Life of St. Andrew the First-Called summary. Andrew the First-Called - intercessor and patron of Orthodox Christians
Umberto Eco
– How are you doing, Professor? “The general could hardly contain his impatience.
– What successes? – asked Professor Ka, he was clearly hesitant to answer.
“You’ve been working down here for five whole years and no one has ever bothered you.” We trust you. But how long can you take your word for it?! It's time to present your work.
“You hit the nail on the head, General.” I intended to wait a little longer. But you got me going. I made It,” the Professor switched to a whisper, “and, by the Sun, it’s time to show It to the world!”
He motioned for the General to enter the cave. Ka led the guest into the very depths, to where a thin ray of light broke through a narrow hole in the wall. There, on a flat and smooth ledge, It lay.
It resembled an almond in shape, had many small edges and glittered.
“But this is...” The general was confused. - This is a stone.
IN blue eyes The professor, hidden under thick shaggy eyebrows, flashed sly sparkles:
“Yes,” he confirmed. - Stone. But not like everyone else. We will not trample it underfoot. We'd better take it in our hand.
- In your hand?
- Exactly, General. This stone contains great power, which humanity has not yet dared to dream of, power, equal to power million people. Look...
He put his hand on the stone; he clenched his fingers and grabbed it tightly, then lifted it. The hand tightly hugged the stone, the wide part lay on the palm, and the sharp end stuck out and looked up, then down, then at the General - depending on the movements of the Professor’s hand. The professor made a sharp lunge, and the end of the stone traced a trajectory in the air. The professor slashed from top to bottom, and in the path of the tip there was a fragile rock of the ledge and - lo and behold! - the stone entered it, crashed, and made a crack. The professor hit again and again - a recess was formed, then a deep funnel, he crushed, crushed the rock, turned it into powder.
The general watched with wide eyes, holding his breath.
“Incredible,” he said, swallowing his saliva.
“Is this,” the Professor triumphed, “pure nonsense!” Although you wouldn't do anything like that with your fingers anyway. Now look! - The scientist took a large coconut that was lying in the corner, rough, strong - you can’t get close to it! - and handed it to the General:
- Come on, squeeze it with both hands, crush it.
“Okay, now,” the Professor became excited, “now look!”
He took the nut, placed it on the ledge in the recess he had just knocked out, and grabbed the stone, but in a different way, by the sharp end, so that the wide part was on the outside. Then he quickly hit the nut - it seemed without much effort - and smashed it to pieces. Coconut milk spread over the ledge, and in the recess there were pieces of shell with white juicy pulp, fresh and appetizing. The general grabbed a piece and greedily bit into it with his teeth. He looked at the stone, at Ka, at the remains of a coconut. He was stunned.
- By the Sun, Ka! This is a wonderful thing. Man's strength has increased hundreds of times, and now he is not afraid of any dinosaur. He became the master of the rock and the trees. He got another hand, what am I saying... a hundred hands! Where did you find Him?
Ka smiled smugly:
– I didn’t find Him. I made it.
- Did you do it? What do you mean by this?
- This means that He did not exist before.
“Are you crazy, Ka?” the general trembled. – It must have fallen from the sky; It was probably brought by the messenger of the Sun, one of the spirits of the air... How can you do something that did not exist before?!
Years of life: from 01/05/1932 to 02/19/2016
Italian scientist-philosopher, medievalist historian, semiotics specialist, writer.
Umberto Eco is born January 5, 1932 in Alessandria (Piedmont), a small town east of Turin and south of Milan. Father Giulio Eco, an accountant by profession, a veteran of three wars, mother Giovanna Eco (nee Bisio).
Fulfilling the wishes of his father, who wanted his son to become a lawyer, Eco entered the University of Turin, where he took a course in jurisprudence, but soon left this science and began studying medieval philosophy. He graduated from the university in 1954, submitting an essay dedicated to the religious thinker and philosopher Thomas Aquinas as a dissertation.
In 1954 went to work at RAI (Italian Television), where he was editor of cultural programs and published in periodicals. IN 1958–1959 served in the army.
Eco's first book: Problems of Aesthetics in St. Thomas (1956) was subsequently revised and republished under the title Problems of Aesthetics of Thomas Aquinas (1970) . The second, published in 1959 and placing the author among the most authoritative experts on the Middle Ages, after revision and revision, was republished under the title Art and Beauty in Medieval Aesthetics (1987) .
