Presentation on a tour of a Russian monastery. The most famous monasteries in Russia

"Winter Palace" - Conclusion. During the First World War, a military hospital was housed in the palace. And in 1725 the emperor died in the palace. Historical value. The building included about 1500 rooms. The dining room was followed by the Main Bedchamber, which a year later became the Diamond Rest. The Winter Palace is of great value to our country.

"Miracles of Russia" - 16, 9, 6, 18, 16 - 2, 1, 11, 12, 1, 13 4, 16, 18, 1 - 31, 13, 30, 2, 18, 21, 19 17, 6 , 20, 6, 18, 4, 16, 22 5, 16, 13, 10, 15, 1 - 4, 6, 11, 9, 6, 18, 16, 3 19, 20, 16, 13, 2, 29 - 3, 29, 3, 6, 20, 18, 10, 3, 1, 15, 10, 33 23, 18, 1, 14 - 3, 1, 19, 10, 13, 10, 33 - 2, 13, 1, 8, 6, 15, 15, 16, 4, 16 14, 1, 14, 1, 6, 3 - 12, 21, 18, 4, 1, 15 - 10 - 18, 16, 5, 10, 15 , 1 - 14, 1, 20, 30.

"Towers of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin" - And so it happened. Ivanovskaya tower. The steep northern slope of the Volga bank was repeatedly subjected to landslides. The displacement of the foundations of the Kremlin walls reached 14 meters. The sound of the bells of the clock sounded like an alarm. Isn't that why the tower is called Koromyslova. Koromyslov tower. Cathedral of the Archangel.

"Architecture XVIII" - 4. Admiralty, architect. Winter Palace, architect. Completed by: Student group OS-91 Egorov Stepan Checked by: Sokolova Alexandra Grigorievna. Which led to the crisis of the Baroque style, and the preference for more realistic architecture. 7. Baroque architecture of the mid-18th century. D. Trezzini. 5. Palace and park ensembles are being built in Peterhof.

"Architecture of the 14-16th centuries" - Moscow architecture of the 16th century Churches: tent style. Samples of secular architecture. Painting. Theophanes the Greek. Cathedral of the Archangel. Stone construction. The church was founded in 1360 by decree of the Novgorod mayor Semyon Andreevich. Russian painting in the XIV - XVI centuries Architecture in the XIV century. The Assumption Cathedral of 1326-1327 was the first stone church in Moscow.

The Solovetsky Monastery is an independent abode of the Russian Orthodox Church. It is located in the White Sea on the Solovetsky Islands. The founding of the monastery falls on the 40s of the 15th century, when the Monk Zosima and his companion chose Bolshoi Solovetsky Island as their place of residence. He made such a choice not by chance - the monk dreamed of a church of unprecedented beauty.

Recognizing his dream as a sign from above, Zosima set about building a wooden church with a side-altar and a refectory. By erecting it, he honored the Transfiguration of the Lord. After a short period of time, Zosima and Herman built a church. With the appearance of these two buildings, which later became the main ones, the arrangement of the monastery territory began. Subsequently, the archbishop of the Novgorod monastery issued a document confirming its eternal ownership of the Solovetsky Islands.

The Svyato-Vvedenskaya Optina Hermitage is a stavropegic monastery, attended by male monks. Its creator was the robber Opta, or Optia, who at the end of the XIV century. repented of his deeds and accepted monasticism. As a priest, he was known as Macarius. In 1821 a skete was built at the monastery. The so-called hermits were settled in it - these are people who spent many years in complete seclusion. The monastery's mentor was the "elder". Over time, Optina Hermitage turned into one of the leading spiritual centers. Thanks to numerous donations, new stone buildings, a mill and land were added to its territory. Today the monastery is considered a historical monument and has a different name - "Optina Pustyn Museum". In 1987 he entered the list of objects of the Russian Orthodox Church.

The Novodevichy Convent, erected in the 16th century, at that time was located on the Samsonov meadow. Now this area is called the Maiden's Field. The cathedral church at the monastery was built in the likeness of the Assumption Cathedral - the "neighbor" of the Moscow Kremlin. The monastery walls and towers were built in the 16th - 17th centuries. On the whole, the architecture of the monastery conveys the "Moscow Baroque" style. The monastery owes its fame to the Godunov family. Boris Godunov lived here with his sister Irina before his election to the reign. Irina Godunova was tonsured with the name of Alexander and lived in separate chambers with a wooden tower. At the end of the XVI century. the territory of the monastery was replenished with stone walls and a dozen towers. In their appearance, they resembled the Kremlin buildings (there were square towers in the walls, and round towers in the corners). Their upper parts were trimmed with teeth. Today the Novodevichy Convent combines both a museum and a monastery.

The Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery is located on the shore of Lake Siverskoye. It owes its appearance to the Monk Cyril, who founded it in 1397. Construction began with the arrangement of the cave cell and the installation of a wooden cross over it. In the same year, the lighting of the first shrine took place - it was a wooden church built in the name of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos. By 1427 there were about 50 monks in the monastery. In the first half of the XVI century. a new life begins at the monastery - all Moscow nobles and tsars began to regularly come to it on pilgrimages. Due to their rich donations, the monks quickly built up the monastery with stone buildings. The Assumption Cathedral is considered its main attraction. It appeared in 1497 and became the first stone building in the North. The monastery complex underwent various architectural changes until 1761.

The Valaam Monastery is a stavropegic institution of the Russian Orthodox Church that occupied the islands of the Valaam archipelago (Karelia). The first mentions of him are found in the chronicles of the XIV century. So, "The Legend of Valaam Monastery" informs about the date of its foundation - it is 1407. Already after a couple of centuries, 600 souls of monks lived in the monastery, however, due to repeated invasions of Swedish troops, the island began to decline. After another 100 years, the territory of the monastery began to be filled with cell buildings and auxiliary premises. But the main buildings of the monastery courtyard were the Assumption Church and the Transfiguration Cathedral. Desiring to create a New Jerusalem out of their own monastery, the Valaam ascetics used the names of the New Testament period when arranging its sites. Over the years of its existence, the monastery has undergone many changes, and to this day it remains one of the most attractive historical monuments in Russia.

The Alexander Nevsky Lavra was founded in 1710 at the junction of the Monastyrka River with the Neva. The decision to build it was taken by Peter I himself, who wished to perpetuate the victory over the Swedes in this area in 1240 and 1704. In the XIII century. Alexander Nevsky fought with hordes of Swedes, therefore, for good deeds before the Fatherland, he was subsequently canonized. The monastery built in his honor was popularly nicknamed the Alexander Church, and with its construction began the expansion of the territory of the Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Monastery, or Lavra. It is noteworthy that the monastery buildings were located in "peace", that is, in the shape of the letter "P" and were decorated with churches in the corners. The landscaping of the courtyard consisted of a garden with a flower bed. September 12 is recognized as the main holiday of the Lavra - it was on this date in the distant 1724 that the holy relics of Alexander Nevsky were transferred.

Trinity-Sergius Lavra

The Trinity-Sergius Lavra was founded in the first half of the XIV century. the Monk Sergius of Radonezh, the son of an impoverished nobleman. According to the conception of the priest, the monastery courtyard was arranged in the form of a quadrangle, in the center of which the wooden Trinity Cathedral towered above the cells. A wooden tyn served as a fence of the monastery. Above the gates was a small church honoring St. Dmitry Solunsky. Later, this architectural plan was adopted by all other monasteries, which confirmed the opinion that Sergius was "the head and teacher of all monasteries in Russia." Over time, the Holy Spiritual Church appeared at the Trinity Cathedral, the building of which united a temple and a bell tower ("like under the bells"). Since 1744 the majestic monastery was renamed into Lavra.

The Savior Transfiguration Monastery is a monastic monastery in Murom, founded by the Passion-Bearer Prince Gleb. Having received the city as an inheritance, he did not want to settle among the pagans, so he decided to equip the prince's court above the Oka river. Choosing a suitable place, Gleb Muromsky built his first temple on it - this is how he immortalized the name of the All-Merciful Savior. Later, he supplemented it with a monastic abode (the premises were used to educate the Murom people). According to the chronicle, “the monastery of the Savior on the pine forest” appeared in 1096. Since then, many priests and miracle workers have visited its walls. Over time, the Spassky Cathedral appeared on the territory of the monastery - through its construction, Ivan the Terrible immortalized the date of the capture of Kazan. For the arrangement of the premises of the new church, the tsar allocated icons, church utensils and literature, clothes for the ministers. The Church of the Intercession with chambers, a bakery, a flour plant and a cookery was built in the second half of the 17th century.

The Seraphim-Diveevsky Monastery is a women's monastery founded in the second half of the 18th century. At first, the foundation of the Kazan Church was laid with Mother Alexandra's own funds. Pakhomiy, a master famous for the construction of the Sarov desert, was engaged in its consecration as the construction was completed. The premises of the church were equipped with 2 chapels - in the name of Archdeacon Stephen and Saint Nicholas. Then the Trinity and Transfiguration Cathedrals appeared in Diveyevo. The latter was built on solid donations, because reinforced concrete was used for the first time in its construction (previously such material was not used in the construction of shrines). But the main temple here is considered to be the Trinity Cathedral, in which the relics of Seraphim of Sarov rest. All who wish to receive blessed help and healing specially gather at the shrine with the relics of the monk.

