Fundamentals of social science. Freedom and Necessity in Human Action

The spelling JI-SHI, CHA-SCHA and CHU-SCHU is one of the very first rules learned in primary school In Russian. Despite the fact that the rule is very simple and there are not even exceptions to it, children still make mistakes in writing such words. In order to work out and bring to automatism the writing of these letter combinations, texts for dictations and control cheating on this page will come in handy. Dictations are suitable for both students at the end of grade 1, and in the second grade when fixing the topic.

Dictations on ZhI, SHI

Zhi, SHI write with the letter I. For example: kids, snowflake.

Here is the rosehip. Nice fragrant flowers! Thorns around the flowers. (eight)

Reeds by the river. Good reeds! There are fluffy babies ducklings. (9)

Seryozha Shishkin has pencils. Lesha Zhirov has a car. Good gifts! (10)

We have hedgehogs and mice. The hedgehog hisses. Our kids are waiting for porridge for dinner. (14)

Lyosha lies on the hay. The hay is fragrant. Swifts fly. Lesha has wild rose berries. (12)

Uncle Sasha has an awl. He sewed vests for Misha and Dasha. Our vests are good! (14)

Kids are playing near Masha and Dasha's house. We are friends with them. Our kids are happy. (14)

Yasha has a hedgehog. Put the hedgehog porridge in a ladle. The hedgehog is running. He's in a hurry for dinner. (15)

Gosha has mice living behind a screen. A fat cat does not guard the home well. He's still lying. (14)

Winter. We run down the street. We are shivering from the cold. Roofs of houses in the snow. The snow is fluffy. (15)

The roofs of residential buildings are like tables. There is fluffy snow. And the snowflakes keep falling. (14)

The older guys brought the kids a hedgehog. The hedgehog runs and rustles paper. The kids are playing with the hedgehog. (14)

What are the cubs? They live in the forest. Babies have long legs. Big and wide ears. These are moose. (nineteen)

Lovely babies! Write cleanly in your notebook. Get good grades. Don't rush to answer. Live together. Treasure friendship. (17)

Silence in the forest. Glasha and Dasha have wide skis. The skis run well. Snow rustles. The tops of the pines are fluffy. They have snowflakes on them. (twenty)

Misha and Sasha Zhizhin have holidays. They will live with aunt Dasha and grandmother Masha. The kids will help them dry and turn the hay. (22)

Walruses are born on bare ice. But they don't get sick. Their mothers feed them full fat milk. In a month, the cubs become five times heavier. (23)

Birds incubate eggs. And vipers give birth to live cubs. These snakes are only one day old. But the kids already know how to hiss and are very poisonous! (21)

Our kids came out of the forest. Natasha has redheads. Misha has fragrant berries. Dasha has fragrant lilies of the valley. Who's in a hurry? What animal rustles and runs? It's a hedgehog! Beware, fluffy mice! (29)

A chizhik is circling over the clearing. He sits on a wide path. A red cat is running. He sees a chizhik. He pinches his ears. Hiding in lilies of the valley. Lies and waits. Then he jumps. But he is wrong. Chizhik is alive. He flies away. (thirty)

Fluffy mice lived by a wide pond. In the spring, the mice hurried up the mountain. They came to the top. The fox lived there. She was glad the mice had come. How good are fat mice! The fox will have chic dinner! (31)

Hedgehogs and red squirrels live on our plots. Here is a hedgehog running along a wide path. He hurries to the shelter. The hedgehog sits in a wild rose and hisses. And there is a fluffy squirrel jumping through fragrant lilies of the valley. (32)

Narwhals are large dolphins. They live in ice. Narwhals have large tusks. The animal can gouge very strong ice with its tusk. This is how the narwhal breathes. (23)

Animals gathered around a large puddle. Giraffe sniffs lilies of the valley. The chimpanzee throws cones into the water. Mice collect fallen leaves. Here comes the hedgehog. He lives far away. The hare folds its ears. The heron hides in the reeds. (thirty)

Silence. Fluffy snow is falling. Snowflakes fly like fluff. The roofs of our houses have turned white. The kids are happy with the snow. Fluffy the dog lies by the kennel. Our Pushinka serves people. She guards the yard. (27)

There is a treasure at the top of the mountain. A red dragon lives nearby. He guards the treasure. The dragon has big paws and a fluffy tail. The prince decided to defeat the dragon. Came with a weapon. The dragon will run away. (28)

Rhinos are the largest animals. The weapons of the rhinoceros are a horn on the nose and strong hooves. This helps the rhinoceros survive. They sleep on their stomach or on their side. These animals live for a long time. (26)

Carlson lives on the roof. The kid is friends with Carlson. The kid is on the roof of a friend. The roof is wide. You can see far from the roof. There are many cars below. Passers-by are coming. Dinner is coming soon. Carlson lowers the Kid from the roof. (31)

The leopard lives high in the mountains. The mother of little leopards insulates the den with her fluffy fur. She pulls out the fur from her belly. Leopard milk is fatty. It is five times fatter than cow's milk. Babies suck it and don't freeze. (37)

Dictations on CHA-SHCHA

H A, SHA write with the letter A. For example: food, tea.

Here is the grove. Magpies are chirping. At the jackdaw, the jackdaws are screaming. The rook has a rook. The bunnies squeak at the bunny. (15)

We went for the sorrel. A cloud came running. The thicket made a noise. The firs rocked. There were frequent drops of rain. We raced home. (sixteen)

Brooks murmur. The sun illuminates the earth. The grove is green. Masha saw a rook. Magpies are chirping. Meet spring! (14)

Heat. The hares have bunnies. Wolves have wolf cubs. The thrushes squeak at the thrushes. There were jackdaws, starlings. Hot time. (17)

We say goodbye to winter. Frost does not crack. We welcome spring. Soon the jackdaws and starlings will squeal. (15)

On the square there is a sentry in an overcoat. A shepherd is sitting next to him. The jackdaws are screaming on the plank roof. The shepherd began to growl. (17)

More often nests of birds are similar to a teacup. They are woven from branches. Often nests are insulated with down. (sixteen)

Kolya met Sveta on the square. A cloud floated across the sky. The cloud confused Kolya. He doesn't have a coat. (sixteen)

