Chaosophy. New explanatory and word-formative dictionary of the Russian language, T

@ 08:26 pm : Chaos, what is it?
Taken from here: http://trunovyv.narod.ru/Xaoc.html

This “story” was written so that some people would learn something new and interesting about the world around us, it is not any scientific work, but should only arouse in the reader interest in something that has existed for a long time, but may not be known to you.
Have you ever wondered what Chaos is, a term that is far from the last in your vocabulary. In the understanding of the average person (written from personal experience), this is a disorderly action of either a group of objects or one object relative to environment, i.e. subject causing any damage, destruction or irritation to others. But no, all of the above is better suited to the terms vandalism or rudeness, which will not be discussed. The understanding of Chaos as some kind of negative phenomenon is caused by a misunderstanding of the meaning of the word, its original essence, but initially this term meant a formless totality of matter and space (as opposed to order, in the sense of position or “arrangement”). The concept arose from the name in ancient Greek mythology the original state of the world, a certain “opening abyss” from which the first deities arose. Only in early Christian times did this word come to mean disorder, actions that cause physical or psychological harm to others. Further, I will only express my point of view on an issue that interested many amazing minds of the past years, such as B. Mandelbrot, W. Williams, etc.
“Chaos is part of the balancing mechanism that ensures optimal at the moment, the relationship between the progression of development and the progression of degradation of the system. This is a single-integral mechanism - balance” - this is the simplest definition of those that I have come across in several encyclopedias. Speaking in simple words, Chaos is a complex system of behavior of objects, not necessarily members of human society, which outwardly has a disordered mechanism of self-regulation.
Chaos eliminates weak and unnecessary links in the system that interfere with its productive functioning. Even your wardrobe can serve as an example of this: let’s say you are a slob, your things are in wild disarray, but at the same time those things that you don’t wear are various reasons, gradually find a place in separate “distant” corners (shelves) in the distance of the rest; when you are looking for some things in a pile with clean linen over the course of several days, simply because you are simply too lazy to sort out this pile, please note that after a while separate piles of socks will appear, underwear, pants, outerwear, etc. This funny example is only intended to draw your attention to this issue.
Chaos can be traced in all areas of human activity and beyond. Economics (securities market, exchange rates, etc.), industry (self-organization of small-scale production workshops), ecology (spread of forest fires), everyday life (travelling in public transport) - this is not the entire list, only isolated examples are listed here . A sign of interest in Chaos was the creation of Chaos Theory, the founders of which were the above figures.
“Chaos Theory is a mathematical apparatus that describes the behavior of certain nonlinear dynamic systems subject, under certain conditions, to a phenomenon known as chaos, which is characterized by a strong sensitivity of the system’s behavior to the initial conditions. The result of this sensitivity is that the behavior of such a system appears random, even if the model describing the system is deterministic. Examples of such systems are the atmosphere, turbulent flows, biological populations, society as a communication system and its subsystems: economic, political and others social systems». Mathematical systems with chaotic behavior are deterministic, that is, they obey some strict law and, in a sense, are orderly.

- (Greek chaos) in Greek. mythology is a yawning abyss filled with fog and darkness, from which everything that exists came; a completely formless, disordered, indefinite state of things; in Greek cosmology that primitive state from which... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

Chaos and chaos noun, m., used. compare often Morphology: (no) what? chaos and chaos, what? chaos and chaos, (see) what? chaos and chaos, what? chaos and chaos, about what? about chaos and in chaos 1. Chaos is called complete absence order, especially if before... ... Dictionary Dmitrieva

CHAOS- CHAOS, in other Greek. mythology, poetry and philosophy, a pre-cosmic state, a yawning abyss (from other Greek χάσκω, χαίνω to yawn, to yawn, to open one's mouth, to be empty and hungry); disordered primordial matter; the opposite of finite... Ancient philosophy

