St. Peter's Basilica as a building. Architect of the Cathedral of St.
Khovrino. In 1980, construction of a hospital began here, but it was suspended in 1985. Today the so-called Khovrinskaya stands in its place, surrounded by a fence with barbed wire, scaring Muscovites and guests of the capital. It’s interesting that this unfinished building is successfully included in the top ten (!) most terrible buildings on the planet! Why? Let's find out soon!
Khovrinskaya abandoned hospital. History of origin
As you know, all buildings from the times of the USSR did not differ from each other in originality, but not the Khovrinsk hospital! differs from its “contemporaries” in its original design and very unusual layout: its buildings are located in such a way that it turns out geometric figure in the form of a triangular cross. The hospital has three main wings. They are connected to each other in the center. Its side parts form three cozy courtyards. There are outbuildings there.
Since the Khovrinskaya abandoned hospital is an unfinished building, in some places it has no interfloor partitions and ceilings, the internal walls are completely covered with graffiti, and the basements are flooded with water. By the way, this is why construction was frozen! The fact is that under the foundation of the future hospital they discovered and no funding was allocated for their drainage. They tried more than once to resume construction of this facility, but all in vain: the building was completely declared unfit for use. But why does this, so to speak, hospital scare people so much? What's going on inside its walls?
Khovrinskaya abandoned hospital. Legends
Umbrella
Native Muscovites call this place with the uncommon word “Umbrella”. Personally, I never understood what this meant, but now I understand everything. The fact is that from a bird's eye view, the Khovrinskaya abandoned hospital resembles the logo of a biological hazard and a secret corporation from the well-known film “Resident Evil.” That is why the building was chosen by stalkers. But is it the stalkers? No, friends! And not even extreme tourists!
Legend one
For some time, members of the Nemostor sect lived in this building. The Satanists were in an unflooded basement, where complete darkness reigns, because there are no windows, and any sunlight is excluded! Satanist sectarians arranged themselves according to their activities: they built stairs, created their own sanctuary for the purpose of constant rites of the Black Mass.
It was during this period that quite a few attacks by sectarians on ordinary Muscovites were recorded. They say they kidnapped children, teenagers, homeless people and even pets! It must be assumed that the sectarians made sacrifices to their Satan by burning people and animals in a large oven.
When these facts became known to law enforcement agencies, they hastened to restore order in Khovrinka. It became known that in the unflooded basements of the building there are as many as two satanic churches and two ritual ovens for the ritual of sacrifice! The riot police squad that arrived at the scene blew up the entrances to the basements, which, in turn, led to the collapse of the structure and complete flooding of the premises. It is believed that the sectarians who were in the basement at that moment died, and their dead bodies still float in the rotten and muddy water Umbrella basements.
Legend two
After these events, the Khovrinskaya abandoned hospital turned into the most favorite place for suicides, rapists and pedophiles! Dozens of people are settling scores with their own lives here. Even dogs and cats come here to die because they are looking for a secluded place. This is a well-known fact. Rapes happen here. Often young people choose this particular unfinished building as a place of solitude for sexual intimacy, etc. In addition, this “unfinished building” has its own god named Raf. It is believed that it is his amulet and sometimes saves people in trouble.
According to unconfirmed information, “a god named Raf” is a certain private security company that has taken control of this facility. In general, there is nothing for you and me to do there! Friends, I conjure you! Stay away from this "hospital"!
Literally everyone knows the famous capital long-term construction project - Khovrinsky Hospital. The gloomy abandoned eleven-story building is shrouded in dozens of dark urban legends, ranging from missing people to black masses of Satanists. Unfinished construction attracts lovers like a magnet thrills not only from Moscow, but from all over Russia.