The rain began to beat on the wooden roof. The wind shakes the branches. The jackdaws squeak in the nest. (thirteen)

Arctic terns boldly defend their nests from polar bear. Daredevils not only scream loudly. Birds often grab the poor fellow by the tail and ears. (23)

Students often walk around the square. There is a sentry there. It stays for a long time - two hours. He is cold. He is wearing gloves but no coat. The guys are screaming, cracking like jackdaws. The sentry pays no attention. (thirty)

The shepherd had puppies. They growl. Now mom will feed them. The puppies are silent, sucking milk. Milk is their food. We came to see the puppies. The shepherd notices us. She starts to grumble. (29)

Depths of a forest. Wolves are playing in the meadow. They growl, squeak. The she-wolf often glances at them. She notices everything. She hears birds chirping in the thicket. The cubs stop playing and run after their mother. (31)

There is an ominous cloud in the sky. The rabbits notice her. They squeal, they scream. It might rain in an hour. The rabbits run home. The darkness thickens. The first drops hit the roof. The rain promises to be long. (29)

There is a cottage in the forest. An old grandfather lives there. His grandchildren often visit him. He meets them, puts them at the table. They drink tea together. Then the grandchildren say goodbye to their grandfather. They promise to come back more often. (32)

We often go to the forest. Grasshoppers are chirping there. One crackled very loudly. We listened to the violinist for an hour. Wonderful artist! We said goodbye to the violinists. When we returned, a cloud came running. We raced home. (31)

We've been walking in the woods for an hour now. Our sheepdog is with us. The forest began to thicken. This is a bowl. It's time to return. We cross the stream on a boardwalk. Here is a grove, and behind it is our cottage. (thirty)

Dictations on Chu, Schu

CHU, SHU write with the letter U. For example: stocking, pike.

I solve the problem. I'm looking for an answer. Then I learn the rule. (10)

I came to someone else's house, I want to enter and knock. The dog can hear me. (thirteen)

I'm dragging a stuffed animal to the garden. I will grow vegetables. They will be amazingly good. (thirteen)

I'm dragging a pike out of the water. I'm happy with this monster. I want to cook an ear. The pike squints its eyes. (sixteen)

I want to find a cast iron. I'm looking in the closet. I twist it in my hands and drag it into the house. (17)

Birds lay eggs. The fish are spawning. Fry emerge from the eggs. Pike, bream and catfish spawn in spring. (17)

A pika is a small bird. She has a nose with an awl. Look - miracles! The pika is dancing the waltz. She circles around the spruce and makes wonderful jumps. This is a pika waltz. (23)

The grubby effigy lived in a cast-iron pot in a closet. His eyes illuminated the monstrous darkness. What a miracle Is it a monster or a freak? His name is Chu-shuk. On the tentacles are bizarre stockings. Once Chushchuk felt trouble. He swam down the river Shchure. (35)

I want to catch big pike. I throw a fishing rod, I sit on a block of wood. I sit, I am silent. I feel the pike bite. I'm dragging her. When I pull it out, I'll grab it. Here's a little more! I scream with joy. (29)

We went to the beach. Suddenly we saw a cloud. My brother Sasha narrowed his eyes. The wind is whipping. Waves rush in the sea. They look like monsters. Lightning flashes in the sky. I want to go home. (29)

The food of arctic foxes is fish and birds. Where do foxes hide their prey? Arctic foxes store food in permafrost. They put their prey in the hole. Food stays in such a wonderful refrigerator for a long time. (27)

A miracle happened in the kingdom. A terrible monster appeared. He has huge tentacles. The prince found chain mail in the closet. Went out to fight. Here is the monster. The prince narrowed his eyes. Fired a wonderful arrow. No more terrible monster. (31)

Wolves roam, looking for food. Who is the stranger here? Wolves smell prey. The hare senses danger. The hare has wonderful legs and sensitive ears. He ran into the grove. Runs, can't feel his feet. Ran into our closet. Got dirty on cast iron. Became dirty. (37)

We caught a pike. Poured water into a pot. Slightly salted. There will be an ear! Our shepherd smelled the fish. She has good instincts. Firewood is running out. I'll look for more and bring them. Then I'll peel the potatoes. (thirty)

I met a knight in mail. He is a foreigner. I want to invite him over. Let him live. He's a freak. He went into the closet and sits. I am silent. It's hard to live in a foreign land. (28)

I drag pike from the river. I am cleaning fish. I want to cook an ear. I put the pike in the iron and put it in the stove. My shepherd dog Chunya smells wonderful fish soup. In an hour I'll pull out the cast iron. Wow, how good. (37)

Yasha Chukin had a puppy named Chubrik. Chubrik saw a scarecrow in the garden. The kid was a little scared of the monster. The puppy squinted. What a dumb freak! What a miracle of nature! (22)

I want to plant vegetables. I'll take a shovel in the closet. I will find a place for each vegetable. I'll bring a watering can. I'll put a scarecrow in the garden. I will grow carrots, parsley, dill. I will treat my friends. (27)

Repetition of material

Ruffs and pike are splashing in the river. I caught a fat pike. I've been dragging her out of the water for an hour now. I'm afraid I will. (twenty)

We went to the thicket. Here are the hedgehogs. Here are the mice. A dirty cloud covered the sky. Lightning flashes. I'm crying. (sixteen)

Mom started cooking dinner. We need sorrel and cabbage for cabbage soup. I drag a fresh head of cabbage from the closet. (sixteen)

Masha has a dacha. Mice live in a closet there. Masha often hears them. Mice are smart. (15)

Grandpa has wonderful hands! He sewed a chic vest. Here are the leather boots. Good boots! I read them myself. (nineteen)

We are more often. Here are its inhabitants. Thrushes crackle. Orioles scream. Magpies jump. Hedgehogs growl. Woodpeckers are knocking. All animals are looking for food. (21)

Lives in our closet fluffy cat. He lies on the wooden roof for hours. I'll treat the cat with a fat pike. (eighteen)

We have rabbits. Fluffy babies squeak and scream. I want to put food in a cup for them. (sixteen)