- (Chaos, τὸ Χάος). The gaping, immeasurable cosmic space, the original source of all life in the world. Later philosophers began to call Chaos the disordered mass from which the world was formed. From Chaos came Gaia (Earth), Tartarus and Eros;... ... Encyclopedia of Mythology

chaos- a, m. chaos m. , gr. chaos. 1. In Greco-Roman mythology, there is a boundless world space with an initial mixture of all elements. The cosmogony of the Greeks begins in chaos and develops into an Olympic federation of gods. Hertz. Dilet. in science. || About… … Historical Dictionary Gallicisms of the Russian language

CHAOS, chaos, husband. (Greek chaos). 1. (most often chaos). In ancient Greek mythology and philosophy, disordered matter, an unorganized element that existed in cosmic space before the formation known to man peace. “Oh, don’t sing these terrible songs... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Cm … Dictionary of synonyms

Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

CHAOS, and CHAOS, and, husband. 1. (chaos). In the most ancient mythological ideas: disordered matter, an unorganized element, from which everything that exists was subsequently formed. Primordial x. 2. (chaos). Lack of order, complete confusion. X … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

- (Greek chaos immeasurable, empty dark space). 1) a primitive, formless mass, a mixture of all elements from which the world came. 2) in music: a discordant mass of sounds, awkwardness. 3) in everyday life it means any kind of disorder.… … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

chaos- and chaos. In meaning “world space with the original mixture of elements” chaos, gen. chaos. Primordial chaos. In meaning “extreme disorder, confusion” usually chaos, gender. chaos. His room is in chaos... Dictionary of difficulties of pronunciation and stress in modern Russian language

Books

Chaos, A. Shirvanzade. The novel by the founder of Armenian realistic prose, the outstanding playwright A. Shirvanzadeh, describes the chaos of the capitalist world, the brutal exploitation of workers, the decomposition of the bourgeois family,...

chaos

m. Greek the state of our planet before the universe.

*Disorder, disorder, indifferent confusion. Chaotic state, upset, in highest degree disorderly.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

chaos

chaos, m. (Greek chaos).

(mostly chaos). In ancient Greek mythology and philosophy - disordered matter, an unorganized element that existed in cosmic space before the formation of the world known to man. Oh, don’t sing these terrible songs about ancient chaos. Tyutchev.

(chaos). Complete chaos, confusion. Scraps of clouds crowded into a beautiful chaos of colors and shapes. M. Gorky. A chaos of wonderful, unclear sounds rushes in front of you like a whirlwind. Gogol. She has little habit of order; there is always chaos around her. Vyazemsky. I still remember what chaos I carried in my head then; everything was just spinning. Turgenev.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

chaos

A and CHAOS, -a, m.

(chaos). In the most ancient mythological ideas: disordered matter, an unorganized element, from which everything that exists was subsequently formed. Primordial x.

(chaos). Lack of order, complete confusion. X. in business. X. in the head.

(chaos). Pile, accumulation of something. X. stones X. ice.

(chaos). Clutter (indoors)

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

chaos

m. Disorder, confusion in the room, in housing, etc.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

chaos

CHAOS (Greek chaos) in Greek mythology is a boundless primeval mass from which everything that exists was subsequently formed. In a figurative sense, chaos, confusion.

Mythological dictionary

chaos

(Greek) - “gaping”, “yawning emptiness” - empty space that existed before the beginning of the world. The offspring of X were Gaia, Erebus, Eros, Tartarus, and Nikta. Among the Orphics, X. is a product of eternal time (Chronos). By X. the Orphics understood the abyss in which Night and Fog lived. The thickened Fog took the form of an egg, which split in two, forming Heaven and Earth.

Chaos

(Greek cháos, from cháino ≈ I open up, spew out), in ancient Greek mythology, the boundless primordial mass from which everything that exists was subsequently formed. In a figurative sense, it means disorder, confusion.

Wikipedia

Chaos

Chaos (film, 2005)

"Chaos" is a 2005 crime thriller film directed and written by Tony Giglio. The film was produced jointly by the USA, Canada and the UK. Starring Jason Statham, Ryan Phillippe and Wesley Snipes.