IN 1959 Eco becomes senior editor for the non-fiction literature section of the Milanese publishing house Bompiani (where he worked until 1975 ) and begins to collaborate with the magazine “Il Verri”, writing a monthly column. After reading the book of the French semiotician R. Barthes (1915–1980) Mythologies (1957 ), Eco discovered that his presentation of the material was in many ways similar to Barthes’s, and therefore changed his style. Now he performs original parodies, ironically interpreting the same ideas that were seriously considered on the pages of the magazine. The articles published in "Il Verri" formed the collection Diario minimo (1963) , entitled according to the column led by Eco, and almost three decades later the collection Second Diario minimo was published (1992) .
In their scientific works Eco considered both general and specific problems of semiotics, for example, he deepened the theory of the iconic sign. In his opinion, the iconic sign reproduces the conditions of perception, and not at all the properties of the object it depicts, while the codes that are used in the interpretation of signs are not universal codes, they are culturally conditioned. Eco's contribution is especially significant in the field of interpretation of visual arts, in particular cinema and architecture.
The scientific merits of Eco, who, among other things, is the founder of the 1971 the magazine "Versus", dedicated to issues of semiotics, and the organizer of the first international congress on semiotics, held in Milan in 1974, are highly appreciated. He is the Secretary General of the International Association for Semiotic Studies (1972–1979) , Vice President of the International Association for Semiotic Studies (1979–1983) , Honorary President of the International Association for Semiotic Studies (with 1994 ), participant of the international UNESCO Forum (1992–1993) . Eco is a member of various academies, including the Bologna Academy of Sciences (1994) and the American Academy of Letters and Arts ( 1998 ). He is Doctor honoris causa of the Catholic University, Louvain ( 1985 ), University of Oden, Denmark ( 1986 ), Loyola University, Chicago, New York University, Royal College of Art, London (all - 1987 ), Brown University ( 1988 ), University of Paris (New Sorbonne), University of Liege (both 1989 ), Sofia University, University of Glasgow, University of Madrid (all - 1990 ), University of Kent (Canterbury) ( 1992 ), Indiana University ( 1993 ), the University of Tel Aviv, the University of Buenos Aires (both 1994 ), University of Athens ( 1995 ), Academy of Fine Arts, Warsaw, University of Tartu, Estonia (both 1996 ), University of Grenoble, University of La Mancha (both 1997 ), Moscow State University, Free University, Berlin (both 1998 ), member of the editorial board of the magazines “Communication”, “Degrès”, “Poetics Today”, “Problemi dell"informazione”, “Semiotica”, “Structuralist Review”, “Text”, “Word & Images”, winner of many literary awards, noted awards different countries, in particular, he is a Knight of the Legion of Honor, France (1993 ). About six dozen books have been written about him and huge amount articles and dissertations, scientific conferences are dedicated to his work, including In Search of a Rose Eco, USA ( 1984 ), Umberto Eco: for meaning, France ( 1996 ), Eco and Borges, Spain ( 1997 ).
However, worldwide fame came not to the Eco-scientist, but to the Eco-prose writer.
When asked why he rejected the offer to become Minister of Culture in the late 1990s, Eco replied: “... I would like to clarify what is meant by the word “culture”. If it refers to the aesthetic products of the past - paintings, ancient buildings, medieval manuscripts - I am entirely in favor of government support. But this... is handled by the Ministry of Heritage. What remains is “culture” in the sense of creativity - and here I can hardly lead a team that is trying to subsidize and inspire the creative process. Creativity can only be anarchic, living according to the laws of capitalism and survival of the fittest.”
Umberto Eco
From the translator
Before Umberto Eco published the first work of art- the novel “The Name of the Rose”, - it was known in academic circles in Italy and throughout scientific world as an authoritative specialist in the philosophy of the Middle Ages and in the field of semiotics - the science of signs. He developed, in particular, the problems of the relationship between the text and the audience, both on the material of avant-garde literature and on heterogeneous material popular culture. Undoubtedly, Umberto Eco wrote the novel, helping himself with scientific observations, equipping his “postmodernist” intellectual prose with the springs of fascination.
The “launch” (as they say in Italy) of the book was skillfully prepared by advertising in the press. The public was also clearly attracted by the fact that Eco had been running a column in the Espresso magazine for many years, which introduced the average subscriber to current humanitarian problems. And yet, real success exceeds all the expectations of publishers and literary critics.