I'm looking for Misha Schukin's dacha. The site is guarded by a shepherd dog. I knock and scream. Misha runs to me. (sixteen)

Frost crackles. Mostly silence. But woodpeckers knock. They look for their food under the bark. (14)

We are going to the thicket. Fragrant lilies of the valley bloom. Swifts drag grass into the nest. Fluffy mice squeak. Hedgehogs catch them. (eighteen)

Sasha and Misha have a good catch. They caught pike and bream. For dinner we have a wonderful fish soup. (17)

The spring on our watch broke. The watchmaker narrowed his eyes. He fixes watches. Here is a miracle! The clock is ticking. Don't get bored. (eighteen)

The thicket is enchanted by winter. Fluffy snows are like swan fluff. Wonderful life at this time in the forest. (sixteen)

Giraffes are the tallest animals living on Earth. The small head is crowned with small horns. She is decorated Brown eyes and narrow ears. The coat is short. It has dark spots of a bizarre shape. Giraffes are inhabitants of the plains. Hills they avoid. (34)

I want to feed the rabbits. Painfully, they are puny. They live on my property in a wooden shed. I am looking for a large head of cabbage in the garden. I'm dragging him to the rabbits. Babies squeak. They smell food. (thirty)

Sick fish are cleaned by cleaner fish. They clean their fins from scabs, from crustaceans and from pieces of skin. At big fish even clean your mouth and teeth. Live toothbrushes! A whole queue of fish is waiting patiently for them. The fish turn their sides to their doctor and open their mouths wide. (42)

The deer is a large animal with strong legs and a high head. The head is crowned with beautiful horns. Young animals have small horns. Young antlers are soft and lukewarm to the touch. They are easy to damage. Deer live in small herds. (34)

Angry snakes hiss. The little ones hiss a little audibly. Larger hiss is louder. A viper from Africa hisses very loudly. Her name is even - noisy viper. And the rattlesnake rattles its rattle on its tail. More snakes chirp, crackle and squeak. They make these sounds with their scales. (44)

Losiha throws her scouts against the enemies. These are the eyes, ears and nostrils. The eyes caught the movement. Ears caught a rustle. Nostrils caught the scent. Now the scouts rest. Legs need to work! (27)

Grandfather guards the melon. He has big dogs. Grandchildren often visit their grandfather. Today they promised to be at dinner. Grandfather cooks pike fish soup in a cast iron pot. (25)

Snakes are looking for convenient places to change their skin. It can be a pile of stones or a pile of brushwood. Often in such places there is a lot of snake skin - crawling out. "Such areas are called snake locker rooms. (28)

A cloud floats across the sky. The wolves squeak. Others growl. They are already big. A sensitive she-wolf squints at the sky. She feels the storm and pinches her ears. The grimy wolf cub began to grumble. The brothers answer him. (29)

Large shepherd dogs live on melon. They need to guard the melon. Do not let strangers into the area. A wooden kennel stands on the platform in front of residential building. Here comes the passerby. The dogs growl. (27)

I have a fresh head of cabbage. I'm looking for sorrel. I want to treat my friends with cabbage soup from a cast-iron at dinner. There are many cones around. Fragrant grass rustles. No need to feel the rosehip! - I'll pull a thorn out of my palm, And here's a sorrel! What a luck! (37)

A wonderful fish lives in Chukotka. Four months of the year she swims in the icy water of the northern lakes. And then for eight months it freezes into lake ice. Ice melts in summer. The fish comes to life and swims again. (33)

Here is a thicket of the forest. Our guys are building huts there. I carry big branches. I want to put them on the roofs. Now there are many branches. Housing is ready. I'm going to look for a campfire site. (29)

Animals have many different signals. With these signals, they communicate a lot to each other. Crows fly over the field and croak. Suddenly one of them croaked a little differently. This crow noticed the prey and decided to notify the flock. There are also danger signals. The flock will hear them, rise and fly away. (44)

They settled under the bark of a tree small insects. Who are they? Slugs eat leaves and mushrooms. In dry weather, they hide in cracks in the bark. Centipedes live under the bark. They come out at night looking for insects. Woodlice hide in damp places under the bark. (40)

Ravens know and anticipate a lot. They can accurately determine the weather. Crows hide their beaks in the feathers of their shoulders, sit on the tops of trees - the frost is getting stronger. They sit down on the lower branches, cling to the ground - do not escape strong wind. (32)

Nature is alive and inanimate. Inanimate nature is the sun, water, stones. Nature- it's all living things. Everything that breathes, feels, eats. We refer to living nature as humans, animals, and plants. Animals are animals, birds, fish, insects. (33)

We often visited the familiar nest. The birds soon got used to us. At the beginning of summer, fluffy chicks hatched from blue eggs. And near the nest lay dry shells. The birds came to feed the chicks and were not afraid of us at all. (34)

The leaves are harvested from the tea plant to make tea. The best tea requires the youngest and softest leaves. Women have been doing this for years. They moved slowly between the rows of bushes and carried large baskets on their backs. Now special machines have been created. They collect much more leaves. (43)

Carefully collected tea leaves are dried and subjected to special processing. To give the leaves a scent, they are flavored. Therefore, tea in stores is so different in smell. Another tea we often call a mixture of leaves different plants. Very tasty and healthy tea with mint. (39)

The ringed seal is the smallest seal species found in the Arctic. These animals lead a wandering lifestyle. The ringed seal's favorite food is cod fish. These fish often move in large schools along the coasts. The ringed seal is listed in the Red Book and is subject to protection. (39)

Walruses live in the seas of the Arctic Ocean. These are very large animals. In appearance, walruses are clumsy. But they can be very agile. Walruses are looking for a place to live at the bottom of the sea. Their food is crustaceans, worms. Walruses often arrange rookeries on ice floes. (38)

Hedgehogs, knives, pears, skis, puddles, ears, bumps, siskins, good, wide, make friends, sew, circle; thicket, grove, tea, cup, dacha, knock, be silent, shout; miracle, pike, I'm looking for, I want, I'm silent, I teach, I cry.

CONTROL WRITE-OFF

1. Write down poetry. Underline words with combinations of zhi, shi, cha, scha, chu, shu.

In combinations of zhi, shi

Just keep writing!