Tagline of the film: “Who is our rat?”

Chaos (film)

Chaos (film, 1973) is a Soviet film produced by the Armenfilm studio in 1973.
Chaos (film, 1984) - Italian-French film.
Chaos (2005 film) is a 2005 crime action film directed and written by Tony Giglio.

Chaos (film, 1984)

"Chaos"- a film directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani, released in 1984. The film is based on stories Nobel laureate in Literature by Luigi Pirandello.

Chaos (mythology)

Chaos in the mythology of the ancient Greeks - first described by Hesiod in “Theogony”, the personification of the original state of the world before the appearance of anything (before the emergence of the ordered Universe (cosmos) with the appearance of Gaia and Eros). According to Hesiod, “First of all Chaos arose.” According to Hyginus, he was generated by Mgla and in marriage with Chaos Mist gave birth to Night, Day, Erebus and Ether.

Gods emerging from Chaos:

Gaia (Earth)
Nyukta (Night)
Tartarus
Erebus (Darkness)
Eros (Love)

In some versions Gaia, Tartarus, Uranus - grandchildren Chaos.

Chaos (disambiguation)

Chaos- disorder, lack of order, also chaos- a concept from the most ancient mythological ideas, a category of cosmogony.

Chaos is a category of cosmogony, the primary state of the Universe, a formless totality of matter and space.
Chaos is the initial state of the world, first described by Hesiod in Theogony, before the appearance of anything, and also often a designation other world(Tartara).
Chaos is a force originating from warp space in the fictional universe of Warhammer 40,000.
Chaos is a concept used in planetary geology to describe areas on the surface celestial bodies, having a chaotic relief.
(19521) Chaos - trans-Neptunian object
Chaos is one of the poles of the world in the fictional universe of The Chronicles of Amber by American science fiction writer Roger Zelazny.

Chaos (relief)

Chaos- a concept used in planetary geology to describe areas on the surface of celestial bodies that have a chaotic topography. Such areas are composed of a random combination of ridges, cracks, plateaus and other types of structures. The term "chaos" is used in official planetary nomenclature.

Chaos has been discovered on Mars and Europa. Many assumptions have been made about what forces could have given rise to such chaotic reliefs, but the exact causes of the chaos have not yet been established.

Examples of the use of the word chaos in literature.

Among this chaos Among the algae one could see star-shaped, soft pink, lovely alcyones, sea anemones, spreading long curls of their tentacles, jellyfish, green, red, blue, and between them Cuvier's cornet, whose bluish umbrella is bordered by purple festoons.

In the bloody chaos war, the ominous Prophecies of Destruction, Diamond and Wooden Swords confidently walked towards each other, bringing death with them.

As if anticipating the modern teaching of physics about entropy, Anaxagoras argued that chaos- a natural property of things.

The last cargo capsule, floating on repulsor propulsion to the flight deck area-3 through the darkness and chaos right hangar wing, did not attract much attention.

But in the middle of it all chaos, attached to the inner bend of the hangar wing hull, as if stuck, huddled a battered shuttle.

Chaos and all other antonyms met face to face in the last battle - steel against steel, spell against spell, dark gods and goddesses against their lighter relatives, nose to nose and wall to wall, using teeth, claws and other warlike paraphernalia.

And all of them eventually led to a war in which the final outcome was summed up: Good and Evil, Light and Darkness, Order and Chaos and all other antonyms met face to face in the last battle - steel against steel, spell against spell, dark gods and goddesses against their lighter relatives, nose to nose and wall to wall, using teeth, claws and other warlike paraphernalia.

This is a rough sketch chaos, something apocalyptic, some kind of Chinese letter.

Ability to impart chaos a certain form is the ability of a man who is given comprehensive apperception and comprehensive memory - these are the essential characteristics of the male genius.