Horror playground
Hollywood horror films “Resident Evil” and “Silent Hill” - it is these universes of horror that are involuntarily remembered when seeing the buildings of a gloomy hospital. The building was included in the unofficial list of “the worst unfinished buildings in the world.” The horror film “Khovrino” was even filmed within its walls. Blog from the Underworld", allegedly based on real events. The Russian horror film revolves around a girl, Irina, who is haunted by urban legends associated with the Khovrinsky hospital. She gathers a group of students to go to an abandoned building and disprove existing myths.
History of Khovrinskaya Hospital
Photo © Sergey Avduevsky / Moscow is changing
The design of the Khovrinskaya hospital is quite original and atypical for buildings of the Soviet period. The building is a three-pointed star with six branches at the ends. If you look at the building from above, its shape resembles the international biohazard symbol developed by the American company Dow Chemical. And after the release of the film “Resident Evil” in 2002, the name “Umbrella” was firmly assigned to the Khovrinsky hospital for its resemblance to the zombie corporation.
Construction of the building began in 1980. It was originally designed for 1,300 beds, which indicates the ambition of the project. For comparison, the Sklifosovsky Research Institute, the largest in the capital, has just over 900 beds. The hospital was supposed to be one of the best in the country. Five years later, the building was ready to receive its first patients. They even brought furniture into some buildings and hung signs on the offices. However, the construction was suddenly stopped, and the hospital was declared emergency.
Urban legends
Photo © Sergey Avduevsky / Moscow is changing
According to one legend, construction was prevented otherworldly forces, since the Khovrinsky unfinished construction was erected on the site of an old cemetery. In reality, everything is much more prosaic: there used to be a landfill and a swamp here, which was unprofessionally drained. The swampy soils began to literally suck in the structures, and by now the hospital buildings had sunk approximately 12 meters underground.
Here are the dark stories about ritual sacrifices really have a basis real basis. During the perestroika period, the Nimastor sect of Satanists settled in the abandoned Khovrinsk hospital. Its main adherents were not only mentally ill people, drug addicts, alcoholics, but also real fanatics. They set up an altar for sacrifices in the basement. Stray animals were used as victims for black masses. Later, feeling impunity, the Satanists began targeting homeless people.
Photo © Sergey Avduevsky / Moscow is changing
The police have accumulated several dozen reports of missing persons here. After this, riot police arrived at the hospital, the police carried out an assault using flash grenades and detained several dozen gloomy subjects. However, no one blew up the tunnels or flooded the basement, as urban legends say.
The abandoned Khovrinsky hospital was also chosen by criminal elements, using this place to deal with their victims. According to statistics, every year on the territory of the hospital the police found from 6 to 17 bodies who died a violent death.
Many people and adventurers were injured and died here due to negligence. But the rumors that this place makes people want to commit suicide, and that many suicides died here are a legend. In fact, in all the years of the existence of this building, only one person decided to take his own life - Alexey Krayushkin. A sixteen-year-old teenager jumped into an elevator shaft because of unhappy love. On the second floor of the hospital, an impromptu memorial was dedicated to the young man with words of farewell and sorrow on the walls.
After construction stopped in 1985, the facility was guarded by the military for some time. This fact formed the basis of another myth, which said that there was some kind of secret morgue in the hospital building. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, protect
The hospital was closed and enterprising fellow citizens quickly removed everything valuable from the building. Now the facility is formally under guard, but entering the hospital territory is not difficult. Teenagers play stalkers here; statistically, once a month one of them is taken away in an ambulance, which is not surprising.
Photo © Sergey Avduevsky / Moscow is changing
The elevator shafts in the building are not closed, there are huge holes in the floor, and sharp peaks of rusty reinforcement protrude from the structures. The building is indeed particularly dangerous, but not because of ghosts and Satanists, but because of its disrepair.
What will happen to the Khovrinskaya hospital?
In 2009, the hospital transferred from federal to city ownership. Several attempts to sell the ominous building to investors and find extra-budgetary money for its dismantling were unsuccessful. In 2015, the Moscow authorities finally announced their decision to get rid of the gloomy Soviet legacy on their own.