Exotic flavor plus exciting criminal intrigue ensures interest in the novel to a mass audience. And a significant ideological charge, combined with irony and playing with literary associations, attracts intellectuals. In addition, it is well known how popular the genre of the historical novel itself is, both here and in the West. Eco also took this factor into account. His book is a complete and accurate guide to the Middle Ages. Anthony Burgess writes in his review: “People read Arthur Haley to find out about airport life. If you read this book, you will not be left in any doubt about how the monastery functioned in the 14th century.”
For nine years, according to the results of national polls, the book has been in first place in the “hot twenty of the week” (the Italians respectfully place in last place in the same twenty “ Divine Comedy"). It is noted that, thanks to the wide dissemination of Eco’s book, the number of students enrolling in the department of medieval history is greatly increasing. The novel did not go unnoticed by readers of Turkey, Japan, Eastern Europe; captured the North American book market for a fairly long period, which is very rarely achieved by a European writer.
One of the secrets of such stunning success is revealed to us in the theoretical work of Eco himself, where he discusses the need for “entertainment” in literature. The literary avant-garde of the 20th century was, as a rule, alienated from stereotypes mass consciousness. In the 70s Western literature However, the feeling has matured that breaking stereotypes and language experimentation in themselves do not provide the “joy of the text” in its entirety. It began to be felt that an essential element of literature was the pleasure of storytelling.
“I wanted the reader to be entertained. At least as much as I had fun. The modern novel has tried to abandon plot-based entertainment in favor of other types of entertainment. I, a pious believer in Aristotelian poetics, have believed all my life that a novel should entertain with its plot. Or even primarily by the plot,” writes Eco in his essay on “The Name of the Rose,” included in this edition.
But The Name of the Rose is not only entertainment. Eco remains faithful to another principle of Aristotle: literary work must contain serious intellectual meaning.
The Brazilian priest, one of the main representatives of “liberation theology” Leonardo Boff writes about Eco’s novel: “This is not only a Gothic story from the life of an Italian Benedictine monastery XIV century. Undoubtedly, the author uses all the cultural realities of the era (with an abundance of detail and erudition), maintaining the greatest historical accuracy. But all this is for the sake of issues that remain highly significant today, as they were yesterday. There is a struggle between two life projects, personal and social: one project persistently strives to preserve what exists, to preserve it by all means, even to the point of destroying other people and self-destruction; the second project strives for the permanent discovery of something new, even at the cost of its own destruction.”
Critic Cesare Zaccaria believes that the writer’s appeal to the detective genre is caused, among other things, by the fact that “this genre was better than others in expressing the inexorable charge of violence and fear inherent in the world in which we live.” Yes, undoubtedly, many particular situations of the novel and its main conflict can be fully “read” as an allegorical reflection of the situations of the current, 20th century. Thus, many reviewers, and the author himself in one of his interviews, draw parallels between the plot of the novel and the murder of Aldo Moro. Comparing the novel “The Name of the Rose” with the book famous writer Leonardo Sciasci “The Moro Case”, critic Leonardo Lattarulo writes: “At their core is an ethical question par excellence, revealing the insurmountable problematicity of ethics. It's about about the problem of evil. This return to the detective story, carried out seemingly in the pure interests of literary play, is in fact frighteningly serious, for it is entirely inspired by the hopeless and hopeless seriousness of ethics.”
Now the reader gets the opportunity to get acquainted with the sensational new product of 1980 in its entirety.
Of course, the manuscript
On August 16, 1968, I purchased a book entitled “Notes of Father Adson from Melk, translated into French from the edition of Father J. Mabillon” (Paris, LaSource Abbey Printing House, 1842). The author of the translation was a certain Abbot Balle. In a rather poor historical commentary, it was reported that the translator followed word for word the edition of a 14th-century manuscript found in the library of the Melk monastery by the famous seventeenth-century scholar who contributed so much to the historiography of the Benedictine Order. Thus, a rarity found in Prague (for the third time, it turns out) saved me from melancholy in a foreign country, where I was waiting for the one who was dear to me. A few days later the poor city was occupied by Soviet troops. I managed to cross the Austrian border in Linz; From there I easily reached Vienna, where I finally met the woman, and together we set off on a journey up the Danube.
