The name of the parts of the roof of a wooden house. A short dictionary of roofing terms. The main parts of the roof

The roof is the most important element of the house, protecting your home from all external influences. With a good roof, neither rain, nor snow, nor wind is terrible. And in order to always be so, you need to know exactly all the details of your roof.

Pitched roofs are roofs with a roof pitch greater than 2.5 degrees. The more precipitation (snow, rain) during the year falls in the region where the house stands, the greater should be the angle of inclination of the roof slopes.

How do you keep all the glass clean?

This will bring a glass surface with a total weight of about 300 tons. The glass panels are mounted on a steel frame. The answer to this question is simple. Glass panels are laminated glass, i.e. glass that is also familiar from conventional windows. Sure, a little thicker and maybe bigger, but mostly perfectly fine. Therefore, the cleaning is not special, but it is quite simply a window cleaner. From the inside, if necessary, with a pallet truck, from the outside in special equipment, so that cleaning also works on high altitude.

Main types of roofs

Before considering the structural elements, it is necessary to recall the main types of roofs. The most common are single-pitched, gable, tent, hip, and multi-gable roofs. There are also vaulted, domed and conical roofs, however, in residential buildings they are practically not used.

What is it all worth?

The estimate was about 180 million euros. However, according to current estimates, the total costs will be lower. Until now, every 10 million euros could be saved on sweeping and parking and on the track. Even if the stop cannot be resolved, our planners are confident because there has always been a reserve here too. By the end of October, the glass roof should be largely complete.

External elements of the roof

The bond is created by interweaving fibers and wood ingredients. For which components can fibreboard be used? On the roof, on the floor and ceiling. What characterizes wood fiber boards over other insulating materials? Excellent summer heat and winter protection from the cold. Highest heat capacity under insulating materials! Fibreboards are permeable and have a moisture regulating effect. If the relative humidity in the room rises, it is absorbed by the diffusion-open plates.

Shed roof (the simplest) is one sloped slope, which is fixed on walls of different heights. Such a roof is most often used in non-residential utility rooms or as one of the elements of a complex multi-level structure.
A gable (gable) roof is formed by two inclined planes, connected at the top by a ridge. Such a "classic" roof is reliable in operation and easy to erect.
The mansard roof is designed to increase the volume of the attic space and equip it with another room or utility room. This roof is one of the gable roof options. The main elements (from top to bottom): ridge, two gentle slopes, two lower steep slopes.
The hipped roof has a pyramidal shape. The most common roof with 4 identical slopes (isosceles triangles), which converge at the top to one point. It is worth noting that the faces hipped roof maybe more, for example 8.
Hip roofs are well suited for rectangular buildings and for protecting the gable from external influences. A hip is a roof slope that completely or partially replaces a gable (pediment). Thus, the surface of the roof is formed by four slopes: two main large ones on the sides and two smaller ones (hips), on top there is a ridge.
The multi-gable roof is difficult to install and maintain, but has an original attractive appearance. It consists of several "composite blocks" of a gable roof.

You can find more information about roof types here.

If the air humidity decreases, the wood-based material releases water. Certainly. Our product pages under Processing Steps. This means: no rot formation by wet accumulation. Questions about construction technology When does it make sense to insulate the roof from the outside, when from the inside? In general, external insulation is better because there are no thermal bridges. However, in older buildings, only internal insulation is often possible. Of course, with fibrous plates open to diffusion.

What should be considered when installing fibreboard? Store dry and handle. Building Physics Questions How is a 100 mm thermal insulation package designed? By gluing several plates with water glass or white glue in strips.

External elements of the roof

To begin with, we will talk about the external elements of pitched roofs.

The ridge is the upper horizontal rib that forms at the junction of the roof slopes.
Rib - the intersection of the roof slopes, forming protruding corners.
Gable (pediment) - triangular end parts of the wall, which are obtained when constructing gable and multi-gable roofs.
Valleys - intersections of slopes, forming internal corners. The slopes of the valleys are much less than the slopes of the slopes, but flows down the valleys the largest number precipitation (it is important to monitor the tightness of these elements).
Overhangs - protruding elements of the roof; the roof hangs down so that precipitation does not fall on the walls, but flows immediately to the ground.