Mice, hedgehogs, snakes,

Skis, puddles, roofs.

Giraffes, tires and walruses,

Rosehip and pencils,

Circle, serve, make friends and live,

Hurry, mix, hiss and sew.

Remember the syllables zhi and shi

And only with a letter and write.

In combinations cha, shcha

We write only the letter a.

Heap, thick, tower,

Cloud, grove, locust,

Thicket, cottage and seal

You need to write with the letter a.

In combinations chu, shu

Write only the letter y.

I want to write well

Words in chu and shu I teach:

A stocking, and a miracle, and cast iron,

An eccentric, and a pike, and a grumbler,

Dirty, scarecrow, chump,

Wonderful, feelings and closet,

I scream, I grumble, I drag.

I write with u both chu and shu.

(From the collection "Entertaining Grammar")

2. Write down sentences. Underline words with combinations of zhi, shi, cha, scha, chu, shu.

1. I am in the first grade. 2. Siskins live in the forest. 3. The guys are looking for bumps. 4. Fragrant flowers grew in a flower bed. 5. Never take other people's things. 6. Grandmother treats us to a pie. 7. Giraffe Long neck. 8. There are mice in the closet. 9. A seagull is circling over the sea. 10. I never cry.

SELECTIVE DICTATIONS

1. Listen to excerpts from poems. Write down and read words with combinations of zhi, shi, cha, schA, chu, schu.

The carpenter is good

Better for an engineer

I would go to build a house -

Let me be taught.

I will draw first

The house is what I want.

Nice house, big house

On all four sides

And the guys will live in it

Comfortable and spacious.

(B. Mayakovsky)

squinting eyes

And furrowing my brows

Muttering in his mouth,

Watchmaker Ivan Petrovich

Carefully took the watch.

(S. Mikhalkov)

2. Listen to riddles and proverbs. Write down words with combinations of zhi, shi, cha, schA, chu, schu.

The golden sieve of black houses is full.

How many black houses

so many white people. (Sunflower)

It lies under the wattle fence and twists its tail. (Pig)

I don't upset anyone

but I make everyone cry. (Onion)

Flying like an arrow

buzzing like a bee. (Airplane)

The one-eyed old woman embroiders patterns. (Needle)

PROVERBS

1. Do not rake in the heat with the wrong hands! 2. You can't hide an awl in a bag. 3. Do not hurry with your tongue - hurry up with your deeds. 4. Better wealth to lose than to break a word. 5. No matter how keen a pike is, it will not take a ruff from its tail.

EXPLANATORY AND VERIFICATION DICTATIONS

Underline words with combinations of zhi, shi, cha, scha, chu, shu.

Silence on the river in the morning. We are sailing on a boat along a wide channel. Wonderful white water lilies float on the water. A dragonfly circles above them. Dragonflies are like small helicopters.

FISHING

My dad loves fishing. He often takes me with him. Yesterday we went by car to the lake. Dad caught a big bream and a pike. He put them in a garden.

PETS' CORNER

Hedgehogs, mice and a hare live in our school. The kids take care of the animals. After the lessons we run to the living corner and treat our friends to something tasty.

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Dictations. JI-SHI, CHA-SCHA, CHU-SCHU ...

1. We have a hedgehog and mice. The hedgehog hisses. Our kids are waiting for porridge for dinner.

2. Here is a wild rose. Nice fragrant flowers! Thorns around the flowers.

3. Uncle Sasha has an awl. He sewed vests for Misha and Dasha. Our vests are good!

4. The roofs of residential buildings are like tables. There is fluffy snow. And the snowflakes keep falling.

5. Yasha has a hedgehog. Put the hedgehog porridge in a ladle. The hedgehog is running. He's in a hurry for dinner.

6. Gosha has mice living behind a screen. A fat cat does not guard the home well. He's still lying.

7. Reeds by the river. Good reeds! There are fluffy kids - ducklings.

8. Lyosha lies on the hay. The hay is fragrant. Swifts fly. Lesha has wild rose berries.

9. Lovely babies! Write cleanly in your notebook. Get good grades. Don't rush to answer. Live together. Treasure friendship.

10. Birds incubate eggs. And vipers give birth to live cubs. These snakes are only one day old. But the kids already know how to hiss and are very poisonous!

11. Our kids came out of the forest. Natasha has redheads. Misha has fragrant berries. Dasha has fragrant lilies of the valley. Who's in a hurry? What animal rustles and runs? It's a hedgehog! Beware, fluffy mice!

12. A chizhik is circling over the clearing. He sits on a wide path. A red cat is running. He sees a chizhik. He pinches his ears. Hiding in lilies of the valley. Lies and waits. Then he jumps. But he is wrong. Chizhik is alive. He flies away.

13. Fluffy mice lived near a wide pond. In the spring, the mice hurried up the mountain. They came to the top. The fox lived there. She was glad the mice had come. How good are fat mice!

The fox will have a chic dinner!

14. The older guys brought the hedgehog to the kids. The hedgehog runs and rustles paper. The kids are playing with the hedgehog.

15. Misha and Sasha Zhizhin have a vacation. They will live with aunt Dasha and grandmother Masha. The kids will help them dry and turn the hay.

16. Silence in the forest. Glasha and Dasha have wide skis. The skis run well. Snow rustles. The tops of the pines are fluffy. They have snowflakes on them.

17. Hedgehogs and red squirrels live on our plots. Here is a hedgehog running along a wide path. He hurries to the hideout. The hedgehog sits in a wild rose and hisses. And there is a fluffy squirrel jumping through fragrant lilies of the valley.

18. Narwhals are big dolphins. They live in ice. Narwhals have large tusks. The animal can gouge very strong ice with its tusk. This is how the narwhal breathes.

19. Winter. We run down the street. We are shivering from the cold. Roofs of houses in the snow. The snow is fluffy.

20. Kids are playing near the house of Masha and Dasha. We are friends with them. Our kids are happy.

21. Serezha Shishin has pencils. Lesha Zhirov has a car. Good gifts!

22. What kind of cubs? They live in the forest. Babies have long legs. Big and wide ears. These are moose.

23. Animals gathered around a large puddle. Giraffe sniffs lilies of the valley. The chimpanzee throws cones into the water. Mice collect fallen leaves. Here comes the hedgehog. He lives far away. The hare folds its ears. The heron hides in the reeds.