In a state of nervous excitement, I reveled in Adson’s terrifying story and was so captivated that I didn’t notice how I began to translate, filling out the wonderful large notebooks of the Joseph Gibert company, in which it is so pleasant to write, if, of course, the pen is soft enough. Meanwhile, we found ourselves in the vicinity of Melk, where the Stift, which had been rebuilt many times, still stands on a cliff above a bend in the river. As the reader has probably already understood, no traces of Father Adson’s manuscript were found in the monastery library.
APOSTLE ANDREW THE FIRST CALLED
Apostle Andrew the First-Called
Andrew was born on August 2, 8 BC in Bethsaida, a city on the shores of Lake Gennesaret.
His father, whose name was Jonah, was a fisherman, his mother took care of the house and children. In addition to Andrey, the family had three older brothers and a younger sister. His brother Simon (later) was the sixth child in the family.
Andrei grew up quiet, calm, and was always very diligent; if he was entrusted with a task, there was no need to check, he would do everything exactly.
Having matured, the brothers moved to Capernaum, where they acquired own home and continued fishing.
Even in his youth, Andrei decided to devote himself to serving God. Hearing that on the Jordan River he was preaching about the coming of the Messiah and calling for repentance, Andrei left everything and went to him. Soon the young man became John the Baptist's closest disciple. At the time of his call to discipleship, he was 31 years old.
John the Baptist sent two disciples to Jesus with the words: “ You will be his guardian angels, protect him and protect him" The second disciple whom John the Baptist sent to Jesus was named John of Zebedee. He was eight years older than Jesus.
Andrew followed Christ.
Andrew brought his brother Simon (Peter) to Jesus, saying before this: “ We have found the Messiah. Come with us».
Matthew tells how the Savior met Andrew and his brother Simon Peter on the shore of Lake Gennesaret, where the brothers were fishing by throwing nets into the water. Jesus addressed them with the words: “ Follow me and I will make you fishers of men" And they followed him, leaving their networks.
The Gospel of John says that during the miracle of the multiplication of the loaves, Andrew pointed to a boy who had “five barley loaves and two fish” (John 6:8-9). He showed the Savior to the pagans who came to Jerusalem to worship the true God (John 12:20-22). According to the testimony of the Evangelist Mark, Saint Andrew was one of the four disciples of Jesus, to whom He revealed the destinies of the world on the Mount of Olives (Mark 13:3).
Saint Andrew is called the First-Called because he was called the first of the apostles and disciples of Jesus Christ. To last day The Savior's earthly path was followed by his First-Called Apostle.
After the resurrection of Jesus Christ, Andrei, like everyone else, driven by persecutors, left Judea for Greece.
The life of the apostle tells of several cases of his resurrection of the dead:
- in the city of Amaseev, the Apostle Andrew resurrected a boy named Egyptius, who died of a fever, at the request of the boy’s father Demetrius.
- in Nicomedia, during a funeral procession, the apostle resurrected a boy who had died because his body was torn to pieces by dogs.
- in Thessalonica, at the request of one of the residents of the city, the apostle publicly resurrected a boy who had died of strangulation.
- Proconsul Virin, enraged by the sermons of the Apostle Andrew, sent soldiers to forcefully bring the Apostle to him. One of the soldiers fell dead as soon as he drew his sword, after which the apostle resurrected him through prayer. Proconsul Virin ordered the apostle to be tortured in the stadium, releasing a boar, a bull and a leopard into the arena in turn. But the animals did not touch the apostle, while the leopard attacked the proconsul’s son and strangled him. After a long prayer, the apostle raised his son Virin.
- also in Thessalonica the apostle resurrected little boy, who died from a snake bite.
- in the city of Patras, the Apostle Andrew preached in the house of the proconsul Lisbius. The former concubine of the proconsul Trophimus followed the teachings of the apostle and left her husband. Trophima's husband came to the proconsul's wife Calista and slandered his wife, accusing her of resuming relations with the proconsul. By order of Calista, Trofima was forcibly placed in a brothel for abuse, but Trofima prayed so hard that all the men who tried to touch her died, after which she resurrected one of them. The proconsul's wife went to the bathhouse with her lover, where they both died. At the request of the nurse Calista, the Apostle Andrew resurrected the deceased, after which Lisbius and his wife believed in Christ.