Initially, it was planned to build a new medical center on the site of an abandoned hospital, but in the end it was decided to build a residential complex with an area of almost 300 thousand square meters. The site is attractive for construction from the point of view of transport accessibility - this year the Khovrino metro station of the same name will open here, and a section of the North-Eastern Expressway will soon be built.
Photo © Sergey Avduevsky / Moscow is changing
As Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Urban Development Policy and Construction Marat Khusnullin said, dismantling work could begin as early as this year. The official noted that the facility is so complex that the cost of liquidating the long-term construction could exceed a billion rubles.
It is interesting that the Khovrinskaya hospital was built from especially strong concrete, which is difficult to handle even with modern technology. Dismantling of structures will have to be done using diamond cutting.
City fountains are places of attraction for residents on hot summer days. Here it’s nice to plunge into the coolness and listen to the sound of the jets. For lately In the cities of the Moscow region, unusual thematic fountain compositions appeared, unlike standard fountains in parks and squares. The editors of RIAMO selected the 10 most original fountains in different areas of the Moscow region.
Musical fountain in Reutov
The light-dynamic fountain was opened in Reutov in 2006. The diameter of its bowl is 14 meters. In the fountain's basin there are 64 sprayers that create water flows; the height of the central jet reaches 12 meters. In the evening, the water in the fountain is illuminated different colors, and the jets move to the music. For example, on the anniversary of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, the fountain “waltzed” to the melodies of the most famous works of the great composer.
“Natasha Rostova’s first ball” in Podolsk
This fountain, the only one in the Moscow region with a rotating sculptural composition, was opened in 2015, on the occasion of the 223rd anniversary of Podolsk. The sculptor depicted dancing Natasha Rostova and Andrei Bolkonsky, the heroes of Leo Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace.” The prototypes for the sculptures were the actors Lyudmila Savelyeva and Vyacheslav Tikhonov, who played the main roles in the epic film by Sergei Bondarchuk. The figures spin smoothly to the sounds of a waltz, and in the evening the lights turn on, coloring the streams of water.
"Floating Stone" in Balashikha
This fountain is completely different from the water structures that we are used to seeing in city squares and parks. Thanks to the spectacular design, it seems that the flow of water holds the stone block at a height of more than three meters. The base of the fountain is hidden behind powerful foam jets, which are created by many mechanical sprayers. And in the dark, 30 spotlights illuminate the water streams.
Dancing fountain in Korolev
This interactive fountain has become a favorite vacation spot among citizens and tourists of the science city. Anyone can go inside the fountain, run through the streams of water or stand among the dancing streams, which is especially pleasant in the summer heat. The water bowl, unlike classic fountains, is located below ground level. The operation of the fountain is controlled by special programs that create a beautiful evening show for spectators. The jets, like geysers, rise up and then fall imperceptibly, shimmering in different colors.
Fountain on the lake in Dubna
A color-musical fountain adorns the park in the center of the science city of Dubna. Its main feature is its location on a body of water. Jets of water rush upward and fall to the base, mixing with lake water. A particularly beautiful sight can be seen in the evenings, when the lights turn on and the streams are reflected in the lake like a watercolor painting.
Fountain "Lily" in Dmitrov
This is the first color and musical fountain in the Moscow region, opened in 2004 near the city wedding palace. Its creator is the famous sculptor Alexander Rukavishnikov. A special device is responsible for the play of water jets computer program. On the huge petals of the lily you can count 140 small frogs - symbols of the city of Dmitrov. At sunset, when the lights turn on, the fountain is especially captivating with its beauty. The water flows around the lily resemble tongues of flame, and the sculpture itself is a fairy-tale plant.
Fountain at the Palace of Culture in Sergiev Posad
The fountain was opened in 2014 in honor of the 700th anniversary of Sergius of Radonezh. The building is located near the Yu. A. Gagarin Palace of Culture. The old fountain, which practically did not work and was turned on only on holidays, was completely restored. Communications were replaced, dynamic lighting and a music program were installed, which changes depending on the time of day. Over the course of two seasons, the fountain managed to become a favorite vacation spot among residents and guests of Sergiev Posad.