24). Silence. Fluffy snow is falling. Snowflakes fly like fluff. The roofs of our houses have turned white. The kids are happy with the snow. Fluffy the dog lies by the kennel. Our Pushinka serves people. She guards the yard.

25. There is a treasure on the top of the mountain. A red dragon lives nearby. He guards the treasure. The dragon has big paws and a fluffy tail. The prince decided to defeat the dragon. Came with a weapon. The dragon will run away.

26. Rhinos are the largest animals. The weapons of the rhinoceros are a horn on the nose and strong hooves. This helps the rhinoceros survive. They sleep on their stomach or on their side. These animals live for a long time.

27. The leopard lives high in the mountains. The mother of little leopards insulates the den with her fluffy fur. She pulls out the fur from her belly. Leopard milk is fatty. It is five times fatter than cow's milk. Babies suck it and don't freeze.

28. Walruses are born on bare ice. But they don't get sick. Their mothers feed them full fat milk. In a month, the cubs become five times heavier.

29. Carlson lives on the roof. The kid is friends with Carlson. The kid is on the roof of a friend. The roof is wide. You can see far from the roof. There are many cars below. Passers-by are coming. Dinner is coming soon. Carlson lowers the Kid from the roof.

The boy and girl often run into the forest. There they look for cones, tear sorrel. Birds sing merrily in the forest. A tame squirrel lives in the hollow. A bunny is running in the meadow. Children are happy in the forest. (33 words.)

Snowing. Wind whirls fluffy snowflakes. They fall to the ground and rooftops. Everything became clean and fresh. The kids are happy!

Winter came. White snowflakes swirled outside the window. Anya and Masha have new skis. The kids go up the hill.

Winter has come. Fluffy snow fell. Nice white snowflakes. Misha has a sled. And Klava has skis. They go to the park.

Mouse and ferret.

A mouse runs and sees: a bump lies on the snow. And the evil ferret is crawling in mouse tracks. Here's a mouse grab. And the mouse suddenly dived into the snow. And there is none.

Giraffes live in Africa among tall grass in small groves. In the foliage, the spotted skin of a giraffe is invisible. But he himself sees very far from the height of his height. He will notice a predator and run on his legs.

Dasha and Grisha Zhitin have a dacha. Near the cottage there is a wonderful oak grove and small lakes. Children often go to the grove. They catch pike in the lakes. Good summer!

Our Ryzhik.

A wonderful cat lives in our house. His nickname is Ryzhik. The cat has a fluffy tail. The eyes are green, the claws are sharp. Soft pads on paws. Our cat is cunning and dexterous. He runs fast, climbs trees.

1. Here is a grove. Magpies are chirping. At the jackdaw, the jackdaws are screaming. The rook has a rook. The bunnies squeak at the bunny.

2. We went for sorrel. A cloud came running. The thicket made a noise. The firs rocked. There were frequent drops of rain. We raced home.

3. Brooks murmur. The sun illuminates the earth. The grove is green. Masha saw a rook. Magpies are chirping. Meet spring!

4. Warm. The hares have bunnies. Wolves have wolf cubs. The thrushes squeak at the thrushes. There were jackdaws, starlings. Hot time.

5. We say goodbye to winter. Frost does not crack. We welcome spring. Soon the jackdaws and starlings will squeal.

6. A sentry in an overcoat stands on the square. A shepherd is sitting next to him. The jackdaws are screaming on the plank roof. The shepherd began to growl.

7. More often than not, bird nests look like a teacup. They are woven from branches. Often nests are insulated with down.

8. Kolya met Sveta on the square. A cloud floated across the sky. The cloud confused Kolya. He doesn't have a coat.

9. The rain began to beat on the wooden roof. The wind shakes the branches. The jackdaws squeak in the nest.

11. Arctic terns boldly defend their nests from a polar bear. Daredevils not only scream loudly. Birds often grab the poor fellow by the tail and ears.

12. Students often walk around the square. There is a sentry there. It stays for a long time - two hours. He is cold. He is wearing gloves but no coat. The guys are screaming, cracking like jackdaws. The sentry pays no attention.

13. Shepherd puppies were born. They growl. Now mom will feed them. Puppies are silent sucking milk. Milk is their food. We came to see the puppies. The shepherd notices us. She starts to grumble.

14. Thicket of the forest. Wolves are playing in the meadow. They! growl, squeal. The she-wolf often glances at them. She notices everything. She hears birds chirping in the thicket. The cubs stop playing and run after their mother.

15. There is an ominous cloud in the sky. The rabbits notice her. They squeal, they scream. It might rain in an hour. The rabbits run home. The darkness thickens. The first drops hit the roof. The rain promises to be long.

16. There is a cottage in the forest. An old grandfather lives there. His grandchildren often visit him. He meets them, puts them at the table. They drink tea together. Then the grandchildren say goodbye to their grandfather. They promise to come back more often.

17. We often go to the forest. Grasshoppers are chirping there. One crackled very loudly. We listened to the violinist for an hour. Wonderful artist! We said goodbye to the violinists. When we returned, a cloud came running. We raced home.

18. We have been walking in the forest for an hour now. Our sheepdog is with us. The forest began to thicken. This is a bowl. It's time to return. We cross the stream on a boardwalk. Here is a grove, and behind it is our cottage.

Masha has guests. The children were playing in the garden. Then they tore sorrel and pears. There are cups and a teapot on the table. Now the children will drink fragrant tea.

1. I solve a problem. I'm looking for an answer. Then I learn the rule.

2. I came to a strange house. I want to come in and knock. The dog can hear me.

3. I am dragging a stuffed animal to the garden. I will grow vegetables. They will be amazingly good.

4. I drag a pike out of the water. I'm happy with this monster. I want to cook an ear. The pike squints its eyes.

5. I want to find a pot. I'm looking in the closet. I twist it in my hands and drag it into the house.

6. A pika is a small bird. She has a nose with an awl. Look - miracles! The pika is dancing the waltz. She circles around the spruce and makes wonderful jumps. This is a pika waltz.