According to this poem, at the beginning of everything reigned Chaos, a single watery abyss in which three cosmic monsters coiled: Apsu, Tiamat and their son Mummu.

A man of impeccable reputation, unselfish, modest, honest, selfless, and in some ways ascetic, Brüning hoped to restore a stable parliamentary state and lead the country out of the deepening economic crisis and political crisis. chaos.

“I’m taking a walk,” the Beginningless One answered him. Chaos, continuing to pat himself and jump.

“I don’t know, I don’t know,” answered the Beginningless One. Chaos, patting himself, jumping and shaking his head.

Everyone is flying in front of me, fragments of phrases are running, escapades of someone’s excited speeches, remembered inappropriately - complete rubbish and chaos.

Now, when norms of behavior are bursting at the seams and stereotypes of thinking are being destroyed, connoisseurs of culture are shouting that civilization is declining, going backwards, from high culture to lack of culture, from order accumulated over centuries to chaos.

And poetry - a pre-cosmic state, a yawning primordial abyss (from the Greek χάσκω, χοανω - to yawn, to yawn, to open one's mouth, to be empty and hungry); disordered primordial matter; the opposite of a finite, ordered cosmos.

Emergence

For the first time the word “chaos” is found in Hesiod: According to Hesiod, chaos, being pure negation, gives rise to equally negative forces - black Darkness and Night.

It arises first, but is neither the creative principle that generates the cosmos, nor the material for the universe, but forms only a space for the deployment of positive forces - Gaia-Earth and Eros-Love, which do not arise from it, but along with it and after it.

Hesiod. "Theogony"

Chaos in antiquity

In Stoicism

Along with the understanding of chaos as a gap, endless space, darkness and an all-consuming abyss, dating back to Hesiod, the Stoics have another interpretation of chaos as a disordered primary substance, from which the world was formed by chance or under the influence of certain opposing or ordering forces. In relation to the already existing cosmos, Stoic chaos does not represent an insatiable empty abyss or endless entropy, but is a kind of storehouse of primordial matter that feeds the cosmos.

Under Christianity

In Christian literature, the understanding of chaos is mediated by biblical interpretation. Genesis 1, 2 speaks of “darkness over the face of the deep” before the creation of the world. This “abyss” in its meaning is extremely close to the Greek concept of chaos and is identified with it. However, the doctrine of creation from nothing deprives it of all significance both as the place of the world and as its primary matter. This abyss did not disappear even after the creation of the world, continuing to exist in the form of hell. In addition, chaos acquires eschatological significance for Christians, since the Apocalypse says that at the end of time “the beast will come out of the abyss.”

Middle Ages

In medieval philosophy and cosmology (Calcidius, Basil the Great, Bede the Venerable, Thomas Aquinas), the doctrine of two matters was widespread - the primary materia, immaterial, empty space, or pure energy, in which the world is created and the existence of which is refuted by most Christian teachers, and silva- secondary matter, a rarefied and randomly moving mass of primary elements of matter, the result of the first act of creation, a chaotic state that precedes the appearance of formed bodies.

Losev A. F. History of ancient aesthetics. - T. 1. - M., ?. - 198 p.
Svetlov E. Chaos and Logos - In his book: Magic and monotheism. - Brussels, 1971.
Gunkel H. Schöpfung und Chaos in Urzeit und Endzeit. - Gott. , 1895, 1921. T. Yu. Borodai
Hexiod. Theogony - 116 pp.
Losev A. F. Plato. Axioch 371a; Mythology of the Greeks and Romans. - M., 1996. - 474 p.
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. Reflections. / Per. and approx. A.K. Gavrilova. Articles by A. I. Dovatura, A. K. Gavrilov, J. Unta. Comm. I. Unta. (Series “Literary Monuments”). - L.: Nauka, 1985. - 245 p.
Grabmann M. Introduction to the Summa Theologica by St. Thomas Aquinas / trans. A. V. Appolonova. - M.: Signum Veritatis, 2007. - (Series: Pax Christiana) - 280 p.