The Murom Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery ("Spassky What's on the Bor") is a man's monastery located in the city of Murom, on the left bank of the Oka River. The oldest monastic monastery in Russia was founded by Prince Gleb (the first Russian saint, the son of the Baptist of Russia, the great Kiev prince Vladimir). Having received the city of Murom as his inheritance, the holy prince founded a princely court up the Oka, on a steep, forested bank. Here he built a temple in the name of the All-Merciful Savior, and then a monastic monastery.

The monastery is mentioned by chronicle sources earlier than all other monasteries on the territory of Russia and appears in the "Tale of Bygone Years" under the year 1096 in connection with the death of Prince Izyaslav Vladimirovich under the walls of Murom.

Many saints stayed within the walls of the monastery: Saint Basil, Bishop of Ryazan and Murom, holy noble princes Peter and Fevronia, Murom miracle workers, Venerable. Seraphim of Sarov visited his companion, the holy elder of the Savior monastery, Anthony Groshovnik.

One page of the history of the monastery is associated with Tsar Ivan the Terrible. In 1552 Grozny went to Kazan. One of the paths of his rati lay through Moore. In Murom, the tsar inspected his army: from the high left bank, he watched how the warriors were crossing to the right bank of the Oka. There Ivan the Terrible made a vow: if he takes Kazan, he will build a stone church in Murom. And he kept his word. By his decree in 1555, the monastery's Savior Cathedral was erected in the city. The sovereign presented church utensils, vestments, icons and books to the new church. In the second half of the 17th century, a second warm stone Pokrovsky temple was built in the monastery.

The period of the reign of Catherine the Great had a negative effect on the life of the monastery - she issued a decree according to which the monasteries were deprived of their property and land allotments. But Spaso-Preobrazhensky survived. In 1878, the Abbot Archimandrite Anthony brought the icon of the Mother of God "The Quick to Hearken" to the monastery from Holy Mount Athos. Since then, it has become the main Shrine of the monastery.

After the revolution of 1917, the reason for the closure of the Transfiguration Monastery was the accusation of its abbot, Bishop Mitrofan (Zagorsk) of Murom, of complicity in the uprising that took place in Murom on July 8-9, 1918. Since January 1929, the Spassky Monastery was occupied by the military and partly by the NKVD branch, at the same time the destruction of the monastery necropolis began, and civilians' access to its territory was stopped.

In the spring of 1995, military unit No. 22165 left the premises of the Spassky Monastery. Hieromonk Kirill (Epifanov) was appointed governor of the reviving monastery, who was met in the ancient monastery by complete devastation. In 2000-2009, the monastery was thoroughly restored with the support of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.

Gerasimov Mikhail

Dear friends! Your attention is offered an amazing opportunity to visit the Donskoy Monastery online, get acquainted with the history of the monastery and its shrines. The presentation was prepared by a student of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Secondary School No. 922 Gerasimov Mikhail under the guidance of the teacher of the Russian language and literature Anastasia Valentinovna Bogacheva.

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Virtual excursion "Donskoy Monastery" The presentation was prepared by a student of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Secondary School No. 922 7 "B" class Mikhail Gerasimov

Donskoy Monastery in the Past and Present In the summer of 1591, the cunning and cruel Khan Kazy-Girey rushed to Moscow from the south. At this time, Russia was waging a difficult war with the Swedes and the main Russian army was in the north-west of the country. The Crimean Khan, having made a reconnaissance battle, stood at the Sparrow Hills and prepared for an attack. The archers who remained in the capital set up a mobile wooden fortress, Gulyai-Gorod, between the Tula and Kaluga roads. They broke the camp and erected a linen marching church in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh. Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich placed in it the Don icon of the Mother of God, revered as the patroness of Russian soldiers. Before the miraculous image, they prayed tearfully all night, processions were performed.

The foundation stone of the Donskoy monastery In the morning, a miracle happened, the khan fled without a fight, leaving the wounded and carts with the loot. In commemoration of gratitude for the intercession of the Mother of God, Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich ordered to build a monastery in the name of the Donskoy Mother of God on the place where the camp church stood.