7. A grubby scarecrow lived in a cast-iron pot in a closet. His eyes illuminated the monstrous darkness. What a miracle Is it a monster or a freak? His name is Chuschuk. On the tentacles are bizarre stockings. Once Chushchuk felt trouble. He swam down the river Shchure.

8. Birds lay eggs. The fish are spawning. Fry emerge from the eggs. Pike, catfish bream spawn in spring.

9. I want to catch a big pike. Throwing a fishing rod, I sit down on a block of wood. I sit, I am silent. I feel the pike bite. I'm dragging her. When I pull it out, I'll grab it. Here's a little more! I scream with joy.

10. We went to the beach. Suddenly we saw a cloud, My brother Sasha squinted. The wind is whipping. Waves rush in the sea. They look like monsters. Lightning flashes in the sky. I want to go home.

11. The food of arctic foxes is fish and birds. Where do foxes hide their prey? Arctic foxes store food in permafrost. They put their prey in the hole. Food stays in such a wonderful refrigerator for a long time.

12. A miracle happened in the kingdom. A terrible monster appeared. He has huge tentacles. The prince found chain mail in the closet. Went out to fight. Here is the monster. The prince narrowed his eyes. Fired a wonderful arrow. No more terrible monster.

13. Wolves prowl, looking for food. Who is the stranger here? Wolves smell prey. The hare senses danger. The hare has wonderful legs and sensitive ears. He ran into the grove. Runs, can't feel his feet. Ran into our closet. Got dirty on cast iron. Became dirty.

14. We caught a pike. Poured water into a pot. Slightly salted. There will be an ear! Our shepherd smelled the fish. She has good instincts. Firewood is running out. I'll look for more and bring them. Then I'll peel the potatoes.

15. I met a knight in chain mail. He is a foreigner. I want to invite him over. Let him live. He's a freak. He went into the closet and sits. I am silent. It's hard to live in a foreign land.

16. I drag a pike from the river. I am cleaning fish. I want to cook an ear. I put the pike in the iron and put it in the stove. My shepherd dog Chunya smells wonderful fish soup. In an hour I'll pull out the cast iron. Wow, how good.

17. Yasha Chukin had a puppy Chubrik. Chubrik saw a scarecrow in the garden. The kid was a little scared of the monster. The puppy squinted. What a dumb freak! What a miracle of nature!

18. I want to plant vegetables. I'll take a shovel in the closet. I will find a place for each vegetable. I'll bring a watering can. I'll put a scarecrow in the garden. I will grow carrots, parsley, dill. I will treat my friends.

Vanya and Dima were by the river. They were fishing. Vanya caught a pike, and Dima caught a bream. Suddenly Vanya saw a cloud. Drops of rain fell. The boys ran home.

All summer long, crows roam the groves and meadows. And in winter they live near human habitation. It's easier to find food here. In the yards, crows are looking for food.

CHK_CHN_LF_CHN_NSCH

1. Line, night, daughter, dot, bump, kidney, pen, granddaughter.

2. Manual, country, river, street, night, eternal, excellent, personal.

3. Stove, problem book, leaves, flowers, stockings, water, chanterelles, sisters.

4. Begin, manual, urgent, predatory, powerful, juicy, nocturnal, tip.

5. Predator, woman, mason, drummer, welder, graceful.

Winter. Severe frost. A tit flew up to the window. The children were at the window. The guys opened the window. The titmouse flew into the room. The bird was hungry. The children fed her.

The boy and girl often run into the forest. There they look for cones, tear sorrel. Birds sing merrily in the forest. A tame squirrel lives in a hollow.

Dasha has siskins, swifts and titmouses. All day long they merrily jump and sing. Dasha loves them. She feeds the birds well and cleans their cage.

Exercise. Write down 2 words that cannot be transferred.

The children often went to the grove. In the spring, fragrant lilies of the valley bloomed there. And in summer, children saw the fluffy tail of a fox. Today they met a hare. He has long ears.

1. Divide to transfer the word SPRING, TODAY.

2. In the 4th sentence, underline the vowels denoting the softness of the consonants.

Aibolit opened the door. There was a swallow at the door. What a miracle! After all, swallows live in Africa in winter. The bird is cold. She sits on the snow and trembles. The doctor made her sit by the stove. The swallow came from Africa. She was sent by sick animals. Aibolit is in a hurry to help.

1. Write out 3 words with verifiable unstressed vowels at the root of the word and select test words for them.

2. Write out 1 word in which all consonants are voiced and 1 word in which all consonants are deaf.

There was frost. A bird sang merrily on the ice of the river. Here the bird jumped into the hole. There she looked for food. A minute later, the bird jumped out onto the ice. This is a dipper.

1. Write out 3 words with paired voiceless and voiced consonants at the end of the word and pick up test words for them.

2. Pick up related words to the word RIVER.

REPETITION …

Spring came. Streams murmur. A flock of sparrows flew up to the house and pecked at the bread crumbs. A red fluffy cat is watching the sparrows. But the fast birds flew away. Mitya calls Barsik home. (27 words)

Words for reference are written on the board: came, crumbs, BarsIka, sparrow.

Misha has two friends. The boys live together. The children often go to the forest. The bug is running with them.

Thicket in the forest. Children are looking for mushrooms and berries. Suddenly a cloud covered the sky. Thunderstorm began. The children raced home.

Artist.

Misha Chadov has pencils and paints. Misha is good at drawing animals. Here is the cat Ryzhik. And here is a fluffy fox. On the Christmas tree, a squirrel gnaws a cone. Misha's drawings are wonderful!

Grammar tasks:

a). Underline the grammatical basis in the penultimate sentence.

b). Divide for transfer: STUDENT, KETTLE, DINNER, GIRL.

v). Divide words into syllables: DEER, RULER, ASPEN, COGNAC, COALS.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

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LESSON SUMMARY ON SOCIAL STUDIES

Grade: 11

Topic "Problems of socio-political and spiritual life".

Lesson Objectives:

Deepen students' understanding of the topic

Formation of skills in students to analyze, draw conclusions, highlight the main thing in the material being studied, defend their point of view

P to continue the formation of the ability to apply the acquired theoretical knowledge in practice.