Fountain "Waiting" in Dmitrov
Another Dmitrov fountain, which implements a frog theme. In the center of the composition are the figures of four frogs, who are waiting for their Ivan Tsarevichs. One of them is depicted with the treasured arrow in her paws, which means she has already met her prince. The townspeople have a belief that if you kiss one of the frogs and make a wish, it will definitely come true. The frog is considered a symbol of Dmitrov, since Yuri Dolgoruky founded the city in a lowland among swamps, and amphibians constantly accompanied the inhabitants with their croaking. It is not for nothing that since ancient times the townspeople have been called “Dmitrov frogmen”.
Fountain near the theater in Mytishchi
The city fountain is located in the center of Mytishchi Theater Square. The base of the structure is a round bowl that resembles a crystal chandelier, and next to it there are two rectangular pools. The fountain is equipped with modern mechanical sprayers and dynamic lighting. The water jets in the pools are constantly moving in different directions, it seems that the operating modes of the fountain are never repeated.
“Girl-mycelium” in Klin
The history of the creation of this fountain stretched over a century. The sculpture of a mycelium girl was created by the Russian sculptor Fyodor Kamensky at the end of the 19th century. In 1900, at the World Exhibition in Paris, the master’s work was awarded a Grand Silver Medal. The sculpture was brought to the Klinsky district by the local landowner Chernyadev, who installed it on his estate in memory of his daughter, who went into the forest to pick mushrooms and disappeared forever. Many years later, the monument was found in the pond of the former estate and installed in the city center. However, after an attempt was made to steal the bronze sculpture, it was decided to send it to a local history museum for safekeeping. The mycelium girl who decorates the fountain today is an exact copy of Kamensky’s famous work.
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A small state on the territory of Rome. This catholic cathedral is the largest Christian Church in the world.
The cathedral area can accommodate about 400,000 people, but up to 60,000 people can be inside at the same time. Such masters of their craft as Michelangelo, Carlo Maderna, Vignola, Rafael Santi, Baldassare Peruzzi, Donato Bramante were involved in the construction of St. Peter's Cathedral, that is, there is simply no single author of St. Peter's Basilica. The cathedral turned out to be so incredible precisely because it contained all the thoughts and images of the most talented creators of that time.
The architecture of St. Peter's Cathedral is very beautiful and harmonious, the richness of the designs is amazing. Inside there are many works of art, altars, statues and tombstones. In this cathedral there is a work by Michelangelo, made when he was twenty years old. This sculpture is called "Lamentation of Christ", it is carved from a solid piece of white marble. Michelangelo worked on the sculpture for two years, he depicted Holy Virgin Mary with her dead son Jesus on her lap. The sculpture is made in full size and is so realistic that you can’t even believe that it is a cold piece of marble.
There is also a sculpture of St. Peter himself in the cathedral. It was made in bronze back in the 4th century by an unknown sculptor from Syria. Very connected with this sculpture ancient custom. For the prayer to be heard, it is enough to touch the statue. Due to the great popularity of this custom, the sculpture of Peter is slightly worn out.
The tallest in the world is dome of St. Peter's Basilica— its height is almost 137 meters. The dome is measured from the top of the crowning cross to the floor of the basilica. The diameter of the dome is almost 42 meters. The dome offers stunning views of the city square. But this is not the largest dome in Italy. For example, the diameter of the dome of the Florence Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore is 44 meters, and the diameter of the dome of the ancient Roman Pantheon is 43.3 meters.
In 1590, the construction of the dome was completed. It was last year reign of Sixtus V. It was in his honor that an inscription was made inside the lantern on the dome. The dome was completed by Domenico Fontana and Giacomo Della Porta.