Skates, ribs, valleys and overhangs perform both protective and decorative functions. Various combinations of these elements allow you to create interesting architectural solutions. Because if the slope angle is largely determined by climatic and operational requirements, then the appearance, shape and number of slopes depend solely on the taste of the owners.

Flame retardants such as borates are not used. Why wood-based panels increase well-being? Fibreboards are noticeably pleasant: they do not give off a radiant cold. They have a moisturizing effect and do not lose their good insulating properties even when heavily impregnated. Evaporation of toxic gases does not occur. Just a forest with all the benefits of nature.

The vapor barrier is an integral part of the home, the importance and impact of which can only be appreciated by a few homeowners. Therefore, there are always doubts about the need or proper use. Vapor barriers are required in a typical residential building in two places.

The internal structure of the roof is also distinguished by a large number of necessary structural elements. Let's consider each of them.

Rafters - load-bearing elements of the roof, are inclined bars based on the Mauerlat.
The rafter leg is one of the constituent parts of the rafters, one "rafter".
Sheathing - a plank flooring that is attached to the rafters and is the basis for the roofing. It is necessary that all flooring elements are tightly fixed to the supporting structures, and the joints above the rafters are spaced apart.
Mauerlat - a horizontal bar that serves as a support for the rafters, is needed to evenly distribute the load from the roof to the outer walls. In small log houses the function of the Mauerlat can be performed by the upper log of the wall.
Tightening - a horizontal beam (beam), serves to stabilize the roof structure, fastens the rafter legs together.
Rack (headstock) - a vertical support element that is necessary to stabilize the entire structure. It is used to strengthen the rafters. The lower part rests on the tightening, the upper part supports the rafters
The strut is an additional inclined element (beam), used when covering large spans (from 5 meters). Strengthens posts and rafters.

Under roof insulation on the side of the room and interior insulation in concrete basement walls. The vapor barrier in the roof performs two tasks. This prevents indoor moisture from entering the insulation layer and roof truss, and greatly improves the wind protection of the roof structure.

Both tasks are important because the water vapor that enters the insulating layer, which becomes increasingly cold in winter, condenses there and can lead to moisture penetrating the roof structure. Even rafters and battens can be damaged. The vapor barrier inside prevents this and thus protects the entire roof structure. The vapor barrier also provides the necessary wind protection. This saves ongoing heating costs. However, laying a vapor barrier on the seal of all edge joints and joints is of paramount importance.

Rafters in their design are inclined and hanging. Inclined rafters are installed in shed roofs (with walls of different heights). At the same time, the span between these two supports can reach 4.5 m. When spanning from 5 to 6 m, struts are additionally installed under the rafters (an inclined beam resting on one wall and supporting the rafters).

The main elements of the roof

Because only the windproofness makes the thermal insulation achieve its full effect. In the basement, you can see the vapor barrier when the outer walls are made of concrete and when the rooms need to be used in a comfortable way. Concrete walls alone are not enough from thermal insulation back to provide a comfortable living environment. Therefore, if internal insulation is to be used, a vapor barrier is highly recommended. It prevents moisture from settling on a cold concrete wall.

With an even greater span, a sprengel is installed between the walls and rafters. Sprengel - a mechanism for stabilizing the shed roof rafters. It consists of a horizontal beam fixed between the walls, on which there is a rack on top (holds the rafters). The stability of the rack is given by the struts.

Hanging rafters are good to install in large spans. At the same time, their lower ends rest on the walls (Mauerlat), and the upper ends converge with each other (for example, in a ridge).

Vapor barriers can be made from different materials. It is attached after installing the insulating material tightly covering the rafters and glued windproof in the edge areas. The shock and edge areas are also sealed with a suitable joint sealing tape, so that air without room air and humidity cannot reach the cool wall.