Lesson type: lesson - practice.

Equipment: : studies. for students in grade 11 general education institutions: basic level; ed. L. N. Bogolyubova and others. - M.: Enlightenment

During the classes:

1. Organizational moment

greeting, announcement of the topic, objectives of the lesson.

2.Updating the basic knowledge and skills of students:

Guys, we continue to study the section of social science "Problems of socio-political and spiritual life." Today we have a practical lesson with you, where we will repeat and summarize all the material covered earlier.

3. Learning activities of students:

A) At the beginning of our lesson, I would like to turn to the Russian-American sociologist P. Sorokin, he wrote that during hunger, a person’s ideology is deformed in the direction of strengthening judgments, theories, beliefs, under given conditions, “approving” the use of measures that can provide food, and in the direction of weakening the reflexes that prevent the satisfaction of hunger.

How do you understand this idea? What is your attitude to this statement?

Sample answer:

Only the well-fed can live according to conscience and think about humanity. the ideology of the hungry is changing, the beautiful soul disappears and the conscience allows you to do everything in order to satisfy your hunger. if the well-fed does not steal - the hungry reflex that prevents the satisfaction of hunger - do not steal - weakens. the hungry are able to take measures aimed at satisfying hunger - to take away food from the rich. prohibit some from accumulating food at the expense of others.

B) Can you support the following statement with concrete facts: “During the period new history Europe, the general direction of development was the liberation of the individual from all sorts of norms and regulations that fetter his daily life”?

Sample answer:

This is a free-thinking society. And the point here is not at all that everyone has the right to say or write anything, but that any idea can be discussed. This process of interaction between people with different knowledge and different points of view is the basis for the development of thought. People's lives are regulated only by democratically adopted laws and universally recognized norms of morality. However, not everyone accepts this model of a free society. Some scientists and politicians, expressing the mood of a certain part of the population, believe that such unlimited individualism is not good for people. Genuine freedom involves something more than just the non-interference of the state in people's lives. Self-realization of a person is based not only on individual, but also on joint experience, a joint search for solutions, and the creation of a common good. Therefore, the complement of freedom is cooperation, responsibility, justice, that is, all those values that society must provide. Thus, the supporters of this concept believe that the role of society is more significant than they try to imagine. By uniting in a community, people acquire not only new values, but also collective protection, which is sometimes extremely necessary for them.

It is also important that the citizens themselves guarantee each other's freedom by conscientiously fulfilling their civic obligations. Thus, the situation of choice develops not only in the "space" of the personal life of each person. As you already know, it also occurs at the level of society as a whole. This is especially evident in the so-called transitional epochs.

C) Which of the following definitions of the concept of "freedom" seems to you the most accurate:

freedom is the absence of any barriers and obstacles;

freedom is the conscious following of necessity;

freedom (free will) is not self-will that can lead to any actions, but regularity, constancy, inexorability in the implementation of moral requirements by a person;

freedom is the deliverance of life from restrictions and coercion?

Sample answer:

Answer: 2.

(Freedom implies that a person or process has the ability to choose an option and implement (ensure) the outcome of an event. The absence of such a choice and implementation of a choice is tantamount to a lack of freedom - bondage. In a certain sense, the concept of freedom is opposite to the concept of necessity. In ethics, freedom is associated with the presence of a person’s free will "Free will imposes responsibility on a person and imputes his words and deeds to merit. An act is considered moral only if it is done by free will, it is a free will of the subject. In this sense, ethics is aimed at a person's awareness of his freedom and the responsibility associated with it )

D) In the text fragment below, highlight the thesis (main idea) and arguments. Evaluate if these arguments are:

“A number of scientists believe that each historical epoch corresponds to a certain type of basic mentality and emotional relations, a kind of “zeitgeist”. It determines the prevailing spiritual atmosphere of a certain historical period. So, in the era of classical Rome, citizenship was the dominant, and in the period of preparation for the Great French Revolution late XVIII v. freedom was such a dominant.

Do you agree with the thesis expressed in the text fragment? Give your own additional arguments.

Sample answer:

I agree with the argument ... they are verifiable, the main idea (to convey to readers what is in different eras there was a different spiritual atmosphere )

E) Do you agree with the statement: “It is impossible to live in society and be free from society”? Justify your position.

Sample answer:

I agree. Everything is very simple. A person in his behavior relies not only on what is written in the genes, but also on the entire previous experience of humanity, reading books and communicating with other people. Accordingly, in any of his actions, the influence of society is already embedded - it is impossible to be free from society.

famous thinker of the 19th century. argued that “legally recognized freedom exists in the state in the form of law ... Laws are positive, clear, universal norms in which freedom acquires an impersonal, theoretical existence independent of the arbitrariness of an individual. The code of laws is the bible of the freedom of peoples.

Comment on this statement.

Sample Answer

The thinker considers freedom as a function of the power of law over the individual or citizen. Even if the laws-authority are approved by everyone and honestly executed, they are external regulatory means that limit the will of a person, therefore they can refer to a kind of freedom, to state or civil freedom. Freedom in general is an unrestricted expression of the will of a person, I do what I want, but the fact is that a person may never want to do something that does not correspond to natural ethics, which is why real freedom has an internal regulator - responsibility. The measure of freedom is the measure of human responsibility. Of course, the code of laws can be the bible of freedom, but only for the same reason that the bible is also an external restrictor of freedom, well, it kind of indicates - don’t kill, don’t steal, and other things that are possible and impossible, precisely for this reason religious conscience cannot be an internal regulator of freedom, since conscience is voluntarily assumed restrictions, what kind of freedom is there, when something can be and I want to, but I won’t do it, conscience does not allow .

E) Read the text below and answer the questions:

"Concept public opinion is used in two senses:

According to the first definition, there can be many public opinions and their number depends on the degree of heterogeneity.(heterogeneity - heterogeneity in composition) and the degree of inequality in society. If we follow the second definition, then public opinion is only the opinion of the majority of members of the public, a certain consensus a large number points of view on the issue under discussion...