Don icon and its list. The Don icon got its name in memory of the victory of Russian soldiers on the Kulikovo field. Lists appear from it. One of them, written by Theophanes the Greek, is placed in the marching church of St. Sergius of Radonezh. Original (Tretyakov Gallery) List (Great Cathedral of the Monastery) Author - Theophanes the Greek Author - Simeon Ushakov (16th century) September 1 - transfer of the icon for 1 day to the Donskoy Monastery

Temples and cathedrals of the Donskoy monastery: Small (old) cathedral. One of the most ancient buildings is the small cathedral in honor of the Donskoy icon B.M. The cathedral was founded in 1593. In the time of troubles, the monastery was ravaged by the Poles. Only with the confirmation of the Romanov dynasty on the throne was the sovereign's concern for the monastery resumed. In the small cathedral, the rite of world making is traditionally performed in the first week of Great Lent (once every four years).

Large (new) cathedral Almost 100 years after the construction of the small cathedral, a large cathedral is being built, also in honor of the Donskoy icon B.M. It is being built at the expense of Peter 1's sister, Ekaterina Alekseevna. The temple was built in the Moscow Baroque style with the domes oriented to four cardinal directions. Under the altar of the large cathedral, there is a crypt, the burial place of the Georgian kings. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich granted political asylum to the Georgian royal family - Bagrationi. In the crypt of the large cathedral, a temple was built in honor of the Presentation of the Lord, which became their tomb.

Interior decoration of the large cathedral The seven-tiered iconostasis of the 17th century has been preserved. One of the authors of the iconostasis Karp Zolotarev. The frescoes of the temple of the Italian architect Claudi. The main shrines of the cathedral are the Don Icon of the Mother of God and the relics of Patriarch Tikhon.

Walls and Towers Simultaneously with the large cathedral, the walls of the monastery with 12 towers and two passage gates are being erected. The corner towers are round, others are square. Towers have loopholes for low and medium combat. The top of the walls is completed by battle teeth in the form of a dovetail. They were built at the expense of Yakov Kirilov, the son of the Duma clerk, the future monk of the Donskoy Monastery.

Gate churches Above the gate, bell towers with gate temples were built in the 18th century: the Western gate is completed with a three-tiered bell tower in the Elizabethan Baroque style. The bell tower was under construction for about 25 years according to the project of the Italian architect Trezzini. In the lower tier there is the church of the righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth.

Plague Riot In 1771, a plague epidemic broke out in Moscow. Muscovites, resorting to the intercession of the Mother of God, prayed in front of her miraculous image, placed on the barbarian gates of Kitai-Gorod. Archbishop Ambrose removed the icon from the gate, wishing to stop the dangerous gathering of people and the spread of the infection. He himself took refuge in the Donskoy Monastery. The enraged crowd rushed into the monastery, broke into the church, took the archbishop out of the monastery walls and tore them to pieces. The torn apart bishop lay for 24 hours at the northern gate. They buried him in the small cathedral of the Donskoy monastery.

Gate churches Above the server rooms there is an elegant four-tier bell tower in the Naryshkin Baroque style with the Church of the Tikhvin Mother of God “under the bells”. Architect - Ivan Zarudny. Next to the bell tower there is a 2-storey building - the former office, now there are patriarchal cells, where Patriarch Tikhon was kept in custody from 1922 to 1925. Now there is a museum.

Saint Tikhon the Future Patriarch was born in 1865 in the Pskov province into the family of a priest. The boy's name was Vasily, the family had four children. Graduated from seminary and the St. Petersburg Theological Academy. In 1891 he was tonsured with the name Tikhon (in honor of Tikhon Zadonsky). At the age of 33 he became a bishop. For almost 10 years he headed the Orthodox Church in America. On November 18, 1917, he was elected Patriarch of All Russia at the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. From May 1922 the saint was in the Donskoy monastery, practically in complete isolation and under the strictest protection of the Red Army. On December 9, 1924, the cell-attendant of St. Tikhon, Yakov Polozov, was killed with two shots at point-blank range. It is quite obvious that the shots were intended for the patriarch himself. But the killers shot the cell attendant by mistake. The saint deeply felt his death and his health deteriorated sharply. On April 7, 1925, on the day of the Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos, he passed away to the Lord. The church was orphaned.

Uncovering of the relics Saint Tikhon was buried in the small cathedral of the monastery. On November 18, 1991, there was a deliberate arson in the small cathedral, miraculously, the fire was stopped. During the restoration of the temple, the relics of Patriarch Tikhon were discovered at great depths, which the Bolsheviks did not manage to find in Soviet times. Saint Tikhon was canonized and his holy relics were transferred to the large cathedral of the Donskoy Monastery, where they rest to this day.

Pearl of Moscow