- in the city of Patras, during the sermon of the Apostle Andrew, a drowned man was thrown ashore by a wave, whom the Apostle resurrected with his prayer. It was Philopatra, the son of Sostratus, a resident of Macedonia, who was sailing on a ship to Patras in order to become familiar with the new teaching, but he was carried away by a wave from the ship during a storm. Philopatra asked the apostle to resurrect his friends and servants, who had also been carried away from the ship into the sea. When the Apostle Andrew prayed, another 39 people were washed ashore by the wave, and the crowd surrounding the Apostle turned to him with a request for their resurrection. The apostle asked to put the bodies in one place and with his prayer resurrected all the dead.
- in the city of Sinop, the Apostle Andrew, at the request of a woman, resurrected her husband, who was found murdered in a pit.
- in the city of Atskuri (modern Georgia), through the prayer of the apostle, a deceased person was resurrected, and this miracle prompted the residents of the city to accept Holy Baptism.
Until the age of 38 he preached and baptized in Persia and Asia Minor
.
In January 39, he returned to Judea, to his hometown of Bethsaida. In the summer of the same year, the eldest son drowned. With the death of the child, Andrei closed himself off even more. In December, he decided to leave as far as possible from the country that had brought him so much suffering.
His field of service was the Black Sea coast, which in those days was called the “Euxinian Pontus” (“Hospitable Sea”). Almost everywhere the apostle found himself, the authorities met him with cruel persecution, and he endured many sorrows and sufferings. But, reinforced by the strength of his faith, Saint Andrew “with delight” endured all disasters in the name of Christ. The First-Called Apostle had to meet especially many torments in the city of Sinope, where the pagans subjected him to brutal torture. But, as the legend says, “by the grace of his Teacher and Savior, Saint Andrew again turned out to be healthy and whole from his wounds.”
Continuing his preaching path, the apostle passed through the cities of Neokesarea and Samosata, through the country of Alana, through the lands of the Abasques and Zigs. According to legend, the pagan Zigs at first did not accept the gospel sermon of Saint Andrew and even wanted to kill the apostle, but, marveling at his meekness and asceticism, they abandoned their intention. Having passed through the Bosporan kingdom, he undertook a sea voyage to the Thracian city of Byzantium. The Apostle was the first to preach the teachings of the Savior there in the future center of Eastern Christianity, where Saint Andrew founded the Church. He ordained the Byzantine bishop Stachys, one of the 70 apostles of Christ mentioned by Paul in Romans 16:9. The saint also appointed elders of the church “so that they would teach the people and perform the sacraments”
And he goes to the lands of the future Ancient Rus'.
Andrew the First-Called visited the sites of future cities: Odessa, Kyiv, Kharkov, Moscow, Novgorod
.
Since 1116, the son of Vsevolod Yaroslavich, Vladimir Monomakh, ordered the abbot of the Vydubitsky monastery Sylvester to include in the “Tale of Bygone Years” the Russian version of the legend about the apostolic mission of St. Andrew the First-Called. So, from that time on, stories about the apostle’s visit to the Russian land are certainly included in all subsequent chronicle lists.
One and a half kilometers from the village of Generalskoye near Alushta, in the basin of the Ulu-Uzen (Megapotam) river, at an altitude of 500 m above sea level in the 1st century AD. St. preached the teachings of Christ. Apostle Andrew the First-Created, one of the 12 disciples of Jesus Christ, so called because he came to the Lord before the other apostles. Through his prayers, a holy spring began to flow near his monastery, which has survived to this day. Here many residents of Taurica converted to Christianity.
After the departure of Andrew the First-Called to the Scythian lands, a monastery was founded on the site of his monastery. And over the holy spring a temple was built, named in honor of St. Andrew the First-Called - Ai-Andriy.
Apostle Andrew is revered as the founder and heavenly patron Orthodox Church of Constantinople .
Sandal and nail of St. Andrew in Trier Cathedral
According to legend, in the 8th century the relics of the Apostle Andrew were transported to Scotland by the monk Regulus and placed in cathedral St. Andrews, a city that took its name in honor of the apostle and became the ecclesiastical capital of the Kingdom of Scotland. According to another version, they (possibly partially) were transported in the 13th century to Italy, to the city of Amalfi.
The sandal and nail of the Apostle Andrew are kept in the Trier Cathedral (Germany).
In the Orthodox Church, the memory of the Apostle (according to the Julian calendar):
- June 30(Cathedral of the Twelve Apostles);
- November 30;
V Catholic Church And Orthodox churches, adhering to Gregorian calendar: June 30 and November 30.