Recognize euthana plates with asbestos

However, laboratory analysis is needed to determine if they are asbestos ethereum. Asbestos fibers are extremely harmful to health. Asbestos must be analyzed in a laboratory, the layman does not recognize it.

Recognize edition plates and asbestos

First of all, they were used as roofing and facade panels. To determine if eurythus sheets are made from asbestos, send a sample of the material to our dedicated asbestos laboratory where asbestos can be detected by microscopic procedures.

The roof is the final element in building a house. The warmth and comfort, as well as the appearance of your home, depends on what it will be. An interesting architectural solution and a reliable roof covering will delight you for decades.

What are the roofs

The most common are flat and pitched. Flat roofs are usually covered with outbuildings such as baths, sheds, garages. Pitched roofs are used in the construction of residential premises.

However, not automatically, such material is harmful to your health. Only when the material begins to release fibers due to vibrations, damage or crafts can it enter the respiratory tract and cause damage there. Therefore, if you can recognize esbestos erbitol plates and the test results are positive, you should take care of proper disposal. However, if the slabs remain stable and intact, there is no need for action. Disposal of asbestos-containing panels is carried out by a specialized waste disposal company.

The pitched roof makes it possible to use the space under the roof as an attic, which provides additional insulation and space for household needs. The attic can be used as an attic.

Pitched roofs are of the following types:

lean-to;
gable;
hip;
half hip;
tent;
attic;
conical.

What is the roof made of?

Why is it important to recognize Hebrew plates?

It is important that no one is in the house during the order and after that, for this purpose the company takes special protective measures. To determine if the euryta plates are made from asbestos, a sample of the material must be analyzed. This sample is carefully removed after wetting the material and when using a respirator. Then the sample is packed in air and dustproof material and shipped. Asbestos is made up of tiny fibers that easily enter the lungs when inhaled. There they remain forever, and scar tissue forms around the fibers.

Roof elements:

Rafters, load-bearing part of the roof, prefabricated structure - these elements are the main parts of the roof, which bear the load of the weight of the roof, wind, rain, snow. This part of the roof, as a rule, is made of wood, the structure is assembled from beams with a large cross section. The tree is selected high-quality, new, without cracks and defects.
The base of the roof is made from various materials that cover the roof in the form of flooring. The roof is attached directly to the base. The base is in the form of a wooden crate, but it can also be solid, depending on what roofing material will be used.
Roof - the outer, final covering of the roof. The roof protects the structure from precipitation.

The main parts of the roof

The roof is the main finishing covering of the roof and consists of many components. The main elements that make up the roof:

In case of extreme stress, asbestosis can develop, causing respiratory distress as the alveoli become scarred. In addition, the risk of developing lung cancer increases significantly, even if the cancer usually breaks out only after a few decades. For example, retired artisans can still contract cancer because they came into contact with asbestos during early workdays.

Therefore, it is important to know if euryta plates are made from asbestos. Bitumen is a universally applicable structural and sealing material. Both as a roof covering and for roofing, especially flat roofs, it can be used. Bitumen, or Erdpeh, is composed of a composition of petroleum and various organic materials. In principle, this is a natural product that has long been known to man. For example, 700 years before Christ's bituminous filler was used for sculpting sculptures and as a sealing material.

Slopes are inclined planes that provide precipitation from the roof. The slopes are 95% of the roof. There is only one requirement for them - the slope angle must be chosen in such a way as to withstand maximum loads.
Inclined edges are obtained at the junction of the slopes and look like protruding corners.
Skates are horizontal ribs. These elements are designed to cover the gap at the junction of two slopes.
Grooves, or valleys, are internal corners that form at the intersection of two slopes. These elements must be assembled in such a way that incoming precipitation does not seep inside.
Drip - the lower part of the slope, protecting the walls from water ingress. It is a bar that closes the overhangs from moisture and gives the overhang a clear edge, completeness of the form.
The horizontal part of the slope - enters the walls of the building and is called the "cornice overhang".
Frontal overhang - the inclined part of the slope that extends beyond the walls.
A chute for collecting and discharging precipitation is located along the edge of the slope. The collected liquid is drained away from the house by drainpipes. A drain funnel is mounted at the junction of the gutter and downpipe.

