outside of any religion are 12.7% of the world's population. People who do not profess any religion cannot be mechanically classified as atheists. Non-religious people may not be outside the realm of the religious. This group includes people who different reasons do not consider themselves members of any confession and cannot accurately define and formulate their religious worldview and their religious experiences. The same group may include people who are both outside of religion and outside the religious sphere as a whole. Religion is absent for them, because religiosity is also absent.
The non-religious population is joined by the antipode of religion - atheism (2.5% of the world's population). Being, in its essence, the negation of any religion, it has many attributes religious consciousness. Atheism also piously believes in absence, as religion believes in presence.
Together non-religious and atheists - 15.2% of the world's population.
These figures clearly show the distribution of religions in the world. But religion is dynamic. For a complete understanding of religion, it is necessary to know the dynamics of its development and the ability to compare it with the dynamics of other religions. Thus, we will get an idea not only about the viability of our religion, but also about the global processes taking place in the field of religions.
Key figures and processes:
I. The population of the Earth
Every year, 124.3 million people are born, which is 2.05% of the world's population.
Every year, 52.7 million people die - 0.87% of the world's population.
The difference between birth and death rates gives us the figure of real population growth - 71.6 million people, or 1.18% of the world's population per year.
II. Christianity
The net growth of Christians can be figured out in a more complex way. For clarity, let's contrast Christians and the rest of the population of the Earth, i.e. non-Christians.
Born annually in Christian families 36.6 million people (1.83% of Christians), 19.0 million people convert to Christianity (0.95%), 16.5 million people leave Christianity for other religions (0.83%), 18.4 million Christians die (0.92%). Thus, adding up those who were born and those who converted to Christianity, and taking away the departed and the dead, we get 20.7 million people of the net increase in Christians in the world (1.04% of Christians per year or 0.34% of the world's population per year).
Using the same scheme, we calculate the statistics of the growth of the non-Christian population of the Earth.
Non-Christians annually: 87.7 million (2.16% of the world's population) are born, 16.5 million (0.41%) convert from Christianity, 19.0 million (0.47%) convert to Christianity and 34.3 million (0.85%) die. The net increase in non-Christians is 50.9 (1.26% of non-Christians, or 0.84% of the world's population).
The growth of Christians, who make up a third of the world's population, is two and a half times slower than the growth of the rest of the (non-Christian) population.
Among all religions, the number of people practicing Islam is growing the fastest. The annual increase is 24.9 million people, 2.1% of the number of Muslims or 0.4% of the total population of the Earth.
IV. Hindus
The number of adherents of Hinduism annually increases by 1.7% and amounts to 13.8 million people a year.
V. Buddhists
An increase of 1.1% or 3.9 million people per year.
VI. ethnic religions
An increase of 1.3% or 2.9 million people per year.
VII. Chinese ethnic religion
An increase of 1.0% or 3.8 million people per year.
VIII. New Asian Religions
An increase of 1.0% or 1.0 million people per year.
IX. Judaism
An increase of 0.9% or 0.13 million (130 thousand) people per year.
An increase of 1.9% or 0.2 million (200 thousand) people per year.
XI. Non-Christian Spiritualists
An increase of 2.0% or 0.2 million (200 thousand) people per year.
XII. Shinto
Growth -1.0% (decreasing) or -0.03 million (-30 thousand) people per year.
XIII. Jains
An increase of 0.9% or 0.04 million (40 thousand) people per year.
Dynamics of Christian denominations:
1. Catholic Church– an increase of 1.3% or 13.5 million people per year.
2. Independent christian churches– an increase of 2.5% or 9.5 million people per year.
3. Protestants - an increase of 1.4% or 4.85 million people per year.
4. Anglicans - an increase of 1.56% or 1.24 million people per year
5. Orthodox - an increase of 0.54% or 1.17 million people per year.
6. Marginal Christian groups - an increase of 1.68% or 0.4 million (440 thousand) people per year.
A few figures from history:
From the time of Jesus Christ to the present day, 36,831 million people (36.8 billion) have been born on Earth. This means that during this time five populations equal to today's have changed on Earth.
Of all people in 20 centuries, only 24% (8,816 million people) were Christians. The figures indicate a discrepancy between the real supporters of Christianity and the influence that it has on the course of world history (an example of a bizarre interaction of qualitative and quantitative signs).
Martyrs of Christianity:
The martyrs of the first centuries of Christianity rendered strong influence to the development and spread of Christianity. Their mission was largely ideological, they revolutionized the minds of the people. The martyrs of the 20th century are striking in their number, many times greater than the number of the dead martyrdom for all previous centuries.
Population distribution by continent:
(desc)
There are 50 countries in Asia, in which 3,696,988,087 people live, which is 61% of the total population of the Earth and is almost five times larger than the next continent after Asia (in terms of population) - Africa.
II. Africa
Africa is in first place in terms of the number of countries - 60 countries. Africa is home to 13% of the world's population or 784,537,686 people.
III. Europe
Europe closely follows Africa, yielding to it only 1% - 728,886,949 people or 12% of the world's population. There are 48 countries in Europe.
IV. Latin America
The population of 46 Latin American countries is 8.6% of the world's population (519,137,936 people).
In the penultimate place is North America. The population is 309,631,092 people, which is 5% of the world's population.
VI. Oceania
0.5% (30,393,392 people) of the world's population lives in Australia and the islands of Oceania in 28 countries.
Distribution of religions by continent:
(% of the number of adherents of religion)
Christians:
Africa - 18%
Asia - 15.6%
Europe - 28%
Latin America - 24%
North America - 13%
Oceania - 1.3%
Muslims:
Africa - 26.7%
Asia - 70%
Europe - 2.7%
Latin America - 0.14%
North America - 0.37%
Oceania - 0.03%
Hindus:
Africa - 0.3%
Asia - 99%
Europe - 0.2%
Latin America - 0.1%
North America - 0.2%
Oceania - 0.04%
Non-religious and atheists:
Africa - 0.6%
Asia - 79.5%
Europe - 14%
Latin America - 2.0%
North America - 3.3%
Oceania - 0.4%
Compiled from World Christian Encyclopedia. 2nd edition. A comparative survey of churches and religions in the modern world. Oxford University Press. 2001.