Paintings depicting St. Andrew were created by many great painters, including Murillo, El Greco, and Zurbaran.
Apostle Andrew the First-Called - THE FOUNDER OF "HEAVENLY RUSSIA"
Daniil Andreev wrote in the book that the High man-spirit Apostle Andrew the First-Called gave his strength to the demiurge of Russia Yarosvet (see Heavenly Russia). A still vague outline of Heavenly Russia began to emerge. Church tradition considers Apostle Andrew to be the pioneer of enlightenment of our distant ancestors. This is true in the sense that the Apostle Andrew at the end of the 1st century of the Christian era accepted the crown of martyrdom in the lands of Scythia. But in this legend there appears to be an echo intuitive knowledge that the founder of Heavenly Russia was precisely this man-spirit, who achieved enormous strength and heights in the millennium between his death and his participation in the peacemaking act of Yarosvet.
In Rus', a special cult of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called became widespread in the 1080s. The first church in honor of the Apostle Andrew was built in Kyiv in 1086 through the efforts of Grand Duke Vsevolod Yaroslavich, son of Yaroslav the Wise.
Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle
In 1698, Russian Tsar Peter I established the first (and then remained the highest) award of Russia - the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. In 1998, this order was revived in Russia.
The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called has a sign and a star.
The badge of the order is an oblique cross made of silver with gilding, covered with blue enamel, with the image of the crucified figure of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called on it. At the ends of the cross there are golden letters “S”, “A”, “P”, “R” (Sanctus Andreas Patronus Russiae - Saint Andrew the Patron of Russia). The cross is superimposed on a relief gilded figure of a double-headed eagle, crowned with three crowns, connected by a blue-enameled ribbon, and supporting the lower ends of the cross with its paws. On back side sign, on the chest of the eagle, there is a ribbon covered with white enamel. On the ribbon, in straight letters covered with black enamel, is written the motto of the order: “FOR FAITH AND LOYALTY”; under the ribbon is the number of the badge. The badge is attached to the order ribbon using an eyelet on the reverse side of the middle crown. Sign height - 86 mm, width - 60 mm.
The order's ribbon is silk, moire, blue color, width 100 mm.
The star of the order is silver, eight-pointed. In the center of the star, in a round medallion covered with red enamel, there is a gilded relief image of a double-headed eagle crowned with three crowns; on the eagle's chest there is an image of the St. Andrew's (oblique) cross covered with blue enamel. Around the medallion there is a border covered with blue enamel with gilded edging. On the border, in straight gilded letters, is the motto of the order: “FOR FAITH AND LOYALTY.” At the bottom of the border there is an image of two crossed laurel branches, covered with green enamel and tied with a gilded ribbon.
The distance between the ends of the opposite rays of the star is 82 mm. On the reverse side of the star, in the lower part, is the number of the star of the order. The star is attached to clothing using a pin.
The order chain consists of 17 alternating links of three types: a gilded image of the State Emblem Russian Federation in the form of a double-headed eagle with a round shield on its chest with a horseman made in colored enamels, striking a dragon with a spear; crowned with a crown and framed with military fittings, a cartouche covered with blue enamel, in the center of which is placed the gilded applied monogram of Peter I; gold-plated rosette in the form of a radiance with a medallion covered with red enamel. A blue St. Andrew's (oblique) cross passes through the middle of the rosette, between the ends of which the letters “S”, “A”, “P”, “R” are placed. The chain links are connected by rings. The chain is made of silver with gilding using hot enamels.
For those awarded for distinction in military operations, two crossed gilded swords are added to the badge and star of the order. On the badge of the order they are located under the middle crown above the double-headed eagle. The length of each sword is 47 mm, width is 3 mm. On the star of the order they are located on the diagonal rays of the star, under its central medallion. The length of each sword is 54 mm, width is 3 mm.
The ribbon of the order on uniform is worn on a bar 12 mm high, the width of the ribbon is 45 mm. For those awarded for distinction in military operations, the ribbon additionally contains two miniature crossed gilded swords.
On the ribbon of the order in the form of a rosette is attached a miniature image of the insignia of the order made of golden-colored metal with enamel. The diameter of the socket is 16 mm.
For those awarded for distinction in military operations, on a ribbon in the form of a rosette there are additionally two miniature intersecting gilded swords, which do not extend beyond the rosette in size.