Public opinion created through interpersonal communication and means mass communication. At the same time, its role in different societies is far from being the same…”

(Frolov S. S. Sociology. - M., 2003. - P. 248.)

How is public opinion defined in this text? How do you think public opinion and public consciousness are related?

Express your point of view, why the role of public opinion in modern democratic societies is significant, what circumstances determine this.

The following poem reflects the psychological portrait a certain social group. Make educated guesses about who has the following traits:

G) If you love, so without reason,

If you threaten, it's not a joke,

If you scold, so rashly,

Kohl cut, so off the shoulder!

If you argue, it's so bold

Kohl to punish, so for the cause,

If you forgive, so with all your heart,

If there is a feast, then a feast is a mountain!

A. K. Tolstoy

Sample Answer

In the poems of A. K. Tolstoy, the image of a Russian person is drawn, who has a special view of the world, who is characterized by breadth of soul, courage, and daring.
This poem is devoted to the analysis of the features of the Russian national character, which is characterized by maximalism, the desire for fullness of feelings and dedication. A Russian person cannot do something halfway, be a rationalist and pragmatist in all areas of his life.

H) The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 7, Part 1) states: “ the Russian Federation is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person.

What content do you invest in the concepts of "decent life" and "free development"? What directions domestic policy play a decisive role in achieving this goal? Name the factors hindering its implementation. Argument your position.

Sample answer:

The article proclaims one of the fundamental principles of the activity of a modern democratic state, according to which the creation of conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person is not a purely personal matter of the person himself and his parents, but is elevated to the rank of a national policy. It is the successes in social policy that are an indicator of the fruitful and multifaceted activities of the state. They can be used to judge the extent to which the state fulfills its constitutional obligation to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, to create the appropriate material, political, legal and other conditions for the exercise of these rights and freedoms, their implementation in real life. V welfare state The right to a decent life and free development is guaranteed to everyone, regardless of their ability to work and participate in socially useful work. This right is enshrined in Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

"one. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other loss of livelihood due to circumstances beyond his control.
2. Motherhood and infancy give the right to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in wedlock or out of wedlock, should enjoy the same social protection.”

I) L. N. Tolstoy wrote: "The essence of any religion consists only in the answer to the question: why do I live and what is my attitude to the endless world around me."

Do you agree with the writer's opinion? Justify your answer.

Sample answer:

Disagree. These questions are secondary. Primarily in religion - the subjugation of the masses of people. And "why do I live and what is my attitude to the endless world around me" - this is already a holding tool, like the concept of permanent sin, like the promise of paradise, like binding to faith.

Final reinforcement - Test APPENDIX №1

Reflection: Sinkwine on the topic.

Homework : Repeat by chapter.

APPENDIX №1

Test on the topic "Problems of socio-political and spiritual life" Grade 11.

Option 1.

1. The ability of a person to make a choice based on his own decision:

a) freedom b) information c) religion d) politics

2. In a free society:

a) one form of ownership dominates b) a variety of political parties

c) there is a totalitarian regime

3. Select the forms of social consciousness:

a) economics b) philosophy c) science d) morality e) charter

4. The system of theoretical views of one large social group, directly or indirectly reflecting its fundamental interests:

a) social psychology b) political consciousness c) ideology d) law

5. Are the statements true:

a) "Public opinion is the point of view of many, perhaps even the majority, representatives of a social group, but not necessarily all."

b) “Ordinary political consciousness is formed in all people spontaneously, in Everyday life, in practice”.

c) "The information function of the media is to familiarize people with political values, norms, patterns of behavior."

6. Strong state power, traditionalism - characteristic features of the ideology:

a) conservative b) communist c) neoliberalism d) fascism

7. Finish the sentences:

a) “A destructive form of political behavior undermines... … …”

b) “The administrative elite includes………”.

8. The leader is endowed with exceptional qualities, whose authority is based on faith - this is a trait of leadership:

a) legal b) charismatic c) traditional

9. Narrowed reproduction and population decline are:

a) depopulation b) infantilization c) migration d) degradation

10. Voluntary religious association citizens permanently and legally residing on the territory of our country, carries out its activities without state registration and acquiring the legal capacity of a legal entity:

11. To specific rights religious organizations applies right

a) carry out entrepreneurial activities b) produce, acquire religious literature c) be owners

12. Explain the statement:

“Ideas can accomplish nothing at all. To implement ideas, people are required who must use practical force"(German thinker K. Marx).

Test on the topic "Problems of socio-political and spiritual life" Grade 11. Option 2.

1. The conscious readiness of a person to follow established standards:

a) responsibility b) politics c) science d) aesthetics

2. In a free society:

a) the state establishes complete control over the lives of citizens

b) entrepreneurship exists c) one ideology is established

3. Select the types of ideology:

a) liberal b) conservative c) ethical d) psychological e) socialist

4. The totality of feelings, moods, customs, traditions, motives characteristic of a given society as a whole and for social groups:

a) ideology b) social psychology c) legal consciousness d) morality

5. Are the judgments correct:

a) "Along with the individual and public consciousness The spiritual life of society is also reflected by mass consciousness.

b) “An important form of embodiment of ideology is political programs reflecting the demands of social groups, political elites, political organizations, speeches of party and government officials.

c) "The function of the political socialization of the media is to report on the most significant events, comment on them and evaluate them."

6. Freedom of the individual, equality of opportunity - characteristic features of the ideology:

a) socialist b) conservative c) liberal d) neoconservatism

7. Finish the sentences:

a) “Constructive political behavior contributes to … … …”.

b) “The political elite includes……….”.

8. Leadership based on law is called:

a) traditional b) charismatic c) legal

9. The family is complete, consisting of one pair of spouses with children:

a) patriarchal b) nuclear c) multigenerational c) partnership type

10. Voluntary religious association of citizens permanently and legally residing in the territory of our country, carries out its activities on the basis of state registration as a legal entity:

a) religious group b) a religious organization c) a religious party

11. Typical rights of religious organizations include the right

a) to be the owners b) to establish and maintain religious buildings

c) carry out religious rites

12. Explain the statement:

“The leader acts openly, the boss is for closed doors. The leader leads, and the boss manages ”(T. Roosevelt, US President)