In the middle of the 18th century, the first cracks appeared on the dome of St. Peter's Basilica. It was held together with four metal chains. They crimp the structure and are fastened between the shells of the dome.
St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican is a true masterpiece of art and the most popular destination for tourists and pilgrims who come from the farthest corners of our planet.
The Vatican is one of the smallest and at the same time most powerful states in the world, the sovereign territory of the Holy See. By the way, de jure this state arose by historical standards quite recently - in 1929 as a result of the Lateran Agreements concluded by the government of Benito Mussolini. The main building of the Vatican, known to almost everyone, is St. Peter's Basilica with two baroque colonnades by Bernini, elongated like the claws of a cancer, from the roof of which 140 figures of various saints carefully look at us. So much has been written about this place over the past few centuries that I don’t even hope to surprise anyone with my modest notes. However, I hope that my view through the lens is somehow different from hundreds of others and will allow you to look at one of the main Catholic shrines at least a little, but still from a different perspective.
Main Cathedral catholic church located next to the site where the Circus of Nero was once located, which became famous thanks to the events held here mass executions the first Christians. There used to be a cemetery on the site of the cathedral. Here, according to legend, Saint Peter was crucified. The first basilica was built over his grave in the 3rd century AD by Emperor Constantine. There are, of course, alternative version- that Saint Peter had never been to Rome in his life. But let’s not wander in the intricate corridors of history, especially since this is, as we know, a thankless task, and let’s take the canonical version of the apostle’s life on faith.
The cathedral building that we admire today was built in XVI-XVII centuries. The most famous architects of the Renaissance - Raphael, Michelangelo, Bernini, Bramante - had a hand in creating the cathedral. Moreover, each of the masters significantly changed the project of their predecessors, introducing their own changes and solutions.
Cathedral facade. Height - 45 meters, width - 115. In the center, under the pediment, is the famous balcony from which the Pope addresses the believers.
The basilica is built in the shape of a Latin cross. Until 1989, the cathedral was largest temple in the world, until it was overtaken by the Basilica of Notre-Dame de la Paix, built in Yamoussoukro, the capital of Cote d'Ivoire, by the way, in the image and likeness of the main character of my story.
Clock on the facade, with one hand. On the other side there is the same clock, but with two hands.
On the roof of the cathedral there are 13 statues - Jesus Christ, John the Baptist and 11 apostles, except the Apostle Peter.
The height of each statue is almost 6 meters.
The Vatican Army is the Swiss Guards. Nowadays there are only 110 of them, as you can guess from the name - they are all citizens of Switzerland. It is believed that their shape is sewn according to the sketches of Michelangelo. By the way, this is one of the oldest armies in the world that has survived to this day. True, it took part in hostilities only once - in 1527, when Rome was sacked by the troops of the Holy Roman Emperor.
The cathedral is huge. It seems like you are entering with a huge crowd, but inside this crowd suddenly disperses throughout the dimensionless hall and becomes completely invisible. During festivities, the cathedral can accommodate up to 60 thousand people.
The length of the central nave is 211 meters.
All this is no less impressive in, which remained the largest before the construction of St. Peter's Cathedral Christian temple in the world.
The interior of the cathedral is beautiful and solemn to the point of ripples in the eyes. Moreover, unlike Orthodox churches, this splendor and luxury are not at all flashy. You can admire the exquisite details endlessly - there really is something to look at.
Separately worth mentioning huge amount various statues created by Renaissance masters. For example, the Vatican Pieta is a sculpture of the Virgin Mary lamenting Jesus. By the way, this is the only work personally signed by Michelangelo.
Tombstone of Benedict XV.
Bronze statue of St. Peter, 13th century. It is believed that if you touch it, your wish will come true, so there is always an impressive queue to see it.
The monument to Saint Vincent de Paul and the monument to Pope Alexander VII are, by the way, one of Bernini’s last works, created by him at the age of 80.