Status of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle
1. The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called is awarded to prominent government and public figures, outstanding representatives of science, culture, art and various sectors of the economy for exceptional services contributing to the prosperity, greatness and glory of Russia.
2. The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called may be awarded to heads (leaders) of foreign states for outstanding services to the Russian Federation.
3. The badge of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle is worn on the order chain or on the shoulder ribbon. When wearing the badge of the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle on the shoulder ribbon, it passes over the right shoulder.
4. Wearing the badge of the Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called on the order chain is carried out, as a rule, on especially solemn occasions or if the recipient has the Order of St. George, 1st degree.
5. The star of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle is worn on the left side of the chest and is located below the orders worn on blocks.
6. Those awarded for distinction in military operations are awarded the badge and star of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle with swords.
7. When wearing the ribbon of the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle on the bar, it is located above other order ribbons.
8. When wearing the ribbon of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called in the form of a rosette, it is located on the left side of the chest above other order ribbons in the form of rosettes.
9. After the recipient of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called is awarded, the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation ensures the production of a portrait of the recipient of the order.
A portrait of the recipient of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called is exhibited at the State Central Museum of Contemporary History of Russia.
Cross of St. Andrew the First-Called
This cross gave the name to the flag.
St. Andrew's flag
St. Andrew's flag - the stern flag of ships of the Navy Russian Empire from 1720 to 1918, since 1992 - the naval flag of the Russian Federation and, since 2000, the banner of the Navy of the Russian Federation.
St. Andrew's flag is a white cloth with two diagonal stripes blue, forming an inclined cross called St. Andrew's; the ratio of the width of the flag to its length is one to one and a half; The width of the blue stripe is 1/10 the length of the flag.
Apostle Andrew - patron saint Ukraine, Russia, Scotland, Romania, Greece, Sicily, Amalfi; as well as sailors and fishermen .
Iconostasis in Vladimir. Andrew the First-Called. 1408
Troparion to the Apostle Andrew the First-Called, tone 4
As the first-called and supremely existing brother of the Apostles, Andrei, the Lord of all, pray to grant greater peace to the universe and great mercy to our souls.
Kontakion to Apostle Andrew the First-Called, tone 2
Let us praise the courage of the same-named eulogist and the Church's supreme successor, Peter's relative, just as in ancient times and now we have cried out to us: come, you who have found the Desired.
Prayer
First-Called Apostle of God and our Savior Jesus Christ, Church follower, all-praised Andrew! We glorify and magnify your apostolic works, we remember sweetly your blessed coming to us, we bless your honorable suffering, which you endured for Christ, we kiss your sacred relics, we honor your holy memory and we believe that the Lord lives, and your soul lives too, and with Him you dwell forever in heaven, where you love us. with the love with which you loved us, when through the Holy Spirit you saw our turn to Christ, and not only loved, but also prayed to God for us, in vain in His light all our needs. This is how we believe and this is how we confess our faith in the temple, also in your name, Saint Andrew, gloriously created, where your holy relics rest: believers, we ask and pray to the Lord and God and our Savior Jesus Christ, that through your prayers, who ever listens and accepts, will give us everything we need for the salvation of us sinners: yes, just like you, according to your voice Lord, leave your wilderness, you have followed Him unswervingly, and let each one of us seek not his own, but let him think about the creation of his neighbor and about a higher calling. Having you as an intercessor and prayer book for us, we hope that your prayer can accomplish much before our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, to Him belongs all glory, honor and worship with the Father and the Holy Spirit and forever and ever. Amen.
Copyright © 2015 Unconditional love
How did Andrew the First-Called become the first of the apostles? You will learn about the life, prayers, stories and icons associated with the saint if you read our article!
Apostle Andrew the First-Called: life, icon, prayer
At the very beginning of His ministry, Christ passed by two fishermen who were casting nets into the Lake of Galilee. He told them the most simple words: “Follow Me, and I will make you fishers of men.” They did just that, abandoning all their old life. These were Simon (Peter) and Andrey. Why is Andrew called the First-Called?
The brothers were from the village of Bethsaida. The Evangelist John narrates that even before, Andrew was a disciple of John the Baptist and heard him call Jesus “the Lamb of God.” After all, this was the most important thing in His earthly ministry: not preaching, not miracles, but the sacrifice that He had to make on the cross, becoming the Lamb for the salvation of all mankind. Andrew believed in this immediately, and therefore we call him today the First Called - he was the first of the apostles to be called. It was he who pointed out to Christ the boy with five loaves of bread and two fish, which were then miraculously multiplied to feed the crowd. He, together with Philip, led some Greeks to Christ (we do not know of another such case), but in general Scripture tells little about Andrew. Basically, his life is known to us from his Acts and Life.