Roofing materials

The most common roofing materials are divided into several main types.

Even today, there are still large bituminous deposits in Trinidad, such as an asphalt lake. Due to its diverse uses, such as in roofing and road construction, it is now mainly produced industrially to meet the great demand.

Modern applications of bitumen

Depending on the composition, bitumen can be semi-solid to extremely hard at normal temperatures. It is also available in liquid form. Thanks to these material properties, bitumen is a very useful building material in many areas that can be easily processed. In addition, it is very well tolerated as a natural product for people and the environment and meets all environmental standards. Therefore, it is not surprising that bitumen is one of the most important building materials.

Roll coverings for a roof. They are made from special polymeric materials with a dense base of cardboard, fiberglass, etc. The material from which roll coatings are made includes additives that provide heat-insulating and waterproof qualities of the material. Such a coating does not crack from temperature changes and withstands significant pressure of atmospheric precipitation. Mounting it is simple. Parts of the roll are cut and overlapped, gluing the edges. Of the advantages of this coating - a relatively low price, ease of installation, but it quickly collapses under the influence of precipitation. Therefore, it is mainly used as a covering for outbuildings on shed roofs.
membrane coatings. Most modern look coatings. It is a material based on polymer compounds and rubber on a reinforcing mesh. This gives the material a special elasticity, resilience and strength. The material has water resistance, heat resistance, even fire resistance, long service life. Membrane coatings are treated with special compounds that prevent rotting, allow steam to pass through and do not allow moisture to pass through. In addition, the joints of the material fit so tightly together during installation that this is an additional bonus to the waterproofing of the roof. The elasticity of the material allows the installation of complex roof surfaces.
Sheet materials for roofing. These include artificial slate, metal tiles, cardboard-bitumen sheets:

slate is a sheet of a mixture of asbestos and cement, painted and curved with a wave. Slate sheets are easy to install, they are easy enough to cut if necessary. They provide excellent waterproofing of the room and have a long period of operation;
the metal tile represents a galvanized sheet of metal with a polymeric covering. The shape imitates tiles. A very long service life, ease of installation and excellent waterproofing qualities have made metal tiles the leader among sheet materials;
cardboard-bitumen sheets are made of thick corrugated cardboard and impregnated with a bituminous mixture. They have all the qualities of sheet roofing materials, but, unfortunately, are not very durable.

Tiled roofs (piece roofing material). They have been popular for over a century. Tiles can be seen on ancient buildings, and they still perform their function - they protect roofs from leaking. Ceramic tiles are a unique roofing material. It is durable, has good sound insulation, does not require maintenance. It is not easy to install, it has a fairly significant weight compared to other materials, but it is very decorative, and is the most durable coating of roofing materials. There are analogues of ceramic tiles, for example, flexible fiberglass tiles, the so-called soft roof.
Sandwich panels. Made of two sheets of steel and insulation between them. Material for quick installation of the roof. He has good performance heat resistance, withstands significant temperature changes, it can be painted, it has a long service life. Gained popularity as a roofing material for office buildings, hangars, warehouses, etc.

The choice of roofing material is very important. The strength, resistance to precipitation, wind resistance and the appearance of the roof will depend on it.

Bitumen and its properties

Today, the material is used in roofing applications for roofing and waterproofing, and in road construction as a joint compound. This is so useful because the chemical properties of the material allow roofs to be effectively sealed. The composition of sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and traces of metal forms water insoluble conditions. Only at elevated temperatures does the decomposition process begin. However, due to the different ingredients, the melting point is not fixed, so one speaks of a melting range.