When the apostles set out to preach, they divided among themselves by lot the countries in which they were to preach. good news. Andrei got the coast of Pontus Euxine, that is, the Black Sea. The southern shores (including the Crimean southern coast) were part of the then “civilized world,” that is, the Roman Empire, and in the northern Black Sea region lived barbarians who were called Scythians. How far to the north the Apostle Andrew went in his wanderings, we do not know for sure - a relatively later legend has been preserved that he climbed up the Dnieper and consecrated the place on which the city of Kyiv was later built, and even how he got to Novgorod land and was surprised by the custom of the local residents to take a steam bath in the baths. Apparently, this is still fiction: early sources say nothing about this journey to the north, it left no traces, and it’s hard to imagine such a trip in the 1st century AD. e. quite difficult. But we can still say that the Apostle Andrew was the first who began to spread Christianity “in our direction.” It is likely that he visited Chersonesus - the future Sevastopol.
Another story is also reliable - that the Apostle Andrew visited Byzantium, the city on the site of which Constantinople was later built, founded a Christian community there and ordained Bishop Stachys, an apostle of the seventy. Life tells about many miraculous healings and even resurrections performed through the prayers of the apostle in different cities, and about the cruel persecution to which he was subjected.
After his trip to the Black Sea region, the apostle went to the capital of the empire - Rome, where his brother Peter was. Emperor Nero then ruled in Rome, and times of persecution were coming for Christians, in which both brothers were destined to perish.
From the capital, Andrei decided to return to his previous places. On the way, he stopped in the city of Patras on the Greek Peloponnese peninsula, where he witnessed the persecution of Christians and spoke in their defense before the Roman governor named Aegeates. “You are the destroyer of the temples of the gods, Andrei, trying to draw the people into an insane sect, which the rulers of the empire decided to exterminate,” the Roman answered him. The most unacceptable Christian teaching there was a sermon for him about the crucifixion of the Savior, because this painful and shameful execution was reserved for the most inveterate criminals from the lower strata of society. How can you worship the Crucified One?!
In response to this, the apostle told Egeates in detail about the history of the creation of the world and the Fall, about the earthly life of the Savior and the meaning of death on the cross and called on him to share the Christian faith in order to “find his own soul.” He laughed: “Do you want to convince me that I am dead?” From his point of view, only a madman could believe in all this, and in order to challenge the apostle’s faith, he began to threaten that he would put him to death on the cross.
The price of preaching was indeed high, but the apostle was ready to pay it. Andrei was thrown into prison awaiting imminent execution, and crowds of people gathered around it, ready to riot to free the innocent sufferer. He preached to them, urging them not to hinder what was about to happen, because temporary suffering would lead him to eternal glory. And, in the end, he himself once agreed to follow the Lamb...
For the execution of the Apostle Andrew, an oblique cross in the shape of the letter X was chosen (which is why such a cross is now called St. Andrew’s), and so that his torment would be longer, Egeat ordered not to nail him, but to tie his arms and legs. “O cross, consecrated by my Lord and Master, I salute you, image of horror, you, after He died on you, became a sign of joy and love!” - with these words the apostle ascended to this cross. He hung on it for two days before his death, for two days he talked with the people standing around...
The memory of the Apostle Andrew is celebrated on November 30 according to the old style, and on December 13 according to the new style. A long-standing legend about the preaching of the apostle on earth future Rus' gave rise to a special attitude towards him on the part of the rulers of the Russian Empire: the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called became the highest order of the state, and the flag with the St. Andrew's Cross still shades the Russian navy.
Apostle Andrew the First-Called: icons
Prayers to St. Andrew the First-Called
Troparion
to the apostle Andrew the First-Called:
As the first-called apostles/ and the supreme brother,/ the Lord of all, Andrew, pray/ to grant peace to the universe// and great mercy to our souls.
Kontakion
to Apostle Andrew the First-Called:
We will praise the courage of the same name as the eulogist of God/ and the Church of the supreme successor,/ Peter’s relative,/ before now, as in ancient times/ and now we have cried: come, thou who have found the Desired.
Andrey DESNITSKY
